2025年高考英語總復習專項練習4 單句語法填空＋閱讀理解

練習4單句語法填空+閱讀理解

I.單句語法填空（定語從句和狀語從句）

1.Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextweek,atimemostofourclientswillhavebeenbackfrom

abroad.

答案與解析：when句意為：會議將被推遲到下周，那時我們的大部分客戶就已從國外回來了。設空

處引導定語從句，先行詞為atime,關系詞在從句中作時間狀語，所以應用關系副詞when。故填when。

2.[2024?湖南長郡中學檢測]Thereasonhewaslateforworkwashemissedthebusby

oneminutethismorning.

答案與解析：why;that句意為：他上班遲到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分鐘，錯過了公共汽車。第一空

應用關系副詞why引導定語從句，修飾先行詞reason,第二空應用that引導表語從句。故填why;that。

3.[2024-河北深州中學期末]Withatotallengthof4,000metersandawidthof75meters,oneofitsrunways

isa4Frunway-thehighestlevelintheinternationalaviationindustry,largecivilaircraftlikeanAirbus

A380cantakeoffandland.

答案與解析：where句意為：它其中的一條跑道總長4000米，寬75米，是國際航空業(yè)中等級最高的

4F跑道，像空客A380這樣的大型民用飛機，可以在這里起飛和降落。分析句子結構可知，設空處引導非

限制性定語從句，先行詞是runway,關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故填where。

4.WheneverIreadtheoldletters,wasfairlyoften,sweetmemorieswarmedmyheart.

答案與解析：which分析句子可知，wasfairlyoften是個非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的整

個句子，系動詞was前缺少主語，故填which。

5.Withalovingcharacter,Tomissuchakindandhelpfulpersonwecannotpraisetoomuch.

答案與解析:as分析句子可知，定語從句中，動詞praise后缺少賓語，且先行詞akindandhelpfulperson

前有such修飾，故用as來引導該定語從句。

6.ItisthefamilyphotohungonthewallthatalwaysremindsmethatfamilyistheplaceIshould

trymybesttotakecareof.

答案與解析：which/that分析句子結構可知，動詞短語takecareof后缺少賓語，且先行詞為theplace,

故用which或that來引導該定語從句。

7.AsfarasIamconcerned,youthisaperiodweshouldstudyhardandmakeourselveswell

preparedforthefuture.

答案與解析：when分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句修飾先行詞aperiod,且在從句中作時間狀

語，故用when。就我而言，青春是我們應該努力學習并且讓我們自己為未來做好充分準備的時期。

8.Youngsheis,shehastraveledtomanycountriestoputonshows.

答案與解析：as/though分析句子結構可知，as/though在此引導用了倒裝形式的讓步狀語從句，表示

“盡管”。

9.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.

答案與解析：before那對年輕的夫婦歸還了我丟失的錢包，在我還沒有問他們的名字之前他們就離開

To根據句子的意思，空處表示“在……之前"，故填before。

10.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedhecouldn'tsleeplastnight.

答案與解析：that分析句子結構可知，此處為such...that…“如此……以至于……”引導的結果狀語從

句,故填thato

II.閱讀理解

A

2023?新課標I卷記敘文320詞★★★☆☆

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage

（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,a

cityinsoutheastChina.

（"Ecologicaldesign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfor

theinventor,“hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat*shappening.Thenyoulet

thesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學，他建造了一個生態(tài)機

器，利用大自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.

D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

答案與解析：C細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoods

aroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter

flowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthis

processcouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當約翰?托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索

房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石

后，往往會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始想知道這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的垃圾）”以及第二段

“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?（在大學學習了農業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后，約翰回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些

植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學、好奇心很強。故選C。

2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.

B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.

D?Totesttheeco-machine.

答案與解析：D細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個星期后，約

翰把污泥加了進去）”以及倒數第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthe

eco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleft

waspurewater.（他對結果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內，它

就完全被消化了，只剩下純凈水）”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D。

3.Whatistheauthor*spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn*sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.He

developedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healso

designedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來,約翰承擔了許多重

大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態(tài)

機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B。

4.WhatisthebasisforJohn*swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat's

happening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把微生物放在新的關系中,

并觀察要發(fā)生的事情。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)形成它們自己的自我修復的方式）”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然

可以自我修復。故選A。

B

2024.新課標H卷，B記敘文269詞★★☆☆☆

Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveour

phones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.

Well,there*sakiosk（小亭）forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.

“Youenterthefaregates（檢票口）andyou'llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,a

three-minute,orafive-minutestory,“saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFrancisco

BayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART."Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-like

shortstory.”

It'sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunched

lastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.

Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders."Wewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacallto

artistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,“Trostsays."Andasofrightnow,we'vereceivedabout120

submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.^^

Ridershipontransit（交通）systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshort

storiessavetransit?

Trostthinksso.

“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetherider

experience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,“shesays.

Andyou'llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.

語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——社會服務——閱讀亭項目

【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運系統(tǒng)的首席通訊官艾麗西亞?特羅斯特根據車站乘客的

需求啟動閱讀亭項目，以便改善乘客的體驗。

5.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?

A.Topromotethelocalculture.

B.Todiscouragephoneuse.

C.Tomeetpassengers*needs.

D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.

答案與解析：C推斷。題干中的kiosk在第二段“there'sakiosk（小亭）forthat”中首次出現，句中的that

指代文章第一段中的"butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted”,即很多人仍然喜歡

選擇傳統(tǒng)方式，讀一些印刷的東西。所以為了滿足乘客需求，BART啟動了閱讀亭項目，故答案為C。

6.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?

A.Bypopularity.B.Bylength.

C.Bytheme.D.Bylanguage.

答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據文章第三段中的“ittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,or

afive-minutestory"和"Youchoosewhichlengthyouwant”可知，你可以根據自己想要的長度選擇1分鐘、3

分鐘或者5分鐘閱讀時長的故事，即閱讀亭里的故事是按長度分類的，故答案為B。

7.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?

A.Organizingastorycontest.

B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.

C.Choosingaprintpublisher.

D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.

答案與解析：A理解具體信息。根據文章第五段中的"wedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmit

storiesforacontest"和"asofrightnow,we*vereceivedabout120submissions”可知，特羅斯特號召藝術家們提交

故事參加比賽，并且目前為止收到了大約120份參賽作品，所以她是在組織故事比賽，故答