湖北省宜荊荊恩4地2024-2025學年高三上學期開學考試英語試題（解析版）

“宜荊荊恩”2025屆高三9月起點考試英語試卷本試卷共12頁。全卷滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘?！镒？荚図樌镒⒁馐马棧?.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對活后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoesthewomanprefertouseforlearningSpanish?A.TheSpanishCDB.Thetextbook.C.Thecomputer.2.Howdoesthewomansuggesttravelingaroundtheisland?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Byship.3.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Takeaninterview.B.Takeacourse.C.Gotraveling.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atthetheater.B.Inarestaurant.C.AttheLostandFound.5.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrowafternoon?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對活或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒仲的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6、7題。6.Whatcolorpensdoesthemanneed?A.Black.B.Blue.C.Red.7.Wherecanthemanfindthepens?A.Onthecomputer.B.Inthedrawer.C.Inthecupboard.請聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題8.Whatbusinessdothespeakersprobablyrun?A.Agym.B.Acafé.C.ATravelcompany.9.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtomakemoney.B.Howtoreducecosts.C.Howtotrainemployees.請聽第8段材料J可答第10至12題。10.Howoldisthemannow?A.28.B.31.C.33.11.Whatdoesthemanprobablymakenow?A.TVcommercials.B.Shortfilms.C.Featurefilms.12.WhydidthemanseldomworkoutdoorsinEngland?A.Becauseoftheweather.B.Becauseofthemoney.C.Becauseoftheworkplace.請聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutStephen?AHe’sperformedbadly.B.He’simprovedalot.C.He’sgothighmarks.14.HowdoesStephenbehaveinmusicclass?A.Heistalkative.B.Heisconcentrated.C.Heisserious.15.InwhichsubjectdidStephengetagoodmark?A.History.B.Music.C.Geography.16.WhatdoesStephentakeaninterestin?A.SpeakingFrench.B.LearningaboutChina.C.Practicingtheguitar.請聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoisthespeakerprobablyspeakingto?A.First-yearuniversitystudents.B.Third-yearuniversitystudents.C.Final-yearhighschoolstudents.18.Whatdidthespeaker’sparentscaremostabouthisuniversity?A.Itslocation.B.Itsaccommodation.C.Itscoursefees.19.Whohelpedthespeakermostontheuniversityopenday?A.Tutors.B.Fellowstudents.C.Socialprogramofficers.20.Whatdoesthespeakerstronglyrecommendreading?A.Thecoursematerials.B.Theunitguide.C.Thecourseintroduction.第二部分閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2.5分，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項標號涂黑。AInSwitzerland,avarietyofuniquefestivalstakeplacethroughouttheyear,eachofferingadistinctculturalexperienceandunforgettablemomentsforlocalsandvisitorsalike.Thefollowingarethreetypicalfestivals.Mid-January:GrindelwaldWorldSnowFestivalEveryyearsculptorsfromallovertheworldgatherinGrindelwald.Duringthissix-dayfestival,thestreetsofthesnowytownbecomeanawesomemuseumwithtemporarycreationsdecoratingeverycorner.Thewhitestatuesaregreatlyattractivetobothlocalsandtourists.June:FêtedelaMusique,GenevaFêtedelaMusiquerunsannually,takingoverthestreetsofLausanneeverysummer.Over50placesshowoffmusiciansfromacrosstheglobe,celebratingarangeofmusic.Itisworthnotingthatmostroadsareblockedduringthefestival,anditisbesttotravelbypublictransport.TheGenevaFêtedelaMusiquethisyearwasheldfrom22-27June.July-August:FêtedesVignerons,VeveyTheFêtedesVigneronstakesplaceevery20yearsinVevey,whichisfullofactivities,historyandcenturies-oldtraditionsandwasthefirstSwissintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))includedintotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2016.Thelatestfestivalwasheldfrom18Julyto11August2019.1.WhatdoGrindelwaldWorldSnowFestivalandFêtedelaMusiquehaveincommon?A.Theycauseheavytraffic. B.Theyattractglobalsculptors.C.Theyhavethesameduration. D.Theyfeaturelivemusicshows.2.WhatdoweknowaboutFêtedesVignerons?A.Itlastsmorethanamonth. B.Itisheldonayearlybasis.C.ItgotUNESCOrecognition. D.Itisagatheringofmusicians.3.Whichcolumnofamagazineisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.CulturalExploration. B.PhotographyandArt.C.GeographicalFeatures. D.OpinionsandAnalysis.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了瑞士極具特色的三個節(jié)日?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Duringthissix-dayfestival(在這個為期六天的節(jié)日期間)”以及第三段“TheGenevaFêtedelaMusiquethisyearwasheldfrom22-27June.?(今年的日內(nèi)瓦音樂節(jié)于6月22日至27日舉行)”可知，格林德瓦世界冰雪節(jié)和日內(nèi)瓦音樂節(jié)的持續(xù)時間相同。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“TheFêtedesVigneronstakesplaceevery20yearsinVevey,whichisfullofactivities,historyandcenturies-oldtraditionsandwasthefirstSwissintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))includedintotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2016.(沃韋葡萄酒節(jié)每20年在沃韋舉行一次，這里充滿了活動、歷史和數(shù)百年的傳統(tǒng)，是2016年第一個被列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)名錄的瑞士非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))”可知，沃韋葡萄酒節(jié)被列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)名錄，得到了聯(lián)合國教科文組織的認可。故選C。3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“InSwitzerland,avarietyofuniquefestivalstakeplacethroughouttheyear,eachofferingadistinctculturalexperienceandunforgettablemomentsforlocalsandvisitorsalike.Thefollowingarethreetypicalfestivals.(在瑞士，全年都會舉辦各種獨特的節(jié)日，每個節(jié)日都為當?shù)厝撕陀慰吞峁┆毺氐奈幕w驗和難忘的時刻。以下是三個典型的節(jié)日)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了瑞士極具特色的三個節(jié)日及其慶祝習俗和文化特色，推測文章可能出自文化探索欄目。故選A。BBiancaMavrick’sfirstattemptinthejewelleryworldwasasanenterprising(有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的)10-year-old,sellingseashellearringsattheClevelandmarkets.Nowthe28-year-oldhasherownstudioinMoorooka,inBrisbane’ssouth,andherhandmadedesignsenjoyworldwidepopularityamongfans.“It’samazingtobesellinginternationally.Whenyoudoacreativebusiness,you’regoingtohavetoworkhardanditwilltakeafewyearstogetofftheground,butit’sreallygrowingfastnow,”shesays.Biancaopenedheronlinestorein2014.Productionhappensinherstudio,withhelpfromonestaffmemberandsometimeshergrandma.“Mygrandmaenjoyssittingwiththegirls.Sheactsasakindofqualitycontrollerandhelpswithpackingandputtingbarcodes(條形碼)onthings,”Biancasays.Biancalaughsassherecallslookingthroughhergrandmother’spileofcostumejewelleryasachild.