2024新版英語15.介詞

什么是介詞?介詞又叫做前置詞，是一種虛詞。一、介詞的分類1.按照介詞的組合，可分為簡單介詞、復(fù)合介詞和短語介詞。簡單介詞：是指單一介詞，如：at,in,of,by,about,for,from,except,since,near,with等。復(fù)合介詞：是指由兩個簡單介詞組成的介詞，如：inside,outside,onto,into,throughout,wthout.upon等。短語介詞：由短語構(gòu)成的介詞，如：infrontof,bymeansof,onbehaltof,inspiteof,bywayof,infavorof,inregardto等。2.按詞義分類介詞類別—表示地點(包括動向)about,above,across,after,along,among,around,at,belfore,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without...表示時間at,in,on,by,after,before,since,for,during,within,throughout,over,until/till,berween...表示原因becauseof,owingto,dueto,for,with...表示方式、方法或手段by,in,with...表示“除……外”except,besides,but,exceptfor...表示“數(shù)量”about,around,over...表示“關(guān)于”的on,about...表示“所屬”“部分與整體關(guān)系”of1)

表示地點（包括動向）的介詞①

at,in,on,

toat表示在小地方:Iarrive

at

school

atnineeverymorning.我每天早上九點到校。表示“在……附近，旁邊”TheSmithsare

at

thebeach.史密斯一家在沙灘上。

in表示在大地方：WhendidyouarriveinBeljing？你什么時候到北京的？表示“在……范圍之內(nèi)”:Thepenclisinthepencl-box.鉛筆在鉛筆盒里。

on表示毗鄰，接壤，“在………上面”MongoliaisonthenorthofChina.蒙古在中國的北面。表示在某物體上面并與之接觸：Heputhiswatchonthetable.他把手表放桌上。

to表示“在……范圍外”不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤：或“到……”：JapanistotheeastofChina.日本在中國的東面。

②above,overabove指“在……上方”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與below相對：Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.鳥兒在我頭頂上飛過。

over指垂直的上方，與under相對，over有覆蓋的含義在里面：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.江上有座橋。

③below,underunder表示“在……正下方”：Thereisacatunderthetable.桌子下面有只貓。

below表示“在……下方”，不一定在正下方：Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.請在線的下方寫上您的名字。④infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，兩者互不包括：其反義詞是behind（在……的后面）：Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.房子前面有些花卉。Inthefrontof“在……的前部，即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部，反義詞是atthebackof.（在……范圍內(nèi)的后部）：Thereisablackboardinthefrontofourclassroom.我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。

⑤beside,behind,nearbeside表示“在……旁邊”：TomsitsbesideBen.湯姆坐在本的旁邊。

behind表示“在……后面”：Thefountainisbehindthehill.噴泉在假山后面。

near表示“在……附近”（范圍比較廣）：Don'tstandnearthelake,children.孩子們，不要站在河邊。Nearmyhome,thereisasupermarket.在我家附近有一家超市。

⑥between,amongBetween（指時間、空間、順序等）在……之間（兩者之間）：Theyplantedalotoftreesbetweenthetwobuldings.他們在兩座建筑物之間栽了許多樹。

Thesebookswerewrittenbetween1736and1770.這些書寫于1736年至1770年之間。

（指數(shù)量、距離、程度等）介于……之間（兩者之間）Heisamanbetweensixtyandseventy.他的年齡約在60到70之間。

連接著………；來往于……之間（兩者之間）：Thereisapathbetweenthehouseandtheroad.有條小路將房子與出路連接起來。among（表示位置）處在……中，為……所環(huán)繞，為……所環(huán)抱：Hewassitigamongagroupofchidren,tellingthemastory.他正坐在一群孩子中間講故事。

（表示范圍）在……之內(nèi)，在…一類之中，是……中之一，在……群中：Sheisthetallestamongherclassmates.她在她同學(xué)之中是最高的。

小提醒between作為介詞使用時往往會和and一起出現(xiàn)，如果沒有出現(xiàn)，則后面的名詞必須為復(fù)數(shù)形式，例：★Thetableis

betweenthetreeandthebench.桌子在樹和長凳的中間。★Thetableis

betweenthetrees.

