選擇性Unit5詞匯講解3

選修性必修一Unit5WorkingtheLandⅠ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.convincevt.使相信;使確信;說服【教材原句】Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.(P50)袁隆平堅(jiān)信,可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到答案?！驹~塊必記】convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth. 說服某人做某事convincesb.that... 使某人相信……【構(gòu)詞法】convincedadj.堅(jiān)信的;深信的;確信的;convincingadj.令人信服的;convincinglyadv.令人信服地;有說服力地【易混辨析】convince指憑行動(dòng)、事實(shí)或言語使他人從思想感情上信服。persuade普通用詞,指通過勸說、感情交流等而使對(duì)方做勸說者所希望的事。urge語氣強(qiáng),指不斷地?zé)崆榈匾?guī)勸誘導(dǎo)?！局R(shí)微練】單句語法填空①Shewasmorethaneverconvinced__herwisdominnotexposingherselftotheEnglishclimate.②Ittookmanyhours__________(convince)meofhisguilt.

③By__________(convince)methatnogoodcouldcomeofstaying,hepersuadedmetoleave.④I’m_________(convince)thatsheistellingthetruth.oftoconvinceconvincingconvinced2.assumptionn.[C]假定;設(shè)定;(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān);(權(quán)利的)獲得【教材原句】Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(P50)當(dāng)時(shí)人們普遍認(rèn)為這是不可能做到的?！驹~塊必記】makeassumptions/anassumptionabout...對(duì)……做假設(shè)ontheassumptionthat...假定……,假設(shè)……【構(gòu)詞法】assumevt.假定,認(rèn)為;承擔(dān)(責(zé)任);→assumingconj.假如,假設(shè)為真【熟詞生義】assumption的另一個(gè)意思是“擔(dān)任,承擔(dān)”,多與介詞of連用?！局R(shí)微練】完成句子①Thetheoryisbasedon__________________________.

這一理論是以一系列錯(cuò)誤的設(shè)想為依據(jù)的。②Don’trelyontheinformationshegaveyou;itis_______________.

不要相信她告訴你的消息,那完全是臆測(cè)。③Thetheoryisbottomedon______________________.

這一理論是建立在靠不住的假設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上的。④ImadeamistakeandIwill________________________.

我錯(cuò)了,我愿為此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。aseriesofwrongassumptionspureassumptionquestionableassumptionsassumeresponsibilityforit3.attainvt.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得;得到【教材原句】Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(P50)雜交作物的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它們的產(chǎn)量通常比常規(guī)作物高。【易混辨析】attain,reach,achieve,arrive均有“達(dá)到”之意。(1)attain側(cè)重指在抱負(fù)或雄心的激勵(lì)下,以最大的努力去達(dá)到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的。(2)reach常用詞,指到達(dá)某一空間、時(shí)間、目標(biāo)或發(fā)展過程中的某一點(diǎn)。(3)achieve側(cè)重為達(dá)到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力。(4)arrive指得出結(jié)論,達(dá)成某項(xiàng)協(xié)議或做出某一決定等。該詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面通常接介詞at。【知識(shí)微練】完成句子①I’mdeterminedto__________________________.

我決心不惜任何代價(jià)達(dá)到目的。②Thecountry______________________in1972.

這個(gè)國(guó)家在1972年獲得了獨(dú)立。③Theyfinally______________________.

他們最終到達(dá)了他們的目的地。④Hewillnever_______________ifhedoesn’tworkhard.

他如果不努力工作就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有所成就。attainmypurposeatanycostattaineditsindependencereachedtheirdestinationachieveanythingⅡ.核心短語4.devote...to把……用于;獻(xiàn)身;致力;專心【典型例句】Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted

tooceanconservation.現(xiàn)在,她是一名致力于海洋保護(hù)的模特和行為藝術(shù)家?！驹~塊必記】bedevotedto(doing)sth.獻(xiàn)身于;專心致志于(做)某事devoteone’slife/time/energyto(doing)sth.把某人的生命/時(shí)間/精力獻(xiàn)給……devoteoneselfto 致力于;獻(xiàn)身于;專心于【知識(shí)微練】單句語法填空①Healwaysdevoteshisattention_________(help)thehomelesschildren.

