江蘇省鹽城市鹽城八校2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）

2024~2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三年級考試英語全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.請按題號順序在答題卡上各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.選擇題用2B鉛筆在答題卡上把所選答案的標(biāo)號涂黑；非選擇題用黑色簽字筆在答題卡上作答；字體工整，筆跡清楚。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將試卷和答題卡一并上交。5.本卷主要考查內(nèi)容：至拓展創(chuàng)新學(xué)程二。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Writerandreader.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.2.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toplaceanorder.B.Toapplyforajob.C.Tomakeacomplaint.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabookstore.B.Inapostoffice.C.Inaclassroom.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anewstore.B.Italiandishes.C.Theirsupper.5.Whyhasthemancomeback?A.Tostudyhere.B.Totravelaround.C.Totakeajob.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Havedinner.B.Attendaparty.C.Seeamovie.7.Whenwillthemanpickupthewoman?A.At5:00p.m.B.At6:30p.m.C.At7:00p.m.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.What'sthewoman'sjobinEngland?A.Importingwines.B.Buildinghouses.C.Guidingtravellers.9.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.10.Whatistheman'sattitudetowardhiswork?A.Negative.B.Favourable.C.Unclear.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WheredidMonicausuallyhaveherlunchinhighschool?A.Atschool.B.Athome.C.Inarestaurant.12.Whowouldbringlunchboxestoschool?A.Eric’sfriends.B.Monica'sfriends.C.Arthur'sfriends.13.HowlongdidArthurstayinschooleveryday?A.About5hours.B.About4hours.C.About2hours.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whendidthemanbuyhispresentcomputer?A.Twoyearsago.B.Fouryearsago.C.Tenyearsago.15.Whatdoesthemanmainlyusethecomputertodoatpresent?A.Playonlinegames.B.Collectinformation.C.Receivee-mails.16.Whatdoesthemanusuallybuyonline?A.Food.B.Clothes.C.Digitalproducts.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhydidEdwardswalk14mileseveryday?A.Tokeephealthy.B.Toloseweight.C.Togettowork.18.WhatgiftdidEdwardsreceivefromthecouple?A.Anicecream.B.Acar.C.Acomputer.19.HowdidEdwardsfeelaboutthecouple'shelp?A.Guilty.B.Moved.C.Embarrassed.20.WhatdidthecouplewishEdwardstodo?A.Gotocollege.B.Payforthegift.C.Offerhelptoothers.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhySubscribetoReader’sDigest?Theworld’sbest-lovedgeneral-interestpublicationcontainssomethingforeveryone.Reader’sDigestmagazineisburstingwithstories,articles,advice,recipes,reviews,tips,jokesandanecdotes.Eachissueissmallenoughtofitinyourhandbagorpocket,butbigenoughtokeepyouentertainedforweeksonend.Fromregularcolumnspackedwithinformationtogripping(扣人心弦的)human-intereststoriesandhelpfulhow-tos,ourmagazineoffersknowledge,positivityandhumour.Inthismonth’sissueyou’llfind...AninterviewwithHughDancyThenewestadditiontothecastofDowntonAbbeyonNewYorkLaw&Order,andthenostalgia(懷舊)ofplayinganEnglishgentleman.SavingthesoundoftheStradivaiusMeettheexpertsfightingtosavetheunbeatablesoundofhistory’sgreatestviolins,meetingtheloveofherlife.CommunityPowerAcrosstheUK,communitiesarecomingtogethertosavetheirpubs,shops,andmore.IfGraceDentruledtheworldTherestaurantcriticshareshermanifesto(