桌子在樹的中間。

地點（動向）介詞往往也會搭配一些動詞，以動詞詞組的方式出現(xiàn)在句中。⑦up/down（含義相反）Thecarisrunningupthehill.汽車正向山上開來。Thecarisrunningdownthehill.汽車正向山下開去。

⑧on/of（含義相反）Wegetonthetrainatnineandgetoffthetrainatfive.我們九點上火車，五點下火車。

⑨t(yī)hrough/across（含義相近）Gostraignt

through

thatdoor,please.請從那道門直穿過去。Wedrove

through

thetunnel.我們開車穿過了隧道。Youmustnotrun

across

theroad.你不要跑過馬路。Abridgewaslaid

across

theriver.一座橋橫架河上。小提醒a(bǔ)cross和through都有“穿過，通過”的意思。但across往往指的是在物體的表面通過，而through指的是從物體的中間通過。

⑩along/by（含義相近）Shewalked

along

thepath.她沿著小路走去。Ilooked

along

thelengthofthebuilding.我的視線掠過整幢大樓。Hewalked

by

mewithoutspeaking.他從我身邊走過,什么也沒說。Mybrothergoes

by

thebuildingeveryday.我哥哥每天經(jīng)過這幢大樓。

小提醒a(bǔ)long和by雖都有“在邊上”的意思，但兩者在空間上略有不同。along更強(qiáng)調(diào)“沿著”，有一種延伸感；而by可以包括附近的地帶。2)

表示時間的介詞①ina.表示“在某年/月/季節(jié)”這個含義時，須用介詞in。年月季節(jié)in1980in

Januaryin

springb.表示“從現(xiàn)在起一段時間以后”時，須用介詞in。Theywillgotoseeyou

in

aweek.他們一周以后來看你。c.表示“在某年代或世紀(jì)”時，須用介詞in。Thismachinewasinvented

in

theeighteenthcentury.這個機(jī)器是18世紀(jì)發(fā)明的。d.除此之外，morning/evening/afternoon三個詞也常跟介詞in連用。in

themorning/in

theafternoon/in

theevening(早晨/下午/傍晚）Thesunrises

in

themorning.太陽在早晨升起。②

ona.表示特定的某一天早上、中午、晚上。on

May10th,1982on

asnowymorningon

asummerafternoonb.表示“在星期幾”或“在星期幾的早上、中午、晚上”。on

Mondayon

weekdayson

Saturdaymorningc.表示“在某一節(jié)日"時，須用介詞on。on

Mid-autumnFestivalon

Teachers'Day

小提醒在一些特定的情況下morning,afternon,evening用in：in

theearlymorningofAugust10th在8月10日的清晨in

thelateafternoonofOctober16th在10月16日的傍晚③ata.表示”某一具體時刻“。Igetup

at

sixthirtyeverymorning.我每天早晨六點半起床。b.用在特定的時間或是節(jié)日。Theywerehappy

at

thattime.他們那時很幸福。Whatdoyoudo

at

Christmas？你們圣誕節(jié)一般做什么？c.表示“在中午、在夜晚、在周末”時。Whatdoyouoftendo

at

noon？你中午經(jīng)常做些什么？Youcanseemanystarsinthesky

at

night.夜晚你能看到天空中有許多星星。d.表示“在……歲”時。At

theageofnine，theboycouldswimwell.在九歲的時候，這孩子就游泳游得很好了。3）表手段、方式的介詞by，in，with等。①by+交通工具，指的是所用的交通方式。by

boat

by

train坐火車by

taxi坐出租車

by

bus坐公共汽車by

bike騎自行車

by

boat坐船by

plane坐飛機(jī)②inTheypaid

in

cash.他們用現(xiàn)金支付。CanIspeak

in

Chinese？我可以用中文說嗎？Pleasereadit

in

ahighvoice.請響亮地朗讀。③withWith

theeyes，Icansee.我用眼睛看。Icuttheapple

with

asharpknife.我用一把鋒利的刀削蘋果。Tomdrewthepicture

with

apencil.湯姆用鉛筆畫畫。4）小學(xué)階段的一些常見的介詞及其用法①ofa.（屬于）….的Heisafriend

of

mine.他是我的一個朋友。b.由....組成（或構(gòu)成）Thisisacake

of

sugar.這是一塊糖做的蛋糕。c.含有（或裝有）….的Apacket

of

biscuitsplease.請給我一包餅干。d.表示數(shù)量或種類Thetigereatstenkilos

of

meateveryday.老虎每天要吃十公斤肉。e.由于、因為Shedied

of

illness.她是病死的。of的一些重要詞組*becauseofHeleft

becauseof

hisfail.他因失敗而離開。*beafraidofI

amafraidof

spiders.我害怕蜘蛛。*alotofThereis

alotof

sunshine.陽光很好。*allkindsofThereare

allkindsof

fruitsinthebasket.籃子里有各種水果。②fora.表示“當(dāng)作、作為"Ilikesomebreadandmilk

for

breakfast.我早餐喜歡吃面包和牛奶。Whatwillwehave

for

supper？我們晚餐吃什么？b.表示理由或原因，意為“因為、由于”Thankyou

for

helpingmewithmyEnglish.謝謝你幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語。Thankyou