②_______(devote)tohisresearch,healmostforgoteverythingabouthimself.③Weappreciatedhis________(devote)totheproject.tohelpingDevoteddevotion5.inturn相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而;依次;輪流【典型例句】Itcanbequitestressfulattimes,though,whichin

turnmakesmefeelanxious.然而,有時(shí)壓力很大,這反過來又讓我感到焦慮。【詞塊必記】byturns輪流地(表示“輪流地,交替地”,相當(dāng)于alternately,inturn,多用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)taketurnsindoing/todosth.輪流做某事It’sone’sturntodosth. 輪到某人做某事。takeone’sturn 輪到某人做【知識(shí)微練】單句語法填空①Theshopassistantshadtohavetheirdaysoff___turns.②Theyhadtotaketurns______(look)afterthepatients.

③Ithinkit’smyturn_______(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.

④Peopletrytoavoidtransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,andthis__turncreatesfurtherproblems.完成句子⑤Theoryisbasedonpracticeand____________________.

理論以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ),反過來又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。bytolooktodriveininturnservespractice6.keep...freeof/from...使……免受(影響、傷害等)【教材原句】Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfree

ofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.(P55)有機(jī)農(nóng)戶專注于通過自然手段保持土壤肥沃和沒有疾病?！驹~塊必記】keepup保持,使不低落keepupwith 趕上,不落后keepout(of...) 不讓……進(jìn)入keepoff 離開;避開【易混辨析】keep/stop/preventsb.fromdoingsth.都表示“阻止某人做某事”的意思,但stop,prevent中的from可省略,而keep中的from不可省略。若把from省略,則keepsb.doingsth.意為“使某人一直做某事”。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,from都不可省略?！局R(shí)微練】單句語法填空①Weshouldkeepthechildrenfree_______drugs.②Shehaskept___physicaltrainingforseveralyearswithoutinterruption.③Intheyearsahead,hereflected,hewouldneedtostayalertandinformedjusttokeepup____Celiamentally.④Hewantsyoutokeephim________(inform)ofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.⑤Thehighcostofrawmaterialsiskeepingprices___.of/fromupwithinformedupⅢ.經(jīng)典句式7.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.

確實(shí),他瘦削但結(jié)實(shí)的身軀看起來和他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的數(shù)百萬中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣。

【典型例句】Thepersonabout

whom

they

are

talkingisourmathteacher.他們正在談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人是我們的數(shù)學(xué)老師?！揪湫凸健俊敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則:一先,二動(dòng),三意義(重中之重)。一先,即根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇;二動(dòng),即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇;三意義,即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。注意有些特殊動(dòng)詞短語搭配不能拆分,介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞后,如:lookfor?！局R(shí)微練】單句語法填空①Canyoutellmethedate___whichyouwereborn?②Hisglasses,_______whichhecouldseenothing,fellonthegroundandbroke.③Hebuiltatelescope_______whichhecouldstudythesky.④Ineverforgetthedayon______Icametothisschool.⑤October1,1949wasthedate___whichthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.⑥Tom’sfatherhasboughtacar__whichhegoestoworkonwithoutthroughwhichonin【補(bǔ)充要點(diǎn)】1.estimatevt.估計(jì);估價(jià);估算n.估計(jì);估算【典型例句】Iestimateitwilltakethreemonthstobuildthebridge.我估計(jì)建造這座橋得用3個(gè)月時(shí)間?！驹~塊必記】estimatesth.at...估算某物為……beestimatedtodosth.估計(jì)做某事Itisestimated(that)... 據(jù)估計(jì)……ataroughestimate

粗略估計(jì)makeanaccurateestimate

準(zhǔn)確估計(jì)【知識(shí)微練】

完成句子①________________(據(jù)估計(jì))totalinvestmentinthecountrywillcontinuetoincreasethisyear.

②_________________(粗略估計(jì)),thearmymusthave

covered250milesthatday.③Weneedto_______________________(作出準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì))beforehand.ItisestimatedthatAtaroughestimatemakeanaccurateestimate2.realityn.現(xiàn)實(shí);實(shí)際情況;事實(shí)【教材原句】Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomeareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.(P51)他對(duì)“海水稻”的最新設(shè)想也已成為現(xiàn)實(shí),并可能在中國(guó)開辟近100萬平方千米的鹽堿地,用于水稻生產(chǎn)。【詞塊必記】