宣言)forworlddomination.SUBSCRIBETODAYFROMASLITTLEAS￡22.99Ourbestpriceyet—It’sonly￡22.99forafullone-yearsubscription—ASavingofover50%OFFtheusual￡47.88retailprice—andwhat’smore,wewilldeliveritdirecttoyourdoorforfree!Ifyoudon’twanttocommittoafullyear,wehavetheperfecttasterpackage.TRIALNOWwith3IssuesforONLY￡3!Plus,makesureyoualwayskeepuptodatewithallofthetopstories,newsandpromotionsfromReader’sDigestbysubscribingtoourweeklynewsletter.1.Ifreaderswanttoknowaboutanactor,whichoneshouldtheyread?A.IfGraceDentruledtheworld. B.CommunityPower.C.SavingthesoundoftheStradivaius. D.AninterviewwithHughDancy.2.Howmuchwillyousaveifyoutakeoutafullone-yearsubscriptiontoday?A.￡3. B.￡22.99. C.￡24.89. D.￡47.88.3.Whatkindofwritingisthepassage?A.Anintroduction. B.Apartofafiction.C.Aresearchreport. D.Anadvertisement.【答案】1.D2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章是關(guān)于《讀者文摘》雜志的介紹和訂閱推廣?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個小標(biāo)題AninterviewwithHughDancy中“ThenewestadditiontothecastofDowntonAbbeyonNewYork,Law&Order,andthenostalgia(懷舊)ofplayinganEnglishgentleman.(《唐頓莊園》《法律與秩序》的新成員，以及對扮演英國紳士的懷念。)”可知，想了解一個演員，需要看AninterviewwithHughDancy。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ourbestpriceyet—It’sonly￡22.99forafullone-yearsubscription—ASavingofover50%OFFtheusual￡47.88retailprice(我們最優(yōu)惠的價格——全年訂閱只需22.99英鎊——比通常的47.88英鎊零售價節(jié)省50%以上)”可知，如果你今天就全額訂購一年，你可以節(jié)省47.88-22.99=￡24.89。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“WhySubscribetoReader’sDigest?(為什么訂閱《讀者文摘》?)”及全文可知，文章先簡單介紹了讀者文摘，以及列舉了其中一期的內(nèi)容，最后兩部分重點(diǎn)介紹了訂閱費(fèi)用，所以是通過介紹《讀者文摘》使讀者訂閱的廣告。故選D。BForthe70percentoftheworld'spopulationwithoutanychanceofusingelectricwashingmachines,keepingupwithlaundrytakesupalotoftime.Anditisoftenapainfulphysicaltask.Thetaskfallsunreasonablytowomenandgirls,whocanspend20hoursaweekwashingclothes,oftenwithoutelectricityorrunningwater.LondonengineerNavjotSawhney,however,hascomeupwithanidea:aportableandlightweightwashingmachinethatissimilartoaplasticdrum.Italsodoesdoubledutyasadryer,andcostsaround$60.31-year-oldSawhneycallsittheDivya,afterthewomanwhoinspiredtheproject—hisformernext-doorneighbourinSouthIndia,wherehespentayearvolunteeringafterleavinghisjobasanengineerathigh-endvacuum(真空吸塵器)makerDyson.“WhenIgottoknowDivya,Iwassosadaboutalltheunpaidworksheneededtodo—cleaningclothes,”saysSawhney.In2018,hereturnedtotheUnitedKingdomtofound“TheWashingMachineProject”,whichisdevelopingawashingsolutionthatwillbeaffordable,portableandaccessibleforeveryone,everywhere.Afterafewmonthsofdevelopingamodel,hereceivedsomemoneyfromOxfam'sIraqResponseInnovationLab.SinceMarch2019,morethan150DivyashavebeengivenouttorefugeesinIraqthroughnon-profitpartners.“Theresponsewasgreat,”Sawhneysays.Hisgoalistodeliver8,000machinesin10countriesoverthenextthreeyears.Bysaving75percentofthetimeand50percentofthewaterrequiredtowashclothes,hesays,womenandgirlswillbefreertoaccepteducation.AsidefromtheDivya,Sawhneyhasalsoworkedonmakingfuel-efficientcookstoves,andplanstodeveloprefrigerators,conditioners,andlighting.Sawhneyseestheworld'sgrowingrefugeecrisisasacallforinnovation:“Thereisahugeneedforappliancesthatmakelifebetterforpeople.”4.WhatdidNavjotSawhneydotohelpthewomeninIndia?A.Hevolunteeredtowashclothesforthem.B.Heprovidedthemwithfreeaccesstoeducation.C.Hecalledonpeopleinhiscommunitytodonateclothes.D.Heworkedoutasolutionbyinventingawashingmachine.5.WhatinspiredNavjotSawhneytofoundtheproject?A.Hisneighbour'sexperience. B.HispreviousworkinDyson.C.Thesupportofasciencelab. D.TherequestofrefugeesinIraq.6.WhatcanweinferabouttheprojectinParagraph3?A.Itishighlypraised. B.Itfocusesoneducation.C.Ithascreatedmanyjobs. D.Ithasearnedalotofmoney.