“ShehadanamazingcollectionandIwasallowedtohavesomeofthebrokenpiecesandfixthemuptosellalongsidetheshellearringsonmystand,”shesays.MumandDadopenedanaccountformeandputtheprofitsaway.EventhenIknewIwantedtoworkwithjewellery.Allofmyhobbiesalwaysrelatedbacktomyjewellery.I’malwayslookingforinspiration,whetherI’mvisitinganartgalleryorlookingatfurnitureformyapartment.NextmonthBiancawilljoinothertalentedQueenslandartistsanddesignerstoshowhercreationsattheMAYOArtsFestival,namedafterwell-knownAustraliansculptorDaphneMayo.“It’sreallyexcitingtobeapartofit,”shesays,“Itwillenablemetomeetmyclients,too,whichisalwaysgreatbecausehavinganonlinestoreIcan’tnormallygettodothat.Myclientslovetheuniquenatureofmydesigns,aswellasthefactthattheyarehandmade,notmass-produced.”4.WhatdoesBiancathinkofherbusiness?A.Ithadaterriblestart. B.Itisexpandingrapidly.C.Itleavesalottobedesired. D.Itaimsatforeignclients.5.WhatdoesBianca’sgrandmadoinherstudio?A.Shedesignsthebarcodes. B.Sheactsasaspokeswoman.C.Shemonitorsproductquality. D.Shehelpswithsalespromotion.6.WhatmadeBiancadevotedtojewellery?A.Thechildhoodhobbiesandtalent. B.Thefamily’sinfluenceandsupport.C.Thehandsomeprofitsintheindustry. D.Theinspirationfromhersurroundings.7.WhyisBiancaexcitedtoattendthefestival?A.Heruniquedesignsarelikelytobecomeahit.B.Manyofherworkswillbecreatedonthespot.C.Thefestivalistobeheldbyafamoussculptor.D.Shecancommunicatewithherclientsinperson.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了珠寶設(shè)計師BiancaMavrick的成長和創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“

Whenyoudoacreativebusiness,you’regoingtohavetoworkhardanditwilltakeafewyearstogetofftheground,butit’sreallygrowingfastnow,(當你做創(chuàng)意生意時，你必須努力工作，需要幾年的時間才能起步，但它現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得很快，)”可知，Bianca認為她的業(yè)務(wù)正在迅速擴張。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Mygrandmaenjoyssittingwiththegirls.Sheactsasakindofqualitycontrollerandhelpswithpackingandputtingbarcodes(條形碼)onthings,(我奶奶喜歡和女孩們坐在一起。她是一名質(zhì)量控制人員，幫助包裝和在物品上粘貼條形碼，)”可知，Bianca的祖母在她的工作室里擔任一種質(zhì)量控制員的角色，幫助打包和貼條形碼，因此她主要負責監(jiān)控產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Biancalaughsassherecallslookingthroughhergrandmother’spileofcostumejewelryasachild.(Bianca回憶起小時候翻看祖母成堆的人造珠寶時笑了起來。)”以及本段中“MumandDadopenedanaccountformeandputtheprofitsaway.EventhenIknewIwantedtoworkwithjewellery.Allofmyhobbiesalwaysrelatedbacktomyjewellery.(爸爸媽媽給我開了一個賬戶，把賺到的錢存起來。即使在那時，我也知道我想從事珠寶行業(yè)。我所有的愛好都和我的珠寶有關(guān)。)”可知，Bianca對珠寶行業(yè)的熱愛是既受到了家人的影響也得到了家人的支持。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Itwillenablemetomeetmyclients,too,whichisalwaysgreatbecausehavinganonlinestoreIcan’tnormallygettodothat.Myclientslovetheuniquenatureofmydesigns,aswellasthefactthattheyarehandmade,notmass-produced.(它也能讓我見到我的客戶，這總是很棒的，因為有一個網(wǎng)上商店，我通常無法做到這一點。我的客戶喜歡我設(shè)計的獨特性，以及它們是手工制作的，而不是大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的事實。)”可知，Bianca經(jīng)營網(wǎng)上商店，通常沒有機會和客戶面對面交流，因此能與顧客面對面交流是令她激動的事情。故選D。