becomeareality變成現(xiàn)實(shí)inreality

事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上bring...backtoreality

使……回到現(xiàn)實(shí)face/acceptreality

面對(duì)/接受現(xiàn)實(shí)escapefromreality 逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)turn...intoreality/realities 實(shí)現(xiàn)【構(gòu)詞法】realadj.真的;真實(shí)的→reallyadv.真正地;realisticadj.現(xiàn)實(shí)的;實(shí)事求是的【知識(shí)微練】單句語法填空①Whenthe______(real)wasdestroyed,thelegendhadfreedomtoexpand.②Hisplansweretransformedovernight____reality.③Thereisthepointthatthewealththatmostpeopleseemtobeenjoyingisnottheirs__reality.realityintoin完成句子④Thespeedof6Gwillexceed125GB/s,allowingfor______________________________.6G的速度將會(huì)超過每秒125GB,使得新一代的虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)成為可能。

⑤MrGreenisaprofessor______________________.

格林先生是徒有虛名的教授。⑥Wethoughthewasseriousbut________________________.我們以為他是認(rèn)真的,但實(shí)際上他是在開玩笑。

⑦Whensomeonesays,“Don’tburyyourheadinthesand.”,hemeansyoushouldn’t_________________(逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)).

anewgenerationofvirtualrealityinnamebutnotinrealityinreality/facthewasjokingescapefromreality3.overcomevt.克服;解決;戰(zhàn)勝【典型例句】

Nobodycouldovercomeherjump.她的一跳,無人能超越?！驹~塊必記】beovercomewithgrief悲不自勝beovercomewithregret 后悔不已overcomeone’sshortcomings 克服某人的缺點(diǎn)beovercomewithhomesickness 鄉(xiāng)愁滿腸overcomeshortcomingsinone’swork 克服工作中的缺點(diǎn)overcomedifficulties 戰(zhàn)勝困難【知識(shí)微練】完成句子①Helpingmyhusbandto_______________________wasarealtestofourlove.

幫助我丈夫渡過難關(guān)的確是對(duì)我們愛情的一次考驗(yàn)。②Aslongasweareunited,thereisnodifficulty__________________.

只要大伙兒擰成一股繩,沒有克服不了的困難。③Once______________________(攻下這一困難),otherproblemswillbeeasytosolve.

overcomethedifficulttimewecannotovercomethisdifficultyisovercome4.becomprisedof包括;包含;由……組成(或構(gòu)成)【教材原句】Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinais

comprised

ofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.(P50)據(jù)估算,現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的稻米有大約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物,這些品種(形成的作物)讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸稻米?！驹~塊必記】bemadeupof由……組成consistof 由……組成【知識(shí)微練】單句語法填空①Acricketteamiscomprised__elevenplayers.②Thismonth’sfigures_____________(comprise)inthetotal.

完成句子③Theclass____________________________________________.

這個(gè)班級(jí)主要由英國(guó)和法國(guó)的學(xué)生組成。④Thechapters__________________________________areespeciallygood.

構(gòu)成那部小說開頭部分的幾章特別好。ofarecomprisediscomprisedmainlyofBritishandFrenchstudentsthatcomprisethefirstpartofthenovel附1：1.話題詞匯(1)introduction(引言):Nowadaysmoreandmorepeople.../...playsanimportantrolein.../...havebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.../Generallyspeaking,thefavorableaspects/advantagescanbelistedasfollows...(2)mainbody(主體):Firstly...Secondly...Inaddition/What’smore/Moreover.../Everycoinhastwosides.../Tomakethingsworse...(3)Conclusion(結(jié)論):Throughaboveanalysis/Allthingsconsidered,wecansee.../Therefore...

2.話題句式(1)總起:Differentpeopleholddifferentopinions/Theopinionsaredivided/Peoplehavetaken/adopteddifferentattitudestowards/Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem/Peopletakedifferentviewsonthisquestion(2)表達(dá)不同觀點(diǎn):ofthemholdtheopinionthat/ofthemareinfavoroftheideathat/Peoplewhoarefor/againsttheideathink/Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...(3)不同觀點(diǎn)之間的銜接:However,someofthemholdadifferentview/holdtheoppositeopinion/Peoplewhoareagainstitdon’tthinkso/However,eachcoinhastwosides/Differentfromthose,peoplethink/Ontheotherhand.../Peopleobjectthat...(4)并列關(guān)系:and,aswellas,also(5)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:besides,inaddition,moreover,what’smore(6)比較、對(duì)比:like,unlike,onthe