人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案 UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

UNIT2HEALTHYLIFESTYLE基礎(chǔ)默寫(xiě)Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫(xiě)其形1.abusen.&vt.濫用；虐待；辱罵2.facilitatevt.促進(jìn)；促使；使便利3.negativeadj.消極的；有害的；否定的4.disciplinen.自制力；紀(jì)律；學(xué)科vt.自我控制；嚴(yán)格要求（自己）；管教5.pilln.藥丸；藥片6.deletevt.刪去；刪除7.shavevi.，vt.&n.剃（須發(fā)）；刮臉8.skipvt.跳過(guò)；不參加vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走n.蹦跳9.dizzyadj.頭暈?zāi)垦５?0.monthlyadv.&adj.每月；每月一次的n.月刊11.enhancevt.提高；增強(qiáng)；增進(jìn)Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.alcoholn.酒；酒精→alcoholicadj.酒精的2.physicaladj.身體的；客觀存在的；物理學(xué)的→physicallyadv.根本上；身體上→physicsn.物理學(xué)→physicistn.物理學(xué)家3.dominatevt.&vi.支配；控制；占有優(yōu)勢(shì)→dominantadj.占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；首要的；占支配地位的4.repeatvt.重復(fù)→repeatedadj.重復(fù)的→repeatedlyadv.重復(fù)地→repetitionn.重復(fù)5.psychologyn.心理學(xué)；心理；心理影響→psychologicaladj.心理的；精神上的；心理學(xué)的→psychologistn.心理學(xué)家6.rewardvt.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；給予報(bào)酬n.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；報(bào)酬→rewardingadj.有益的；報(bào)酬高的7.relyvi.依賴；依靠；信賴→reliableadj.可靠的；可信賴的→reliablyadv.可靠地；可信賴地8.examinevt.（仔細(xì)）檢查；審查；測(cè)驗(yàn)→examinationn.檢查；審查；調(diào)查9.composevt.&vi.組成；作曲；撰寫(xiě)→compositionn.組成；作文；作曲→composern.作曲者10.disturbvt.打擾；攪亂；使煩惱→disturbedadj.煩惱的→disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的→disturbancen.打擾11.specialadj.特別的；特設(shè)的→speciallyadv.特別地；專門(mén)地→specialistn.?？漆t(yī)生；專家→specializevi.專門(mén)研究（或從事）12.consultvt.咨詢；請(qǐng)教；商量→consultantn.顧問(wèn)；高級(jí)顧問(wèn)醫(yī)師13.sugarn.糖→sugaryadj.含糖的；甜的14.refreshvt.使恢復(fù)精力；使涼爽；刷新→refreshingadj.令人振奮的→refreshmentn.煥發(fā)精神；茶點(diǎn)15.absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbedadj.專心致志的；全神貫注的→absorbingadj.非常有趣的；引人入勝的Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.tobaccon.煙草；煙葉2.cuen.提示；暗示；信號(hào)vt.給（某人）暗示（或提示）3.pessimisticadj.悲觀的；悲觀主義的4.surgeonn.外科醫(yī)生5.surgeryn.外科手術(shù)；外科學(xué)6.liberationn.解放；擺脫7.stimulatevt.激發(fā)；促進(jìn)；刺激8.nutn.堅(jiān)果9.dynamicadj.充滿活力的；精力充沛的；動(dòng)態(tài)的Ⅳ.核心短語(yǔ)——明搭配1.formahabitof養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣2.inresponseto回答；答復(fù)3.relyon依賴；依靠；信賴4.straightaway立即；馬上5.decideon決定；選定6.makeupone’smind下定決心7.becomposedof由……組成（或構(gòu)成）的8.shaveoff剃掉；刮去9.stressedout焦慮不安；心力交瘁10.wornout筋疲力盡的；疲憊的11.beaddictedto對(duì)……有癮12.beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于……13.buildupone’sbody增強(qiáng)某人的體質(zhì)14.keepfit保持健康Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式——會(huì)運(yùn)用1.Thesebadhabits，ifleftunchecked，couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.（狀語(yǔ)從句的省略）這些不良習(xí)慣，如果任其發(fā)展，在他們長(zhǎng)大成人后，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更為嚴(yán)重的有害習(xí)慣。2.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange，ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.（that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句）好消息是，如果我們了解習(xí)慣是如何運(yùn)作的，我們就可以作出改變。3.Neithertoomuchnortoolittleisgood.（neither...nor...）太多或太少都不好。4.IgotsoabsorbedthatIplayedthegamesdayandnight.（so...that...）我太入迷了，以至于日夜都在玩游戲。