CIntoday’sdigitalage,childrenareexposedtoanumberofdatafication(數(shù)據(jù)化)risks,includingharmfulprofiling,micro-targetingandbehaviouralcontrol.Digitalmonitoring-basedtechnologiesenableparentstorestrict,monitorortrackchildren’sonlineactivities.PopularappssuchasLife360,GoogleFamilyLinkandAppleMaps,arewidespread.However,suchapproacheshavelimitedeffectivenessinkeepingchildrenoutoftheboundariesofthedigitalspaceorreducingscreentimeusage.Meanwhile,therisksassociatedwiththeseapproachesemerge,suchastheirpotentialtoaffectfamilytrustrelationshipsorpreventthedevelopmentofchildren’sself-regulationskills.Withmodernfamiliesincreasinglystrugglingwiththeirchildren’srelationshipwithdigitaltechnologiesandlackofeffectiveandclearguidanceforthem,newapproachesareurgentlyneeded.ItisforthisreasonthatComputerScienceresearchersworkingontheOxfordMartinProgrammeonEthicalWebandDataArchitecturesdevelopedtheKOALAHeroToolkit.Ithasbeenco-developedwithfamiliesandchildrenbyOxfordresearchersoverseveralyearsinresponsetoincreasingconcernsfromfamiliesabouttherisksassociatedwithextensiveuseofthedigitaltechnologies.Thetoolkithasseveralkeyfeatures.Byprovidingfamilieswithinsightsintodataficationrisks,i.e.howchildren’sdatamaybecollectedandprocessed,andusedtoaffectwhattheyseeonline,thetoolkitenablesfamiliestomakeinformeddecisionsabouttheironlineactivities.Throughbothadigitalandphysicalcomponent,andtheprovisionofinteractiveactivitiesanddiscussionsheets,thetoolkitfacilitatesmeaningfulconversationsbetweenchildrenandparents,promotingadeeperunderstandingofdigitalprivacyandethics(道德).Byprovidingworksheetsthatguideconversationsandinteractionswiththetoolkitamongfamilymembers,withbothchildrenandparentsinvolvedinthelearningprocess,thetoolkitstrengthensthefamilybondsandpromotescollectiveproblem-solving.Byassessingthetoolkitwith17families,involving23childrenaged10-14,wefoundpositiveindicationsforourapproachtoencouragingactivefamilyengagement,insteadoffocusingoncontrolsandmonitoring.Wehopetoworkwithalargersampletomakeitmoreadaptablebeforesharingthetoolkitonpopularappstores.8.Whatdoweknowaboutdigitalmonitoring-basedtechnologies?A.Theyareunfriendlytoparents. B.Theyneednecessaryimprovement.C.Theystrengthenfamilyrelationship. D.Theyofferparentsaclearguidance.9.Whatisspecialaboutthetoolkit?A.Itsafeguardschildren’sonlineprivacy. B.Itpromotesparent-childcommunication.C.Itplacesstrictcontrolonchildren’sdata. D.Itenableschildrentothinkindependently.10.Whatmaytheresearchersdonext?A.Tobetterthetoolkit. B.Tocontactappstores.CTotargetthemarket. D.Toseekprofessionaladvice.11.Whatmaybethebesttitle?A.APopularDigitalMonitoring-basedAppB.Children’sExposuretoDataficationRisksC.Families’ChangeinAttitudetoDataficationD.AnInnovativeApproachtoDigitalParenting【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一款新研發(fā)的KOALAHeroToolkit工具包。該工具包促進兒童和家長之間有意義的對話和互動，加強了家庭紐帶，同時也避免了一些數(shù)據(jù)化風險。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Digitalmonitoring-basedtechnologiesenableparentstorestrict,monitorortrackchildren’sonlineactivities.PopularappssuchasLife360,GoogleFamilyLinkandAppleMaps,arewidespread.However,suchapproacheshavelimitedeffectivenessinkeepingchildrenoutoftheboundariesofthedigitalspaceorreducingscreentimeusage.Meanwhile,therisksassociatedwiththeseapproachesemerge,suchastheirpotentialtoaffectfamilytrustrelationshipsorpreventthedevelopmentofchildren’sself-regulationskills.Withmodernfamiliesincreasinglystrugglingwiththeirchildren’srelationshipwithdigitaltechnologiesandlackofeffectiveandclearguidanceforthem,newapproachesareurgentlyneeded.(基于數(shù)字監(jiān)控的技術(shù)使家長能夠限制、監(jiān)控或跟蹤孩子的在線活動。Life360、GoogleFamilyLink和AppleMaps等流行應(yīng)用程序非常普遍。然而，這些方法在讓孩子們遠離數(shù)字空間的邊界或減少屏幕時間使用方面效果有限。與此同時，與這些方法相關(guān)的風險也出現(xiàn)了，例如它們可能會影響家庭信任關(guān)系或阻礙兒童自我調(diào)節(jié)技能的發(fā)展。隨著現(xiàn)代家庭越來越難以處理孩子與數(shù)字技術(shù)的關(guān)系，以及缺乏有效和明確的指導(dǎo)，迫切需要新的方法)”可知，基于數(shù)字監(jiān)控的技術(shù)的效果有限，并出現(xiàn)了相關(guān)的風險，需要必要的改進。故選B。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Throughbothadigitalandphysicalcomponent,andtheprovisionofinteractiveactivitiesanddiscussionsheets,thetoolkitfacilitatesmeaningfulconversationsbetweenchildrenandparents,promotingadeeperunderstandingofdigitalprivacyandethics(道德).Byprovidingworksheetsthatguideconversationsandinteractionswiththetoolkitamongfamilymembers,withbothchildrenandparentsinvolvedinthelearningprocess,thetoolkitstrengthensthefamilybondsandpromotescollectiveproblem-solving.(通過數(shù)字和物理組件，以及提供互動活動和討論表，該工具包促進了兒童和家長之間有意義的對話，促進了對數(shù)字隱私和道德的更深入理解。通過提供工作表，指導(dǎo)家庭成員之間以及兒童和家長參與學習過程時與工具包的對話和互動，工具包加強了家庭聯(lián)系，促進了集體解決問題)”可知，該工具包促進了兒童和家長之間有意義的對話，加強了家庭聯(lián)系，即該工具包可以促進親子溝通。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wehopetoworkwithalargersampletomakeitmoreadaptablebeforesharingthetoolkitonpopularappstores.(我們希望在流行的應(yīng)用商店上分享工具包之前，使用更大的樣本，使其更具適應(yīng)性)”可推知，研究人員接下來可能會使用更大的樣本，使其更具適應(yīng)性，進一步完善工具包。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Intoday’sdigitalage,childrenareexposedtoanumberofdatafication(數(shù)據(jù)化)risks,includingharmfulprofiling,micro-targetingandbehaviouralcontrol.(在當今的數(shù)字時代，兒童面臨著許多數(shù)據(jù)化風險，包括有害的分析、微目標和行為控制)”、第三段“ItisforthisreasonthatComputerScienceresearchersworkingontheOxfordMartinProgrammeonEthicalWebandDataArchitecturesdevelopedtheKOALAHeroToolkit.(正是出于這個原因，牛津大學馬丁倫理網(wǎng)絡(luò)和數(shù)據(jù)架構(gòu)項目的計算機科學研究人員開發(fā)了KOALAHeroToolkit工具包)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了數(shù)字時代兒童面臨的數(shù)據(jù)化風險，研究人員開發(fā)了KOALAHeroToolkit工具包，旨在幫助家庭應(yīng)對數(shù)字技術(shù)所帶來的風險，并促進家庭成員之間的積極互動，所以“一種創(chuàng)新的數(shù)字化家庭教育方式”適合作為文章標題。故選D。DAsChina’scitiesgrow,theyarealsosinking.Anestimated16percentofthecountry’smajorcitiesarelosingmorethan10millimetersofheightperyearandnearlyhalfarelosingmorethan3millimetersperyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience.“Landsubsidence(下沉)isaproblemthatalmostexistseverywhere,”saidRobertNicholls,aclimatescientistandcivilengineerattheUniversityofEastAngliawhoreviewedthepaper,“Tomyknowledge,thisstudyisthefirsttomeasurelandsubsidenceacrossmanyurbanareasusingstate-of-the-artradar(雷達)datafromsatellites.Ibelievethemajorityoftheadaptationstrategiesthatwehave,andtheplanstofightclimatechange,areinaccurate,justbecausetheydidnotincludelandsubsidence.Landsubsidenceisanunheededproblem.Ithasn’tbeenstudiedtheway,forexample,sealevelrisehasbeenstudied.”Thenewstudywasbasedonsatelliteradarmeasurementsofhowmuchthegroundsurfacein82majorcities,accountingforthree-quartersoftheurbanpopulation,movedupordownbetween2015and2022.Theresearcherscomparedthesemeasurementstodataonpotentialcontributingfactors.Subsidenceinthesecitiesiscausedinpartbythepureweightofbuildings,thestudyfound.Groundwaterextraction(開采)underneaththecitiesalsoplaysarole,asdooildrillingandcoalmining.Theseactivitiesleaveemptyspaceundergroundwheresoilandrockscanpresstogetherorcollapse.Beingbelowsealeveldoesn’tmeanacityisautomaticallydestroyed.MuchoftheNetherlandsisbelowsealevelandsinking,butthecountryhasbeenextensivelyengineeredtopreventfloodinginplacesandtoaccommodateitinothers.Shanghaiisalreadylimitinggroundwaterextractionandissinkingmoreslowlythanothercities.InJapan,groundwatermanagementovertheyearshasprovedsuccessful.