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNavjotSawhney?A.Selflessandhonest. B.Helpfulandserious.C.Caringandcreative. D.Thoughtfulandstrict.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。英國工程師NavjotSawhney在印度貧民窟受到啟發(fā)，發(fā)明了一款便攜式洗衣機(jī)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“LondonengineerNavjotSawhney,however,hascomeupwithanidea:aportableandlightweightwashingmachinethatissimilartoaplasticdrum.(然而，倫敦的工程師納夫喬特·索赫尼想出了一個想法：一臺類似于塑料鼓的便攜式輕質(zhì)洗衣機(jī)。)”可知，為了幫助印度的婦女,NavjotSawhney發(fā)明了一種洗衣機(jī)來解決這個問題。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“31-year-oldSawhneycallsittheDivya,afterthewomanwhoinspiredtheproject—hisformernext-doorneighbourinSouthIndia,wherehespentayearvolunteeringafterleavinghisjobasanengineerathigh-endvacuummakerDyson.(31歲的索尼稱之為“Divya”，因?yàn)檫@個項(xiàng)目的靈感來源——他在印度南部的前鄰居，在辭去高端真空制造商戴森的工程師工作后，他在那里花了一年時間做志愿者。)”可知，NavjotSawhney在印度做志愿服務(wù)時看到鄰居的洗衣經(jīng)歷，讓他有了創(chuàng)立“洗衣機(jī)項(xiàng)目”的靈感。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“SinceMarch2019,morethan150DivyashavebeengivenouttorefugeesinIraqthroughnon-profitpartners.‘Theresponsewasgreat,’Sawhneysays.(自2019年3月以來，已有150多名迪維亞人通過非營利性合作伙伴發(fā)放給了在伊拉克的難民。索赫尼說，反響很好。)”可知，這款洗衣機(jī)反響很好，由此推知，該項(xiàng)目得到很高的評價。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。文中講述了NavjotSawhney為了幫助印度貧困地區(qū)的婦女洗衣服而發(fā)明了洗衣機(jī)，由此可推知，他既有愛心又很有創(chuàng)造力。故選C。COurbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpretingambiguous(含混不清的)sounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.Thefindingspointtonewwaysweuseinformationandcontexttoaidinspeechcomprehension.“Whatapersonthinkstheyheardoesnotalwaysmatchtheactualsignalsthatreachtheear,”explainsleadauthorLauraGwilliams.“Thisisbecausethebrainre-evaluatestheinterpretationofaspeechsoundatthemomenteachfollowingspeechsoundisheardinordertoupdateinterpretationsasnecessary,”Gwilliamssays.It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we,aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.8.Whatisthestudymainlyabout?A.Whysomepeopleprocessinformationfaster. B.Howbrainstellapartusefulinformation.C.Howbrainsunderstandunclearwords. D.Whypeoplemakeunclearsounds.9.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbygivingtheexampleinParagraph3?A.Peoplearelikelytomistakeawordforsomethingfamiliar.B.Peoplecanunderstandotherseveniftheymishearaword.C.Peoplearemorelikelytomisheartheirfriends.D.Itisnormalforpeopletomakeunclearsounds.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheunclearwordsintheexperiments?A.Theystoppedusthinkingfurther. B.Theyledtomisunderstanding.C.Theywerenoticedinstantly. D.Theyseemedtobeuseless.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Thefollowingspeechsound. B.Theunclearlysoundingword.C.Thesimilarlysoundingword. D.Theisolatedsyllable.