語(yǔ)境自測(cè)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)（用本單元詞匯）1.Thenewtradeagreementshouldfacilitate（促進(jìn)）morerapideconomicgrowth.2.Consideringthesenegative（負(fù)面的）effectslowgravityhasonthehumanbody，astronautsdiscipline（嚴(yán)格要求）themselvestodoatleasttwohoursofexerciseeveryday.3.Peoplewhoabusetheirpoweratwillaresuretobepunishedsoonerorlater.4.Thedoctorsaidthatyoumightfeelsleepyaftertakingthesepills.5.Weshouldformthehabitofbackingourfilesupincasewedeletethembymistake.6.Thisisagoodopportunitytoenhancethereputationofthecompanyacrossthecountryandfurtherincreaseitsshareofthemarket.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thebookwassoabsorbingthatshewastotallyabsorbedinit.（absorb）2.Thephysicisthasbeeninterestedinphysicssincechildhoodandhasovercomelotsofphysicaldifficulties，forheisphysicallydisabled.（physical）3.Thecompanywantedhimtobetheirconsultant，butherefusedafterheconsultedwithhisfriends.（consult）4.YoucanalwaysrelyonPeter，areliablefriendwhoisalwaysthereforyou.（rely）5.AspecialistinpsychologywillattendthemeetingandmakeaspecialspeechforusonWednesday.（special）6.Peoplewerealldisturbedbythedisturbingfactsthenewspaperreportedyesterday.（disturb）7.Thisexperienceisrewardingnotonlyforitsrewards，butalsofortheteamspiritwegainedfromit.（reward）8.Hemissedthegoalrepeatedlyatthebeginning；however，therepetitionofaimingenabledhimtoperfecthistechnique.（repeat）Ⅲ.用方框內(nèi)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子inresponseto relyon stressedoutbeaccustomedto straightaway1.Afterseeingthedepressedexpressiononhisface，Iknewstraightawaythatsomethingbadhadhappened.2.Itwassometimebeforethedooropenedinresponsetohisring.3.Heisaccustomedtorisingearlyanddoingsomeexerciseinthemorningeveryday.4.YoumayrelyonitthatHaileywillcomeandhelpuswhenweareinneed.5.Thereformofeducationaimstoresolvetheproblemthatmanystudentsareoverburdenedandstressedout，havingtocopewithtoomuchwork.Ⅳ.句式仿寫(xiě)1.當(dāng)被問(wèn)到為什么遲到時(shí)，他保持沉默。（狀語(yǔ)從句的省略）Whenaskedwhyhewaslate，hekeptsilent.2.應(yīng)該特別注意的是，塑料和廢舊電池等有害物品不應(yīng)與其他垃圾混合。（that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句）Whatshouldbepaidspecialattentiontoisthatsuchharmfulitemsasplasticsandusedbatteriesshouldnotbemixedwithotherwastes.3.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的洞穴不大也不小，對(duì)兩個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)足夠溫暖舒適。（neither...nor...）Thecavetheyfoundwasneitherbignorsmall，cosyenoughfortwopersons.4.看到奶奶，阿里高興得熱淚盈眶。（so...that...）Aliwassohappytoseehisgrandmotherthattearsofjoywereshininginhiseyes.1.It’seasyforteenagerstoformbadhabitswhichhavenegativeimpactsontheirphysicalandmentalhealth，sopreventingharmfulhabitsisimportant.Asthesayinggoes，"Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo，"whichisindicatedintheconceptof"habitcycle"inmodernpsychology.Thenhowdoesthe"habitcycle"work？Firstly，thereisa"cue"asasignal.Thenthereisa"routine"inresponsetothecue.Finally，thereisthe"reward"，thegoodthingwegetfromtheroutinestimulatinganotherrepetitionofthecycle.Tofacilitateapositivechangetobadhabits，wemustexamineourbadhabitcycles，decideonwhatchangeswillbemadeandtrytoadjustthem.Remembernottobepessimisticifyoudon’tsucceedstraightaway.Afterall，thereisno"magicpill"ordeletebutton！