for

yourlastletter.謝謝你上次的來信。Thankyou

for

teachingussowell.感謝你如此盡心地教我們。c.表示動作的對象或接受者，意為“給…”、“對….（而言）"Letmepickitup

for

you.讓我為你撿起來。Here'ssomewater

for

you.這是給你的水。Smokingisbad

for

yourhealth.吸煙對你的健康不利。d.表示時間、距離，意為"計、達(dá)"lusuallydotherunning

for

anhourinthemorning.我早晨通常跑步一小時。Wewillstaythere

for

twodays.我們將在那里逗留兩天。e.表示去向、目的，意為“向、往、取、買”等Let'sgo

for

awalk.我們出去散步吧。Icamehere

for

myschoolbag.我來這兒取書包。Ipaidtwentyyuan

for

thedictionary.我這本字典花了20元。f.表示所屬關(guān)系或用途，意為“為、適于…..的”It'stime

for

school.到上學(xué)的時間了。Hereisaletter

for

you.這兒有你的一封信。g.表示"支持、贊成”Areyou

for

thisplanoragainstit？你是支持還是反對這個計劃？h.用于一些固定搭配中*waitfor等待Whoareyou

waitingfor？你在等誰？*forexample舉個例子Forexample

Mr.Greenisakindteacher.比如，格林先生是一位心地善良的老師。*famousfor因....而著名Suzhouis

famousfor

itsoldbuildings.蘇州因它的一些古老的建筑而聞名。*latefor遲到Don'tbe

latefor

school，again.上學(xué)不要再遲到了。*readyfor為….準(zhǔn)備Areyou

readyfor

theclass？你們準(zhǔn)備好上課了嗎？③froma.表示從....來Icome

from

Canada.我來自加拿大。b.表示分離，作“分開”“分離”“隔開”“離開”解。Theapplefell

from

thetree.蘋果從樹上掉下來了。c.表示“禁止”“戒除”等含義Heissafe

from

danger.他脫離危險了。d.表示“不在”“缺席”等。Shewasabsent

from

theclassyesterday.她昨天沒有上課。e.常用詞組*farawayfromThefactoryis

farawayfrom

hisflat.工廠離他所住的公寓很遠(yuǎn)。*bedifferentfromWeshouldbe

differentfrom

otherssometimes.有時我們應(yīng)該與別人有所不同。*fromnowonFromnowon，wewillworkharder.從現(xiàn)在起，我們要更努力工作。*hearfromHowoftendoyou