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新研究，我們的大腦在重新解釋模棱兩可的聲音時會使用一種“自動糾正”功能。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ourbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpretingambiguous(含混不清的)sounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.(新研究表明，我們的大腦具有一種“自動糾正”功能，該功能在我們重新解釋含混不清的聲音時會發(fā)揮作用。該研究揭示了大腦如何利用在發(fā)現(xiàn)初始聲音后收集到的信息來幫助理解語言)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的主要內(nèi)容是大腦如何理解不清晰的詞語。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we,aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”(眾所周知，對語音的感知是由其周圍的語境決定的，這些語境以單詞、句子和其他語音的形式存在。這在我們的日常生活中隨處可見——當(dāng)我們說話時，我們實(shí)際說出的內(nèi)容往往很模糊。例如，當(dāng)朋友說她車上有“凹痕”時，你可能會聽到“帳篷”。盡管這種模糊性經(jīng)常發(fā)生，但我們作為聽眾幾乎不會意識到這一點(diǎn)。“這是因?yàn)榇竽X會自動為我們解決這種模糊性——它會選擇一種解釋，而這就是我們感知到的內(nèi)容，”格威廉姆斯解釋道。“大腦這樣做的方式是利用周圍的語境來縮小說話者可能表達(dá)的意思范圍。”)”可推知，作者想通過第三段的例子說明即使聽錯了一個詞，人們也能聽懂別人說的話。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.(他們的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了三個主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦的初級聽覺皮層在聲音出現(xiàn)50毫秒后就對語音的歧義程度很敏感。大腦在解釋接下來的聲音時“重播”之前的聲音，暗示隨著單詞的展開重新評估。大腦會在半秒后做出“最佳猜測”來解釋信號)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中不清楚的單詞很快就被注意到了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.(他們的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了三個主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦的初級聽覺皮層在聲音出現(xiàn)50毫秒后就對語音的歧義程度很敏感。大腦在解釋接下來的聲音時“重播”之前的聲音，暗示隨著單詞的展開重新評估)”可知，他們的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了三個主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦的初級聽覺皮層在聲音出現(xiàn)50毫秒后就對語音的模糊程度很敏感。大腦在解釋接下來的聲音時“重播”之前的聲音，暗示隨著單詞的展開重新評估。大腦會在半秒后做出“最佳猜測”來解釋發(fā)音不清楚的單詞。故劃線詞意思“發(fā)音不清楚的單詞”。故選B項(xiàng)。DOnInaccessibleIsland,youhearthesoundoftheInaccessibleIslandrails(秧雞)everywhere.Thesmallflightlessbirdsmovearound,feedingonwormsandberries.Duringatripin2011,ittookdaysforStervander,thenadoctoralstudent,tospotone.“Eventhen,youseesomethinglittleanddark,runningforasecond,andthat’saboutit,”hesays.Catchingone,though,provedeasy.Whenscientistsplayedarecordingofthebird’scall,amaleandfemaleranintothenetafewminuteslater.InaccessibleIslandrailsliveonlyonInaccessibleIsland.“Nooneknewthehistory,”saysStervander,nowaresearchfellowattheUniversityofOregon.Heaimedtoanswerthequestionaboutthesebirds:HowdidtheygettoInaccessibleIslandtobeginwith?ThefirstscientisttodescribetherailwasPercyLowe.HethoughtthebirdwasfromAfricaandhadalwaysbeenflightless.Inhisview,ithadarrivedattheislandbywalkingoverlandbridges.Butnowthescienceofplatetectonics(板塊構(gòu)造論)suggeststhat’snotthecase.Inarecentpaper,Stervanderandhiscolleaguesgiveevidenceforadifferentversion.Afterstudyingthegenome(基因組)oftherails,scientistsfoundtheInaccessibleIslandrail’sclosestrelative—thecrakeinUruguay.BothbirdsarerelatedtotheblackrailinAmerica.Thefindingsuggeststheancestorsofthesebirdscouldfly.ThatmeansInaccessibleIslandrailsflewtotheirpresenthome,andlikemanybirdslivingonislandswithnopredators(捕食者),theygraduallylosttheabilitytofly.Flyingtakesenergy,soifthere’snoreasontofly,it’smorepracticalnotto.Onthisisland,there’sagrowingpopulationofrails,butthey’refragile.Shouldapredatorreachtheisland,itcouldmakequickworkofthebirds.PeopleonnearbyislandsarecarefultoavoidintroducinganypredatorstoInaccessibleIsland,andtheriskislow,givenhowharditistogetthere.Fornow,therailslivepeacefullyinaplacewherefewhumansareeagertogo.12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheInaccessibleIslandrails?A.Theyarehardtotrap. B.Theycanbeseeneverywhere.C.Theymovearoundquickly. D.Theyarenotafraidofhumans.13.WhatcausedtheInaccessibleIslandrailstobecomeflightless?A.Theirlackofenergy. B.Theirlivingenvironment.C.Theirwaytosearchforfood. D.Theirconnectionwiththeirancestors.14.WhichbestdescribesthepresentsituationoftheInaccessibleIslandrails?ASafe. B.Tough. C.Unexpected. D.Dangerous.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDevelopmentofRailsonInaccessibleIslandB.TheNeedtoProtectFlightlessInaccessibleIslandRailsC.HowDidtheFlightlessBirdGettoInaccessibleIsland?D.WhyareInaccessibleIslandRailsLimitedontheIsland?【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。文章描述了在伊納克塞瑟布爾島生活的一種無法飛行的秧雞，并分析了它們到達(dá)島嶼的方法和不會飛行的原因?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““Eventhen,youseesomethinglittleanddark,runningforasecond,andthat’saboutit,”hesays.(“即使在那個時候，你也會看到一個又小又黑的東西在跑，僅此而已，”他說)”可知，島上的秧雞行動敏捷，被人們看到后轉(zhuǎn)眼就跑沒影了。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThatmeansInaccessibleIslandrailsflewtotheirpresenthome,andlikemanybirdslivingonislandswithnopredators(捕食者),theygraduallylosttheabilitytofly.(這意味著伊納克塞瑟布爾島的秧雞飛到了它們現(xiàn)在的家，就像許多生活在沒有捕食者的島嶼上的鳥類一樣，它們逐漸失去了飛行的能力)”可知，秧雞的生活環(huán)境讓它們逐漸失去了飛行的能力。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“PeopleonnearbyislandsarecarefultoavoidintroducinganypredatorstoInaccessibleIsland,andtheriskislow,givenhowharditistogetthere.Fornow,therailslivepeacefullyinaplacewherefewhumansareeagertogo.(附近島嶼上的人們小心翼翼地避免將任何捕食者引入伊納克塞瑟布爾島，考慮到到達(dá)那里的難度，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很低。目前，這些秧雞平靜地生活在一個很少有人愿意去的地方)”推知，島上沒有捕食者，也幾乎沒有人類到達(dá)，所以它們目前是很安全的。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Heaimedtoanswerthequestionaboutthesebirds:HowdidtheygettoInaccessibleIslandtobeginwith?(他的目的是回答關(guān)于這些鳥的問題：它們是如何到達(dá)伊納克塞瑟布爾島的？)”和全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要就在伊納克塞瑟布爾島生活的沒有飛行能力的秧雞是如何到達(dá)這座島嶼的話題展開討論，介紹了科學(xué)家的相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，HowDidtheFlightlessBirdGettoInaccessibleIsland?(不會飛的鳥是如何到伊納克塞瑟布爾島的？)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Arewormstheheroeswedidn’tknowweneeded?Silent,slimyandwriggling(扭動),youmightthinkthatwormsaregoodfornothingexceptbait(誘餌)ontheendofafishingpole.____16____TheBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinsaidthatnootheranimalhas“playedsuchanimportantpartinthehistoryoftheworldastheselowlyorganisedcreatures”.TheyhavelivedonEarthfor600millionyearsandhaveevensurvivedfivemassextinctions.____17____Earthwormsliterallymovetheearth,andthisiswhyfarmerslovethem.Astheytravel,theyaerate(使透氣)thesoilbyloosening,mixingandoxygenatingit.____18____Theyareeffectivelyasmallbutveryefficientplough(犁).Butit’snotjustearthwormsthatdeservepraise.In2022,agroupofscientistsattheMargaritaSalasCentreforBiologicalResearchisolatedenzymes(酶)foundinwaxwormsaliva(唾液)whichareplastic-eating._____19_____It’shopedthatbyproducingtheseenzymesonanindustry-levelscale,wewillhaveamoreenvironmentallyfriendlywaytoreduceplasticpollution._____20_____Bloodwormsaresmallseacreatureswhichpressthemselvesintothemudoftheoceanfloor.