2.Igotsoabsorbedinmobilegamesbefore，anotheraddictivethingotherthanalcoholandcigarettesaccordingtospecialists，thatIoftenfeltdizzyandwornoutsinceIalsohadtokeepupwithmyschoolwork.Therefore，Imadeupmymindtochangeandrefreshmyselfthen.First，Iarrangedthetimeusedonmymobilephonereasonably，insteadofrelyingonmyparentstoenhancemydiscipline.Second，Iturnedtodifferentactivitiesinsparetime，likeskateboarding，bowling，swimming，andwatchingcomedies，sinceahealthylifeiscomposedofmanyparts.Withtheliberationfrommobilegames，adynamicstudenthascomeback.1rewardn.回報(bào)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；報(bào)酬vt.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；獎(jiǎng)賞；給以報(bào)酬1.[人教選必①－3]Itisbothchallengingandrewarding（reward）tostudyabroad.2.Thebabyrewardedhismotherwithasmileforsingingtohim.3.Itisunfairthatthespecialistgetsverylittleinrewardforhishardwork.注意inrewardfor中，reward前沒(méi)有冠詞，而asarewardfor中，reward前有冠詞a。4.無(wú)論誰(shuí)找到錢(qián)包，在他/她歸還它的那一刻，就一定會(huì)得到50元的報(bào)酬。Whoeverfindsthewalletisguaranteed/sure/certain/boundtoberewardedwith50yuanthemomenthe/shereturnsit.★asareward（for）作為（對(duì)……的）報(bào)酬/獎(jiǎng)賞inreward（for）作為（對(duì)……的）報(bào)答★rewardsb.withsth.for（doing）sth.為（做）某事而用某物酬謝某人★rewardingadj.值得做的；有益的；報(bào)酬高的2composevt.&vi.作曲vt.組成；撰寫(xiě)；使鎮(zhèn)靜1.[北師必修③－7]He（Beethoven）isregardedasoneofthegreatestcomposers（compose）inthehistoryofmusic.注意空處除了要使用名詞外，還因空前有oneof，要變復(fù)數(shù)。2.周五晚上關(guān)于心理學(xué)的講座由三部分組成。 （通知）→①ThreepartscomposethelectureonpsychologyonFridaynight.→②ThelectureonpsychologyonFridaynightiscomposedof/consistsof/ismadeupof/iscomprisedofthreeparts.注意consistof直接以主動(dòng)形式表示"由……組成"?！颾ecomposedof（＝consistof/bemadeupof/becomprisedof）由……組成★compositionn.作曲；創(chuàng)作；作品；作文；組成★composern.作曲家3refreshvt.使恢復(fù)精力；使涼爽；刷新；使想起1.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的含義①[譯林選必④－4]Thisisnottosuggestthatthereisnoneedforyoutostudyinschoolbuttoacknowledgethatrefreshingyourknowledgethroughlifelonglearningisbothessentialandbeneficial.刷新acknowledge在此處意為"承認(rèn)"，后接了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中refreshingyourknowledge是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。②Acoolshowerrefreshedhimstraightawayafteralongtravelintheburningsun. 使涼爽，使恢復(fù)精力③Theoldmanhadtorefreshhismemoryoftheregularphysicalexaminationbylookingathisnotemonthly. 使想起2.[譯林選必④－3]Getagoodnight’srestsothatyoufeelandlookrefreshed（refresh）.3.Whilewaitingforthetrafficlights，Irolleddownthewindowtorefreshmyselfwithfreshair（用新鮮空氣來(lái)提神）. （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)）★refreshoneself（withsth.）（用……）提神refreshone’smemory喚起某人的記憶★refreshedadj.精神振作的refreshingadj.令人耳目一新的；使人精力充沛的refreshmentn.恢復(fù)活力；食物和飲料；[pl.]（會(huì)議或旅行等期間提供的）茶點(diǎn)4absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；吸收；理解，掌握；使并入；減輕作用；耗費(fèi)4.[外研必修②－4]BecauseIthoughtballetwasmoreorlessthesameeverywhere，Iwastotallyunpreparedforitsuniquebeauty.Assoonasthecurtainrose，Iwasabsorbed（absorb）.5.[譯林選必④－2]TheEnglish-speakingcommunitydoesnothesitateaboutabsorbingforeignwordsintoitsdailyvocabulary.6.[外研選必②－5]Producersabsorbwateranddissolvednutrientsfromthesoil.Theyalsomaketheirownfoodbyabsorbinglightfromthesun.句意：生產(chǎn)者從土壤中吸收水分和溶解的養(yǎng)分。它們還通過(guò)吸收太陽(yáng)光來(lái)制造自己的食物。這里producer指生物學(xué)中的"生產(chǎn)者"，指的是能用簡(jiǎn)單的無(wú)機(jī)物合成有機(jī)物的自養(yǎng)型生物。