hearfrom

yourparents？你多久收到你父母的信一次？④toa.表示有某種從屬關(guān)系Haveyougottheanswer

to

thequestion？你知道問題的答案了嗎？b.表示目的，結(jié)果Thankyouforyourcoming

to

seeme.謝謝你來看我。C.表示給，向Givesomesweets

to

thechildren，please.請給孩子們一些糖果。d.常用詞組*closeto靠近Theshipkept

closeto

thecoast.那條船靠近海岸航行。*nextto相鄰Bensits

nextto

Mary.本坐在瑪麗旁邊。*lookforwardto盼望We

look

forwardto

hearingfromyou.我們期盼你的來信。*beableto能夠He

isableto

liftthestone.他可以舉起石頭。*leadto通向Willthenewroad

leadto

thechurch？新修的路會通向教堂嗎？⑤abouta.附近；周圍；各處Therewerealotofflowers

about

thehouse.房子周圍有許多花。Wewalked

about

thetown.我們在城里到處走動。b.關(guān)于：有關(guān)Thestoryis

about

giants.這是關(guān)于巨人們的故事。What'shetalking

about？他在說什么？c.大約Heleftthere

about

teno'clock.他大約在十點鐘離開了那里。d.常用詞組*talkabout談?wù)?，討論Areyou

talkingabout

me？你們在談?wù)撐覇幔?lookabout環(huán)顧四周Themankept

lookingabout.這個人不停地環(huán)顧四周。*thinkabout思考，考慮Please

thinkabout

itcarefully.請仔細(xì)地思考一下。*bringabout帶來，導(dǎo)致Thiswill

bringabout

profoundimpacts.這將帶來深刻影響。*what/howabout...怎么樣Whatabout

youropinion？你的觀點是什么？

練習(xí)題練習(xí)一一、填空1.thefirstday________school

2._______theschoolplayground3._________classes

4._________Wednesday5.__________afarm

6.pull_________carrots7.alot_______fruittrees

8.live_________atown9.________theweekends

10._________thesittingroom

11.________the4th______November

12.look_______them13.________NewYear

14._________ChristmasDay

15.dress________________costumes二、選擇題()1.___theafternoonofMay,wevisitedtheoldman.A.OnB.AtC.In()2.Manypeoplework___thedayandsleep___night.A.on;atB.in;inC.in;at()3.HespeaksJapanesebest____theboystudents.A.betweenB.withC.among()4.Awolf___asheepskinisourdangerousenemy.A.withB.inC.on()5.Joanhopestocomeback___threedays.A.afterB.forC.in()6.Theysentthelettertome___mistake.A.byB.forC.with()7.Helefthome___acoldwinterevening.A.atB.onC.in()8.Shanghaiis____theeastofChina.A.inB.onC.to()9.____myfather’shelp,Ihavefinishedmycomposition.A.UnderB.OnC.with()10.He’sverystrict____himselfandhe’sverystrict___hiswork.A.with;inB.in;withC.with;with

練習(xí)二一選用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.

We

willstay___there____two

days.2.

I

stay

____the

lab___9

o’clock.3.

Liu

Yingao

often

goes____school____six

thirty____the

morning.4.

Ido

my

homework___7:00

pm___8:30

pm

every

day.5.

The

teacher

is

coming

back____an

hour.6.

Healways

arrives___time____time

of

an

appointment.7.

Thepoliceman

arrives____time

and

caught

the

thief____a

flash.8.

Theletter

passed____one____another____everyone

had

read

it.9.

It

is

a

week____they

left____Japan.10.

Mycousin

joined

the

army____September

last

year.11.

It’s

been

100

years____the

May

Fourth

Movement

took

place____May

4,1919.12.

I’ll

be____home____Sundaymorning.13.

Ithink

they

will

catch

up____a

few

minutes.14.

I

stopped____the

night___a

small

village

while

I

was___holiday

in

the

Himalayas

a

few

years

ago.15.

He

got

up

late____the

morning

and

had

a

meal___noon.16.

The

play

begins___6:40pm.So

we

have

to

be____the

theatre

____6:30pm____the

latest.17.

Easteris

always____a

Sunday____March22nd

____April

25th.18.

We

must

fight

on____the

end.19.

The

girl

lingered____the

lake_____it

was

dark.20.

——The

Silk

Road

has

been

a

bridge

between

the

East

and

the

West____over

2,000years.

——Yes,it

began_____(在···期間）the

Western

Han

Dynasty.21.

Leileimust

finish

painting

the

girl_____five

minutes.二、單項選擇1.

____the

exam,we’ll

say

goodbye____our

dear

teachers,classmates

as

well

as

our

beautiful

school.A.

In;for

B.After;to

C.

Through;to

D.For;for2.

Armstrongwas

the

first

man

to

walk____the

moon_____20,July1969.A.

in;on

B.at;at

C.on;on

D.to;at3.

It’s

so

cold

outside.Remember

to

close

the

door____you

when

you

leave.A.

behind

B.with

C.before

D.beside

4.

My

birthday

this

year

will

come____five

days.A.

during

B.for

C.in

D.after5.

Don’t

stay

inside____such

a

sunny

morning.A.on

B.in

C.from

D.at6.

My

family

will

have

a

party____the

evening

of

March

2nd

.A.

in

B.on

C.at

D.until7.

Theyusually

go

shopping____their

lunch

break.A.

against

B.among

C.between

D.during8.

Ted

was

very

rude

at

school

when

he

was

young,nobody

liked

him____.A.

in

time

B.

at

the

time

C.

at

times

D.

on

time9.

Childrenget

gifts____Christmas

and____their

birthdays.A.

on;on

B.

at;onC.

in;inD.

in;on10.

Whydid

you

get

up

so

early____this

morning?A.

on

B./

C.at

D.in

11.