“It’sdifficulttostopsubsidenceentirely,”Dr.Nichollssaid,“You’vegottolivewithwhat’sleft.“12.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph1imply?A.Citiesgrowatanalarmingspeed. B.Citiesfacefierceclimatechange.C.Landsubsidenceisundercontrol. D.Landsubsidenceisanurgentissue.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“unheeded”inparagraph2?A.Ignored. B.Identified. C.Undefined. D.Overestimated.14.Whatmaycontributetolandsubsidenceincitiesaccordingtothepassage?A.Energyextraction. B.Overuseoffarmland.C.Populationexpansion. D.Unevendistributionofwater.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Cityplanningcallsforjointefforts.B.Groundwateristoblameforlandsinking.C.Measurescanbetakentoeasesubsidence.D.Floodingpreventiondeservesfurtherresearch.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了地面下沉問題的背景、原因和一些應(yīng)對措施?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Anestimated16percentofthecountry’smajorcitiesarelosingmorethan10millimetersofheightperyearandnearlyhalfarelosingmorethan3millimetersperyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience.(根據(jù)《科學》雜志發(fā)表的一項新研究，估計該國16%的主要城市每年高度下降超過10毫米，近一半的城市每年下降超過3毫米。)”可知，第一段的數(shù)字意味著地面沉降問題嚴重，是一個亟需解決的問題。故選D。【13題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Ibelievethemajorityoftheadaptationstrategiesthatwehave,andtheplanstofightclimatechange,areinaccurate,justbecausetheydidnotincludelandsubsidence.Landsubsidenceisanunheededproblem.Ithasn’tbeenstudiedtheway,forexample,sealevelrisehasbeenstudied.”(我認為，我們現(xiàn)有的大多數(shù)適應(yīng)策略和應(yīng)對氣候變化的計劃都是不準確的，因為它們沒有包括地面沉降。地面沉降是一個unheeded問題。它還沒有被研究過，例如，海平面上升已經(jīng)被研究過了?！?”可知，地面沉降問題還沒有像是海平面上升那樣被研究過，由此可推知，地面沉降問題是未被注意的，劃線單詞表示“未被注意的”，與Ignored意義相近。故選A?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Subsidenceinthesecitiesiscausedinpartbythepureweightofbuildings,thestudyfound.Groundwaterextraction(開采)underneaththecitiesalsoplaysarole,asdooildrillingandcoalmining.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些城市的沉降部分是由建筑物的純粹重量造成的。城市地下的地下水開采也發(fā)揮了作用，石油鉆探和煤炭開采也是如此。)”可知，建筑物的重量、城市地下水開采以及能源開采是造成地面下沉的原因。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Beingbelowsealeveldoesn’tmeanacityisautomaticallydestroyed.MuchoftheNetherlandsisbelowsealevelandsinking,butthecountryhasbeenextensivelyengineeredtopreventfloodinginplacesandtoaccommodateitinothers.Shanghaiisalreadylimitinggroundwaterextractionandissinkingmoreslowlythanothercities.InJapan,groundwatermanagementovertheyearshasprovedsuccessful.(低于海平面并不意味著一座城市會自動被摧毀。荷蘭的大部分地區(qū)都在海平面以下，正在下沉，但該國已經(jīng)進行了廣泛的工程設(shè)計，以防止某些地方發(fā)生洪水，并在其他地方適應(yīng)洪水。上海已經(jīng)在限制地下水開采，而且下沉速度比其他城市慢。在日本，多年來的地下水管理已被證明是成功的。)”可推知，采取有效措施后，地面沉降問題可以被緩解，即可以采取措施緩解地面沉降。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。OurfriendsNickandCarolmovedtoAustraliain2017.MyhusbandandIfinallysavedupenoughmoneytovisittheminSydney.Fromtheveryfirstday,IhadthisfeelingthatherewasaplacewhereIcouldimaginefittingin.WehadleftEnglandinthecoldandrain,andarrivedtofindSydneywarmandsunny.Wespentourdaysrelaxingonthebeach,orgoingintothecitytoexplore.