7.露西倚著一棵大樹(shù)，正在專心致志地讀書(shū)，這時(shí)一只小兔子從草叢里蹦了出來(lái)。（讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之場(chǎng)景描寫(xiě)）Leaningagainstabigtree，Lucywasabsorbedinreadingwhenalittlerabbitpoppedoutfromthegrass.（absorbed）表示"集中注意力于/全神貫注于……"的還有：concentrate（one’smind/attention）on，beburied/lostin，keepone’smindon，focus/fixone’smind/attentionon，loseoneselfin/buryoneselfin，payattentionto?！颽bsorb...from...從……中吸收……o...把……吸收進(jìn)……★absorbedadj.被……吸引住的；全神貫注的beabsorbedin全神貫注于★absorbingadj.十分吸引人的5relyon/upon依賴；依靠；信賴；指望（depend/counton/upon）1.[譯林選必①－2]Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic，soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroduce（introduce）metosomegreatsongs.2.[譯林選必④－1]ButIknowJimmywillmeetmehereifhe’salive，forhealwayswasthetruestandmostreliable（rely）fellowintheworld.由空前與空處并列的truest可知，空處也應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。3.每當(dāng)我學(xué)英語(yǔ)有困難時(shí)，我都相信你能給我一些建議。（感謝信）→①IcanrelyonyoutooffermesomeadvicewheneverI’mintroublewithmyEnglish.（不定式）→②IcanrelyonitthatyouwilloffermesomeadvicewheneverI’mintroublewithmyEnglish.（it作形式賓語(yǔ)）★relyon/upon...for...依靠……獲得……relyon...todosth.依靠/相信……做某事relyonitthat...相信/指望……★reliableadj.可信賴的；真實(shí)可信的6decideon決定；選定1.[譯林選必④－3]Youmayhaveabrilliantidea，butbeforeyoudecidetoput（put）itintoaction，itiswisetoweighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisoption.2.[人教選必④－5]Isitessentialthatteenagersdecideon/uponacareerbeforetheybecomeadults？3.Thegrowingpressureofthecrisismaymeanthatthemomentofdecision（decide）can’tbetoolongdelayed.4.檢查面試地址，決定使用何種交通方式，并為交通延誤留出額外時(shí)間。 （建議信）Checktheaddressoftheinterview，decidewhat（modeof）transport/transportationtouseandallowextratimefortrafficdelays.★decidetodosth.決定做某事decideon/upon決定；選定decidebetweenAandB在A和B之間作出抉擇decide＋特殊疑問(wèn)句＋todo決定……★decisionn.決定；作決定；決斷（力）undecidedadj.未作出決定的；猶豫不決的7makeupone’smind下定決心1.[人教選必①－5]Whethertheycanliveahealthylifeisthefirstthingtheyareconsidering.Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomove（move）tothecountryside，wheretheycanliveagreenlife.2.Integrityandhonestyarewordsthat/whichcome/springtomind（突然想到）whentalkingoftheman.3.Shecouldn’tkeep/fix/concentratehermindonherschoolwork（無(wú)法把注意力集中在功課上），withloudcheersoutsidedisturbingherconstantly.4.[譯林選必①－1]Themooncakeisalwaysmyfavouritebecauseofitssatisfyingtastethatisoutofthisworldandthehappymemoriesitbringstomind（它喚起的美好回憶）.（中國(guó)文化）短語(yǔ)"bring...tomind"的主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，意為"想起，記起"，主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，意為"使想起，使記起"。當(dāng)"bring"后的賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)，通常將其放在短語(yǔ)后面以避免頭重腳輕。例如：ThepaintingbringstomindsomeofPicasso’searlyworks.這幅油畫(huà)使人想起了畢加索早期的作品。5.[外研必修①－4]但我們需要記住，我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上看到的往往不是關(guān)于一個(gè)人的全部真相。Butweneedtokeep/bearinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.★makeupone’smindtodosth.下定決心做某事★changeone’smind改變主意keep/bear...inmind（keep/bearinmindthat...）記住……keep/fix/concentrateone’smindon全神貫注于……sth.comes/springstomind突然想到bring/call...tomind（使）想起……8either...or.../neither...nor...或者……或者……/既不……也不……1.[外研必修③－3]However，neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentare（be）entirelytrue.