He

went

to

Tokyo____April

1st

,2020

and

came

back____a

cold

morning

last

year.A.

in;in

B.in;on

C.on;on

D.on;in12.

Mr

Liu

was

born____the

morning

of

December20th

,1999.A.

in

B.on

C.

at

D.to13.

Mrs

Li

will

move____Puyang____May,2024.A.

/;in

B.to;in

C.to;on

D.in;in14.

He

arrived____Tokyo____half

past

ten____June5th

.A.

at;at;in

B.

in;at;inC.

in;at;onD.

to;at;on15.

____nowon;Iwill

learn

English____Saturdaymorning.A.

Since;on

B.From;

on

C.For;in

D.During;in16.

Wehad

learned

1,000

English

words____the

end

of

last

term.A.

at

B.in

C.during

D.by17.

Liu

Yingao

had

finished

her

homework____the

time

I

got

home.A.

until

B.by

C.at

D.when18.

Suffering

from

the

terrible

earthquake,the

victims

often

awake

several

times____the

night

and

sometimes

they

even

can’t

sleep____night.A.

in;at

B.at;in

C.during;in

D.in;during19.

Zhipeng

went

abroad

for

further

education____a

few

weeks.Yingao

will

go

abroad

for

further

education____a

few

weeks.A.

in;in

B.after;after

C.in;after

D.after;in20.

BothPingandYewillgetmarriedthis

year.

Ping

is

going

to

begin

their

honeymoon___Christmas

while

Ye____New

Year’s

Day.A.

on;on

B.at;at

C.at;on

D.in;during參考答案一

選用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.

/;for

2.

at;until3.

to;at;in4.

from;to5.

in6.

on;in7.

in;in8.

from;to;until9.

since;for10.

in11.

since;on12.

at;on

13.

in14.

for;in;on15.

in;at16.

at;at;by;at17.

on;between;and18.

until/till19.

by;until20.

for;during21.

within二、單項選擇1-5BCACA6-10BDBBB11-15CBBCB16-20DBADC練習(xí)三一

選用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.

We

traveled

____

Jiaozuo

_____Puyang.2.

Puyang

lies

____

the

southeast

of

Anyang.3.

Xinjiang

lies

_____

the

west

of

China.4.

Japan

lies

_____

the

east

of

China.5.

He

will

arrive_____

Shanghai

at

noon.6.

What

time

shall

we

arrive

____

the

store?7.

Look!There

is

an

apple____the

tree,___

which

are

also

two

birds8.

Please

stay

____the

house.I’ll

be

right____there.9.

The

bird

is

flying____my

head.10.

Conan

isn’t

____

school.He

is

____home.11.

The

map

of

China

is___the

wall.12.

There

are

some

big

trees

_________(在···前面)our

classroom.13.

Puyang

is

___Henan

Province.14.

Mr

Liu

lives___Xinhua

Street,Miss

Li

lives____Daqing

Road

,Holmes

lives___221

Baker

Street.15.

He

arrived____London____England

last

week.16.

We

will

meet____Puyang

____Henan.17.

You

can

see

many

hills

and

rivers

____

the

plane.18.

Liu

Yingao

sits

______

Shantong

and

Zhipeng.19.

There

are

some

differences

_____

the

three

of

them.20.

He

jumped____

the

river.21.

They

are

waiting

____

a

bus

____

the

bus

stop.22.

It

took

us

over

an

hour

to

walk

____this

street.23.

He

is

sitting____

the

children.24.

Come

and

sit

_____

me.25.

She

writes____her

parents

once

a

week

二、單項選擇1.

Students

here

often

do

physics

experiments____small

groups.A.

by

B.in

C.with

D.at2.

More

and

more

people

in

shanghai

go

to

work

______subway

now.A.

withB.

onC.

inD.

by3.

This

story

is

_____simple

English.My

little

sister

can

read

it.A.

for

B.in

C.with

D.by4.

You

can

improve

your

English_____listening

to

English

songs.A.

byB.

withC.

forD.

in5.

I

made

coat____my

own

hands.It

was

made____hand

not

with

a

machine.A.

in;in

B.

in;withC.

with;byD.

with;with6.

English

is

widely

used____travelers

and

business

people

all

over

the

world.A.

to

B.

forC.

asD.

by7.

——Tom,you

are

wanted____the

phone.

——Thanks

a

lot.A.

onB.

byC.

inD.

for8.

What’s

time_____your

watch,please?A.

on