2021年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題試卷(第3套)

2021年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題(第3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)passagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedindsbutnomorethan200words.SomeparentsinChinaareoverprotectiveoftheirchildren.Theyplaneverythingfortheircasetheymakemistakesorgethurt.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)2月六級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套真題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容完P(guān)artIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)。Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyfactsdontchangeourmindsmindandprovingthereisnoneedtodoso,almosteveryonegetsbusywiththeproof.”emostdifficultsubjectscanbeexplainedtothemostslow-wittedmanifhehasnotformedanyideaofthemalready;butthesimplestthinghatheknowsalready,withoutashadowofadoubt,whatislaidbeforehim."C)What’sgoingonhere?Whydon’tfactschangeourminds?AndwhywouldsomeonewdosuchbehaviorsserveusrviveIfyourmodelofrealityiswildlydifferentfromtheactualworld,thenyoustruggletotakeeffectiveactionseachday.However,truthandaccuracyarenottheonlythingsthatmattertothehumanmind.Humansalsoseemtohaveadeepdesiretobelong.D)InAtomicHabits,Iwrote,“Humansareherdanimals.Wewanttofitin,tobondwithothersandtoearntherespectandapprovalofourpeers.Suchinclinationsareessentialtooursurvival.Formostofourevolutionaryhistory,ourancestorslivedintribes.Becomingseparatedfromthetribe—orworse,beingcastout—wasadeathsentence.”E)Understandingthetruthofasituationisimportant,butsoisremainingpartofatribe.Whilethesetwodesiresoftenworkwelltogether,theyoccasionallycomeintoconflict.lylifethanunderstandingthetruthofaparticularfactoridea.TheHarvardpsychologistStevenssoonefunctionofthemindmaybetoholdbeliefsthatbringthebelief-holderthegreatestnumberofallies,protectors,ordisciples(信徒),ratherthanbeliefsthataremostlikelytobetrue.”F)Wedon’talwaysbelievethingsbecausetheyarecorrect.Sometimeswebelievethingsitwellwhenhewrote,"ifabrainanticipatesthatitwillberewardedforadoptingaparticularbelief,it’sperfectlyhappytodoso,anddoesn’tmuchcarewheretherewardcomesfrom—whetherit’spragmatic(實(shí)用主義的)(betteroutcomesresultingfrombetterdecisions),social(bettertreatmentfromone’speers),orsomemixofthetwo.”Forlackofabetterphrase,wemightcallthisapproach"factuallyfalse,butsociallyaccurate."Whenwehavetochoosebetweenthetwo,peopleoftenselectfriendsandfamilyoverfacts.Thisinsightnotonlyexplainswhywemightholdourtongueatadinnerpartyorlooktheotherwaywhenourparentssaysomethingoffensive,butalsorevealsabetterwaytochangethemindsofothers.H)Convincingsomeonetochangetheirmindisreallytheprocessofconvincingthemtochangetheirtribe.Iftheyabandontheirbeliefs,theyruntheriskoflosingsocialties.Youcan’texpectsomeonetochangetheirmindifyoutakeawaytheircommunitytoo.Youhavetogivethemsomewheretogo.Nobodywantstheirworldviewtornapartiflonelinessistheoutcome.ithouttheriskofbeingabandonedsocially.increases,sodoesunderstanding.IamremindedofAbrahamLincoln’squote,“Idon’tlikethatman.Imustgettoknowhimbetter.”K)Factsdon’tchangeourminds.Friendshipdoes.Yearsago,BenCasnochamentionedandtrustbelievesaradicalidea,youaremorelikelytogiveitmerit,weight,orconsideration.Youalreadyagreewiththeminmostareasoflife.Maybeyoushouldsameradicalidea,well,it’seasytodismissthemasnuts.isdistinctionisbymappingbeliefsonaspectrumIfyoudividethisspectruminto10unitsandyoufindyourselfatPosition7,thenthereislittlesenseintryingtoconvincesomeoneatPosition1.Thegapistoowide.Whenyou’reatPosition7,yourtimeisbetterspentconnectingwithpeoplewhoareatPositions6and8,graduallypullingtheminyourdirection.M)ThemostheatedargumentsoftenoccurbetweenpeopleonoppositeendsoftheenearbyThecloseryouaretosomeone