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace，morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)按"就近原則"確定。thedetailsoftheexperiment表示復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，又根據(jù)第二句的時(shí)態(tài)可知，空處也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。2.[外研選必④－2]AlthoughtheytryveryhardtofindtheBlueBird，thebirdstheyfindeitherchangecolourordie.either...or.../neither...nor...還可連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞或分句。3.Tomdidn’tgotothecinemayesterdayatlast.Mikedidn’t，either.→NeitherTomnorMikewenttothecinemayesterdayatlast.（neither...nor...）4.如果你需要更多信息，你可以通過(guò)郵件或電話聯(lián)系我。（告知信）Ifyouneedmoreinformation，youcancontactmeeitherbyemailorbyphone.★either...or.../neither...nor...為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)按"就近原則"確定。9狀語(yǔ)從句的省略1.Thoughfrightened（frighten），thecalfgatheredallherstrengthtogetupbutslippedoverandoveragain. （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)）本句中由Though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句若補(bǔ)充完整，為T(mén)houghshewasfrightened，從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)thecalf一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞was，故從句可省略shewas。2.Whenadapting（adapt）theplay，weranintosomedifficulties.本句中由When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句若補(bǔ)充完整，為Whenwewereadaptingtheplay，從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞were，故從句可省略wewere。3.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記自己面對(duì)那次事故中的傷員時(shí)那種無(wú)力的感覺(jué)。Iwouldneverforgetthefeelingofpowerlessnesswhenfacedwith/facingtheinjuredinthataccident.（face）"面對(duì)，面臨某人或某事物"可用facesb./sth.，也可用befacedwithsb./sth.?！锸÷詶l件：狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是it或者與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞?！锸÷孕问剑菏÷詮木渲械膇t或主語(yǔ)以及be動(dòng)詞。后綴-ly本單元：month（月）＋-ly（按……）→monthly（按月來(lái)算→每月的，按月的）拓展：1.[北師必修③－9]Thismeanstimely（time）reviewduringthisperiod，withafewrevisitstowhatislearnt，cansignificantlyhelpustoremembertheinformation.句意：這意味著在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，對(duì)所學(xué)內(nèi)容重看幾次，可以大大幫助我們記住信息。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，means后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，"（time）reviewduringthisperiod"為賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)?？仗幬挥诿~review前，故應(yīng)用形容詞。time"時(shí)間"，-ly"……的"，timely→時(shí)間的→及時(shí)的。2.[2021新高考Ⅰ]Thestaffisfriendly（friend）andhelpful，providingyouwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive，andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.3.[人教選必①－2]Yourhomewillalsolearnyourdaily（day）routineandpreferences，soeverythingwillbereadyforyouwhenyougethomeeachevening.day"天，日"，－ly"按……"，daily→按天來(lái)算→每日的；按日的。4.[人教必修③－3]Iwalkedaroundlookingatthestreetartforafewhours.Itwasquitemodernandlively（live）.liveadj.活的/v.活，ly"像……的"，lively→像活的一樣→活潑的。注意：通常情況下，n.＋-ly→adj.，adj.＋-ly→adv.。但有些形容詞或動(dòng)詞后加-ly，也可變?yōu)樾稳菰~。類似的還有：lonely"孤獨(dú)的"，deadly"致命的"，likely"可能的"，costly"花費(fèi)大的"，等等。5.[人教選必②-1]Askingquestionscanhelpyouunderstandthecontent.Itcanalsohelpyouthinkmoredeeply（deep）aboutthetopic.deep也可以作副詞，表示"至深處"，deeply表示"深刻地；非常；至深處"。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處應(yīng)用deeply。