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbarahavebeenstudyingtheirjaws,whicharemadeupof10%copperproteins(銅蛋白)andaresostrongthattheylasttheworm’sentirefive-yearlifespan.Becauseofthisresearch,engineersmaystartusingthejawsasinspirationforthedesignandmanufactureofmaterialslikeconcrete.So,nexttimeyouseeaworm,showitalittlerespect.Theyreallyarechangingtheworld!A.So,whatdowormsdothatissogreat?B.Wormshavealifespanofafewmonths.C.Andwormsareeveninspiringthebuildingindustry.D.Itincreasestheground’scapacitytoholdandemptywater.E.However,thereismoretothehumblewormthanmeetstheeye.F.Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.G.Thesecanbreakdownaverycommonplasticthatnormallybreaksdownovermanyyears.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.G20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了不起眼的蠕蟲實(shí)際上是我們需要的英雄，它們可以疏松土壤，更快地分解難以降解的塑料，甚至為建筑行業(yè)提供靈感?！?6題詳解】前文“Arewormstheheroeswedidn’tknowweneeded?Silent,slimyandwriggling(扭動),youmightthinkthatwormsaregoodfornothingexceptbait(誘餌)ontheendofafishingpole.(蠕蟲是我們不知道自己需要的英雄嗎？沉默、黏糊糊、蠕動著，你可能會認(rèn)為蠕蟲除了在魚竿末端做誘餌外別無用處)”提到人們通常認(rèn)為蠕蟲沒有特別的用處，后文段落具體介紹了蠕蟲的大作用。因此E項(xiàng)“However,thereismoretothehumblewormthanmeetstheeye.(然而，這條不起眼的蠕蟲并不像我們看到的那么簡單)”符合語境，指出蠕蟲其實(shí)并不簡單，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文段落內(nèi)容。故選E?！?7題詳解】前文“TheBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinsaidthatnootheranimalhas“playedsuchanimportantpartinthehistoryoftheworldastheselowlyorganisedcreatures”.TheyhavelivedonEarthfor600millionyearsandhaveevensurvivedfivemassextinctions.(英國博物學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文說，沒有其他動物“在世界歷史上扮演過像這些低等組織生物這樣重要的角色”。它們在地球上生活了6億年，甚至在五次大滅絕中幸存下來)”引用達(dá)爾文的話，強(qiáng)調(diào)蠕蟲的重要性，并提到蠕蟲頑強(qiáng)的生存能力，后文段落介紹蠕蟲的奇特之處。因此A項(xiàng)“So,whatdowormsdothatissogreat?(那么，蠕蟲有什么了不起的地方呢)”符合語境，承接前文，以問題的形式引出對蠕蟲了不起之處的探究，引出后文的具體介紹。故選A?！?8題詳解】前文“Earthwormsliterallymovetheearth,andthisiswhyfarmerslovethem.Astheytravel,theyaerate(使透氣)thesoilbyloosening,mixingandoxygenatingit.(蚯蚓可以移動土地，這就是為什么農(nóng)民喜歡它們。在移動過程中，它們通過松動、混合和充氧使土壤透氣)”介紹蚯蚓幫助松動土壤，讓土壤透氣。因此D項(xiàng)“Itincreasestheground’scapacitytoholdandemptywater.(這增加了地面蓄水和排水的能力)”符合語境，指出這樣對地面蓄水和排水方面的幫助，承接前文。故選D。【19題詳解】前文“In2022,agroupofscientistsattheMargaritaSalasCentreforBiologicalResearchisolatedenzymes(酶)foundinwaxwormsaliva(唾液)whichareplastic-eating.(2022年，MargaritaSalas生物研究中心的一組科學(xué)家從蠟蟲唾液中分離出了能吃塑料的酶。)”提到科學(xué)家們分離出了能吃塑料的酶。因此G項(xiàng)“Thesecanbreakdownaverycommonplasticthatnormallybreaksdownovermanyyears.(它們可以分解一種很常見的塑料，這種塑料通常需要很多年才能分解)”符合語境，介紹這種酶的巨大作用，承接前文，其中These指代前文的enzymes。故選G?！?0題詳解】空處位于段首，應(yīng)該是段落中心句，和前面兩個段落并列，繼續(xù)介紹蠕蟲的大作用。后文“ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbarahavebeenstudyingtheirjaws,whicharemadeupof10%copperproteins(銅蛋白)andaresostrongthattheylasttheworm’sentirefive-yearlifespan.Becauseofthisresearch,engineersmaystartusingthejawsasinspirationforthedesignandmanufactureofmaterialslikeconcrete.(加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉分校的科學(xué)家們一直在研究它們的下顎，它們的下顎由10%的銅蛋白質(zhì)組成，非常堅(jiān)固，可以維持這種蠕蟲整整五年的壽命。由于這項(xiàng)研究，工程師們可能會開始使用顎作為設(shè)計(jì)和制造混凝土等材料的靈感)”主要介紹通過研究這種下顎，工程師們得到一些建筑方面的靈感。