____16____GoingbackhometoEnglandafterourtripwasreallyhard.Thatwinterfeltverylongandcold,andallIcouldthinkofwasthewarmsunshineandbigopenspacesofAustralia.InEngland,webothworkedlonghourstoaffordtoliveinourlittlehouse.____17____WhenIthoughtofNickandCarol’sspacioushouseinSydney,andhowtheybothwalkedtotheirjobseachmorning,Ikeptthinkingtomyself,“Iwanttobethere!”Slowly,westartedtalkingabouttheideaofmovingtoAustralia.We’dhadenoughofshort,cold,wetdaysandsmallhousesinEngland.Thecrowdsandqueuesofpeopleathomeweretoomuch.____18____Immigration(移民)toAustraliaisalongprocessandexpensive.Itwasveryexcitingwhenourapplicationswerefinallyaccepted.Whenwearrived,andflewoverthecityofPerth,Isawthebrightsunshineandthespacioushousesandswimmingpoolsbelow.____19____Theoceanwasshiningblue.Itfeltright.Itfeltlikehome.TherearethingsImissaboutEnglandofcourse,butIdoenjoyallthespaceinAustralia,andtherelaxedoutdoorslifestyle.____20____Tovisit,definitely—butnottolive.Australiafeelslikehomenow.A.Itwastimeforachange.B.Isawforestsandcountryside,too.C.WillwebegoingbacktoEngland?D.Wehadhour-longjourneysbycartogettowork.E.Wewouldjuststepoutsideintothegardenandswiminthepool.F.Intheevening,we’dhaveabarbecueinNickandCarol’sgarden.G.TheonlythingIwasconcernedaboutwasmissingEnglishculture.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.B20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一對夫婦從英國移民到澳大利亞的故事?！?6題詳解】上文“Wespentourdaysrelaxingonthebeach,orgoingintothecitytoexplore.(我們白天在海灘上放松，或者去城市探索)”說明作者和丈夫白天所做的事，F(xiàn)項“晚上，我們會在尼克和卡羅爾的花園里燒烤。”與上文形成承接關(guān)系，說明作者和丈夫晚上會做的事情，符合題意。故選F?！?7題詳解】下文“WhenIthoughtofNickandCarol’sspacioushouseinSydney,andhowtheybothwalkedtotheirjobseachmorning,Ikeptthinkingtomyself,“Iwanttobethere!”(當我想到尼克和卡羅爾在悉尼寬敞的房子，以及他們每天早上如何步行上班時，我一直在想，“我想去那里！”)”說明作者在悉尼的朋友住在悉尼寬敞的房子里，每天步行去上班，D項“我們坐一個小時的車去上班?！闭f明作者和丈夫去上班需要坐車很久，與下文形成對比關(guān)系，符合題意。故選D?！?8題詳解】上文“Slowly,westartedtalkingabouttheideaofmovingtoAustralia.We’dhadenoughofshort,cold,wetdaysandsmallhousesinEngland.Thecrowdsandqueuesofpeopleathomeweretoomuch.(慢慢地，我們開始談?wù)摪岬桨拇罄麃喌南敕āＮ覀円呀?jīng)受夠了英國短暫、寒冷、潮濕的日子和小房子。家里的人群和排隊的人太多了)”說明作者和丈夫?qū)τ诂F(xiàn)在的居住情況和生活情況感到厭煩，想要做出改變，A項“是時候做出改變了?！背薪由衔?，作為上文的結(jié)果，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳解】上文“Whenwearrived,andflewoverthecityofPerth,Isawthebrightsunshineandthespacioushousesandswimmingpoolsbelow.(當我們到達并飛越珀斯市時，我看到了明媚的陽光和下面寬敞的房子和游泳池)”介紹作者在乘坐飛機時看到的景象，B項“我也看到了森林和鄉(xiāng)村。”與上文并列，繼續(xù)介紹作者看到的景象，符合題意。故選B?！?0題詳解】下文“Tovisit,definitely—butnottolive.Australiafeelslikehomenow.(當然，是去參觀，但不是去生活。澳大利亞現(xiàn)在感覺就像家一樣)”說明作者感覺在澳大利亞的生活很好，像家一樣，由此推知，作者會回去英國參觀，但不會去英國生活，C項“我們會回英國嗎？”提出問題，引出下文的回答，符合題意。故選C。第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。WhenImovedtoanewschool,mygradesbegantoslip,andaonceoutgoingpersonalityfadedintothebackground.Oneday,afterIhandedinyetanother____21____doneassignment,Mr.Thompson,themathteacheraskedmetostayafterclass.Intheafternoontheclasswas____22____,leavingjustthetwoofusintheclassroom.“Alex,iseverythingalright?”Mr.Thompsonasked,hisvoicefilledwith____23____.WhenI____24____mytroubles,Mr.Thompsonlistenedwithpatience,nodding____25____.Hethensharedastoryabouthisown____26____whenhewasyounger—movingfrequentlyduetohisfather’smilitarycareer.