,themorelikelyitbecomesthattheoneortwobeliefsyoudon’tsharewillbleedoverintoyourownmindandshapeyourthinking.Thefurtherawayanideaisfromyourcurrentposition,themorelikelyyouaretorejectitoutright.Whenitcomestochangingpeople’sminds,itisverydifficulttojumpfromonesidetoanother.Youcan’tjumpdownthespectrum.Youhavetoslidedownit.Andthebestplacetoponderathreateningideaisinanon-threateningenvironment.Asaresult,booksareoftenabettervehiclefortransformingbeliefsthanconversationsordebates.Inconversation,peoplehavetocarefullyconsidertheirstatusandappearance.Theywanttosavefaceandavoidlookingstupid.Whenconfrontedwithanratherthanpubliclyadmittobeingwrong.Booksresolvethistension.Withabook,thersationtakesplaceinsidesomeonesheadandwithouttheriskofbeingjudgedbyothers.It’seasiertobeopen-mindedwhenyouaren’tfeelingdefensive.O)Thereisanotherreasonbadideascontinuetoliveon,whichisthatpeoplecontinuetotalkaboutthem.Silenceisdeathforanyidea.Anideathatisneverspokenorwrittendowndieswiththepersonwhoconceivedit.Ideascanonlyberememberedwhentheyarerepeated.Theycanonlybebelievedwhentheyarerepeated.IhavealreadypointedarepartofthesamesocialgroupButheresacrucialpointmostpeoplemiss:Peoplealsorepeatbadideaswhentheycomplainaboutthem.Beforeyoucancriticizeanidea,youhavetoreferencethatidea.Youendupthembecauseyoukeeptalkingaboutthem.Themoreyourepeatabadidea,themorelikelypeoplearetobelieveit.P)Let’scallthisphenomenonClear’sLawofRecurrence:Thenumberofpeoplewhogthelastyear—eveniftheideaisfalse.37.Peopleoftenacceptfalsebeliefsbecausetheyprioritizesocialbondsratherthanfacts.38.Mostoftenpeoplelearnfromthoseclosetothem.39.Sometimespeopleadoptcertainbeliefsinordertoleaveafavorableimpressiononthosedeartothem.40.Comparedwithface-to-facecommunication,booksoftenprovideabettermediumforchangingpeople’sbeliefs.mknowingthetruth.Ifyouwanttochangesomebody’sbeliefs,youshouldfirstestablishsocialconnectionwiththem.43.Humanscannotsurvivewithoutafairknowledgeoftheactualworld.44.Repetitionofbadideasincreasestheirchancesofbeingaccepted.45.Nobodyiswillingtogiveuptheirbeliefsattheriskofgettingisolated.tionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.OneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThesubjectofautomationanditsroleinoureconomyhastakenholdinAmericanpublicdiscourse.Technologybroadlyandautomationspecificallyaredramaticallyreshapingthewaywework.Andweneedohaveaplanforwhat’sstilltocome.ctofautomation.Fromautomatedwarehousestocashierlessgrocerystorestoneighborhoodlibrariesthatofferself-checkoutlanesinsteadofemployingrealpeople—automationisincreasinglyreplacingjobsandleavingtoofewgoodnewjobsbehind.Thestatisticsinmanufacturingarestaggering.Despitethewidespreadfearsabouttrade,arecentreportshowedthatjust13percentofjobslostinmanufacturingareduetotrade—therestofthelosseshavebeenduetoadvancesintechnology.Thatiswhymorepeoplearecriticizingtheever-increasingroleoftechnologyinoureconomy.Ourcountryismanufacturingmorethaneverbefore,butwearedoingitwithfewerworkers.However,it’snotjustfactoriesthatareseeinglosses—softwareandinformationtechnologyarealsohavingadramaticimpactonjobsmostpeoplethinkaresecurefromtheforcesofarapidly-changingeconomy.SomethingtransformativeishappeninginAmericathatishavinganadverseeffectonAmericanfamilies.Whetherpolicymakersandpoliticiansadmititornot,workershavemadecleartheirfeelingsabouttheireconomicinsecurityanddesiretokeepgoodjobsinAmerica.Sowhyarepeoplesoinsistentonignoringtheperilsofautomation?TheyarefailinganeverResistingautomationisfutile:itisasinevitableasindustrializationwasbeforeit.Isincerelyhopethatthosewhoassertthatautomationwillmakeusmoreeffectiveandpavethewayfornewoccupationsareright,buttherealityofautomation’sdetrimentaleffectsonworkersandanysensiblecompanyorcountryshouldprepareforallalternatives.dtothelaborforceAccordingtoeconomicresearch,oneinsixworking-agemen,25-54,doesn’thaveajob.FiftyyearshatagewereworkingWomenslaborforceparticipationmeanwhile,hasslippedbacktothelevelitwasatinthelate1980s.Americanfamiliesandprominentbusinessleadersareawarethatthere’sabigproblemwithautomation.Thevalueofacollegedegreeisdiminishing,andourupwardmobilityisdeclining.IfwewantaneconomythatallowseveryonetobeeconomicallysecureweneedtostartthinkingabouthowwecanrightfullyaddressautornationWhatcanweobservefromtheauthor’sdescriptionofourcommunities?A)Thegrowingpassionforautomation.B)TheshiftfrommanualjobstoITones.C)Theirchangingviewsonemployment.D)Theirfadingemploymentopportunities.Whatdowelearnfromarecentreport?A)Themanufacturingsectorisdecliningatafastrate.B)Thecóncernsabouttheeffectoftradeareexaggerated.C)Thefearsabouttradehavebeenspreadingfarandwide.D)Theimpactoftradeonemploymenthasbeenstaggering.WhatdoesthepassagetellusaboutAmericanworkersinaneraoftransformation?A)Theyfeelignoredbypoliticians.B)Theyfeelincreasinglyvulnerable.C)Theykeepadaptingtothechanges.D)Theykeepcomplainingbuttonoavail.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofautomation?A)Itwillhavethesameimpactasindustrialization.B)Itprovidessensiblecompanieswithalternatives.C)Itsallegedpositiveeffectsaredoubtful.ItsdetrimentaleffectsareunavoidableWhatshouldweattachimportancetowhendealingwithautomation?A)Collegegraduates’jobprospects.B)Women’saccesstoemployment.C)People’seconomicsecurity.D)People’ssocialmobility.eTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.bestalone,otherscravecompanionship.Weeasilyrecognizethatthereisgreatvariationseemtoinevitablycharacterizethembasedontheircountryoforigin.Statisticsspecialists,whentheyspeakofnationalaverages,oftenmakethesamemistake.Newlypublishedresearchshowshowerroneoussuchoverviewsare.Threeresearchersanalyzeddecadesofvalues-basedsurveysandfoundthatonlybetween16%and21%ofthevariationinculturalvaluescouldbeexplainedbydifferencesbetweencountries.Inotherwords,thevastmajorityofwhatmakesusculturallydistinctfromoneanotherhasnothingtodowithourhomeland.Todeterminewhatfactorsreallyareassociatedwithculture,theauthorscombineddatareofHofstedesculturaldimensionsasindividualismandmasculinitythatdescribeworkrelatedculturalvalues.(Theyarenotameasureofvisibleculturaltraits,suchasfoodordress.)ThoughthevalidityofHofstede’sdimensionshasbeenquestioned,theyhavethesingularbenefitofhavingbeeninusefordecades,whichallowsforhistoricalandinternationalcomparisons.mographicfactorssuchasageandenvironmentalfactors,suchaslong-termunemploymentrates,weremorecorrelatedwithculturalvaluesonomicstatuswerethemoststronglycorrelatedsuggestingthatourvaluesaremoreeconomicallydriventhanweusuallygivethemcreditfor.Theevidenceimpliesthatpeoplewithsimilarjobsandincomesaremoreculturally"TellmehowmuchyoumakeandIwillmakeaprettyaccuratepredictionaboutyourculturalvalues.TellmewhatyournationalityisandIprobablywillmakeawrongprediction.”TarassaysourerroneousbeliefthatcountriesarecultureshascausedbusinessestoteachtheiremployeesuselessorevenharmfulwaysofinteractingwiththeirinternationalainedtointeractbasedontheassumptionthattheChinesepersonislessindividualistic,eventhoughtheirsimilarsocialeconomicsituationsmakeitprobabletheyareactuallyquitealikeinthatregard.Thecountry,astheunitofauthority,isoftenaconvenientwayofgeneralizingaboutapopulation.However,ourfocusoncountriescanmaskbroadvariationswithinthem.Intheirlives,likeincome,ratherthanbythelinessurroundingthemonamap.WhaterrordoexpertsoftenmakewhendescribingpeoplefromotherplacesA)Theytendtooverlyrelyonnationality.B)Theyoftenexaggeratetheirdifferences.C)Theyoftenmisunderstandtheircultures.D)Theytendtodwellonnationalaverages.atdowelearnaboutHofs