因此C項(xiàng)“Andwormsareeveninspiringthebuildingindustry.(蠕蟲甚至給建筑行業(yè)帶來了靈感)”符合語境，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewmonthsago,Iwasdownwithaterriblecoldwhichendedinabadcough.NomatterhowmanydifferentmedicinesItried,I___21___couldn’tgetridofthecough.Notonlydidit___22___myteachingbutalsomylifeasawhole.Thenonedayafterclass,astudentcameuptomeand___23___traditionalChinesemedicine.Fromherdescription,Chinesemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpowerthat___24___.Iwas___25___becauseIknewsolittleaboutitandhavenevertrieditbefore.___26___,mycoughgotsomuchworsethatIcouldn’tsleepatnight,soIdecidedtogiveita___27___.TheChinesedoctortookmypulseandaskedtoseemytongue,bothofwhichwerenewexperiencetomebecausetheyareboth___28___inWesternmedicine,wherediagnosisreliesheavilyon___29___.Thenthedoctorgavemeascraping(刮)treatmentknownas“GuaSha”.Iwasalittle___30___atfirstbecauseheusedasmoothedgedtooltoscrapetheskinonmyneckandshoulders.Afewminuteslater,thetreatmentstartedtoproducea___31___effectandmybodyandmindbegantosinkdeeperinto___32___.Ididn’tfeelanyimprovementinmy___33___inthefirstcoupleofdays,butafterafewmoreregularvisitstothedoctor,mycoughstartedto___34___.Thenwithinamatterofweeks,itwascompletely___35___!21.A.still B.even C.currently D.certainly22.A.facilitate B.benefit C.inconvenience D.change23.A.recommended B.sold C.prescribed D.adopted24.A.settrends B.broughtrewards C.changedrules D.workedwonders25.A.excited B.hesitant C.optimistic D.nervous26.A.Consequently B.Eventually C.Admittedly D.Surprisingly27.A.break B.look C.shot D.miss28.A.frequently-used B.nonexistent C.highly-recommended D.noneffective29.A.doctors B.hospitals C.symptoms D.machines30.A.unsatisfied B.tired C.disappointed D.scared31.A.relieving B.damaging C.stimulating D.cooling32.A.relaxation B.pain C.uneasiness D.depression33.A.capability B.strength C.condition D.circumstance34.A.worsen B.lessen C.lengthen D.quicken35.A.unexpected B.fine C.different D.gone【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.B27.C28.B29.D30.D31.A32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者咳嗽了很久且多少藥都不管用?？人試?yán)重影響了作者的教學(xué)和生活。后來在學(xué)生的推薦下，作者去看了中醫(yī)。經(jīng)過幾周治療，作者完全康復(fù)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不管我試了多少藥，我還是治不好咳嗽。A.still仍然；B.even甚至；C.currently當(dāng)前；D.certainly當(dāng)然。根據(jù)“NomatterhowmanydifferentmedicinesItried”可知，不管作者用了多少不同的藥，仍然治不好咳嗽。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這不僅給我的教學(xué)帶來了不便，也給我的整個生活帶來了不便。A.facilitate促進(jìn)；B.benefit使受益；C.inconvenience給……帶來不便；D.change改變。根據(jù)前文“I___1___couldn’tgetridofthecough.”可知，咳嗽給作者的教學(xué)和整個生活都帶來了不便。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來有一天下課后，一個學(xué)生走過來向我推薦中醫(yī)。A.recommended推薦；B.sold出售；C.prescribed開處方；D.adopted采用。根據(jù)后文“Fromherdescription,Chinesemedicinesoundedasifithadmagicpowerthat___4___.”可知，有一天下課，一個學(xué)生來找作者并推薦了中醫(yī)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：從她的描述中，中醫(yī)聽起來好像有神奇的力量，可以創(chuàng)造奇跡。A.settrends引領(lǐng)潮流；B.broughtrewards帶來回報(bào)；C.changedrules改變規(guī)則；D.workedwonders創(chuàng)造奇跡。根據(jù)“asifithadmagicpower”可知，中醫(yī)聽起來好像有產(chǎn)生奇妙的作用的神奇力量。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很猶豫，因?yàn)槲覍λ跎?，以前也從未嘗試過。A.excited興奮