“Thatmusthavebeen____27____,”Isaid,feelingaconnectionforthefirsttimeinweeks.Mr.Thompson____28____,“Itwas.ButIlearnedthatseekinghelpandfindingsupportivepeoplemadea____29____.Howaboutweworkonaplantogetyoubackontrack?”Withthat,Mr.Thompsonbecamealifelineforme.Hesetupweeklymeetingsto____30____whatIhadlearntanddiscussstrategiestoimprovemyacademicperformance.Healso____31____metojointheschool’sdebateteam,knowingitwouldbeagoodwayformetomeetnewfriendsand____32____confidence.Asmonthspassed,Imaderapidprogress.The____33____withMr.Thompsongrewstronger.Atthatmoment,therealization____34____me:eveninthedarkesttimes,the____35____ofotherscouldlighttheway.21.A.neatly B.poorly C.properly D.briefly22.A.dismissed B.organized C.informed D.grouped23.A.surprise B.certainty C.concern D.relief24.A.sufferedfrom B.askedfor C.dealtwith D.pouredout25.A.gratefully B.thoughtfully C.casually D.hopefully26.A.struggles B.failures C.choices D.dreams27.A.rare B.strange C.tough D.unique28.A.choked B.signed C.nodded D.stared29.A.difference B.promise C.choice D.point30.A.quote B.review C.prove D.exchange31.A.ordered B.appointed C.encouraged D.elected32.A.affect B.convey C.maintain D.regain33.A.bond B.similarity C.competition D.cooperation34.A.escaped B.hit C.upset D.shocked35A.confidence B.wisdom C.patience D.kindness【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.C28.C29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者轉(zhuǎn)學到新學校后成績下滑、性格變得內(nèi)向。數(shù)學老師湯普森先生通過耐心傾聽和分享個人經(jīng)歷，幫助作者重拾信心并制定了學習計劃。在湯普森先生的幫助下，作者不僅學業(yè)進步，還結(jié)識了新朋友，重拾了自信?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，在我又交了一份做得很差的作業(yè)后，數(shù)學老師湯普森先生讓我留下。A.neatly整潔地；B.poorly差勁地；C.properly適當?shù)?；D.briefly簡短地。根據(jù)前文“mygradesbegantoslip”可知，作者的成績開始下滑，因此推斷此處表示作業(yè)完成得不好。故選B項。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：下午放學后，教室里只剩下我們兩個人。A.dismissed解散；B.organized組織；C.informed通知；D.grouped分組。根據(jù)下文“ leavingjustthetwoofusintheclassroom”可知，教室里只剩下我們兩個人，班級已經(jīng)解散了。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“亞歷克斯，一切都好嗎？”湯普森先生問，他的聲音充滿了關(guān)切。A.surprise驚訝；B.certainty確定；C.concern關(guān)心；D.relief寬慰。根據(jù)上文“Alex,iseverythingalright?”可知，此處表達老師對學生的關(guān)心。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當我傾訴煩惱時，湯普森先生耐心地聽著，若有所思地點頭。A.sufferedfrom遭受；B.askedfor請求；C.dealtwith處理；D.pouredout傾訴。根據(jù)下文“Mr.Thompsonlistenedwithpatience”可知，此處表示學生向老師傾訴煩惱。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當我傾訴煩惱時，湯普森先生耐心地聽著，若有所思地點頭。A.gratefully感激地；B.thoughtfully沉思地；C.casually隨意地；D.hopefully有希望地。根據(jù)上文“Mr.Thompsonlistenedwithpatience,nodding”可知，老師是在耐心地聽著地聽著學生的傾訴，并沉思地點頭回應(yīng)。故選B項。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他分享了自己年輕時的困難經(jīng)歷——由于父親的軍旅生涯，他經(jīng)常搬家。A.struggles奮斗，難事；B.failures失??；C.choices選擇；D.dreams夢想。根據(jù)下文“whenhewasyounger—movingfrequentlyduetohisfather’smilitarycareer”可知，老師由于父親的軍旅生涯而頻繁搬家，此處表示他年輕時的困難。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“那一定很艱難，”我說，幾周來第一次感受到了這種聯(lián)系。A.rare罕見的；B.strange奇怪的；C.tough艱難的；D.unique獨特的。根據(jù)上文“whenhewasyounger—movingfrequentlyduetohisfather’smilitarycareer”可知，由于老師父親的軍旅生涯而頻繁搬家，作者認為這一定是很艱難的經(jīng)歷。故