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，若一個(gè)單詞帶不帶-ly都可作副詞，不帶-ly的副詞多表示原義，而帶-ly的副詞多表示引申的含義。幾組常見(jiàn)易混的帶-ly和不帶-ly的副詞：late"遲，晚"，lately"近來(lái)"；hard"努力地，費(fèi)力地"，hardly"幾乎不"；last"最后；最近"，lastly"（幾項(xiàng)中）最后一點(diǎn)；（一系列動(dòng)作或事件中）最后"。Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配1.[2023全國(guó)甲]Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport？Ordoyoujustwanttobephysically（physical）fit，abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility？3.[2022浙江1月]Fornearlyadecadenow，Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist（special）.4.[2022浙江1月]Afterlongdiscussionswesomehowagreedtodoastudyonthepsychological（psychology）well-beingofteenagers.注意空后的well-being為名詞，意為"健康，安樂(lè)"。5.[2021全國(guó)乙]Still，55percentofAustralianshavealandline（座機(jī)）phoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29％）relyonlyontheirsmartphones，accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.6.[北京高考]Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents，andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.7.[全國(guó)Ⅰ]Whenthecontainerisfull，youcansucktherefreshment（refresh）outthroughthetube，andwon’thavetobreakdownthestill（蒸餾器）everytimeyouneedadrink.句意：當(dāng)容器裝滿（水）時(shí)，你可以通過(guò)管子把水吸出來(lái)，這樣就不必在每次需要喝水的時(shí)候都破壞蒸餾器了。refreshment泛指"食物"或"飲料"時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，指"（會(huì)議或旅行等期間提供的）茶點(diǎn)"時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.[浙江高考]Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort，he’sreliable（rely）.9.[全國(guó)Ⅰ]Ourmonthly（month）talksstartat19：30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Ⅱ.閱讀理解——一詞多義、熟詞生義1.A.v.吸收 B.adj.全神貫注的C.v.理解，掌握①[2020新高考Ⅰ]Infact，mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage. C②[全國(guó)Ⅰ]Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD. A③[全國(guó)Ⅱ]ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach. B2.[2021天津]Shehadtotaketimetodisciplineherdaughter. v.管教discipline作名詞還可表示"紀(jì)律；自制力；學(xué)科"。如：☆Theschoolhasareputationforhighstandardsofdiscipline.這所學(xué)校因紀(jì)律嚴(yán)格而聞名遐邇?！頗e’llnevergetanywhereworkingforhimself─he’sgotnodiscipline.他為自己工作是不會(huì)有什么成就的——他毫無(wú)自制力。☆Toanswerthesequestions，Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines.為了回答這些問(wèn)題，布魯克斯調(diào)查了非常多學(xué)科。3.[2020江蘇]Beforeoneoftheseworkouts，themenskippedbreakfast，meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast（禁食）.v.不做（應(yīng)做的事等）；不參加句意：在其中一次這樣的鍛煉之前，這些人不吃早餐，這意味著他們?cè)谕ㄏ澈笸耆崭瑰憻?。Before引出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，meaning...是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。skip作動(dòng)詞，意思較多：蹦跳；跳（繩）；略過(guò)；快速轉(zhuǎn)移（話題）；悄悄溜走；打水漂。4.[江蘇高考]Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry，you’dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars：Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies. v.攪亂mom-and-popadj.（商店或企業(yè)）夫妻（或家庭）經(jīng)營(yíng)的。disturb熟義為"打擾"，除此之外，還有"使焦慮，使不安，使煩惱"之意。如：Thelettershockedanddisturbedme.這封信使我感到震驚和不安。5.[江蘇高考]IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimps（黑猩猩）onthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld. adj.客觀存在的，物質(zhì)的句意：在托馬塞洛進(jìn)行的測(cè)試中，人類兒童在客觀世界測(cè)試中的表現(xiàn)并不比黑猩猩好，但在理解社會(huì)世界方面明顯表現(xiàn)得更好。physicalworld與socialworld相對(duì)應(yīng)。physical熟義為"身體的"，除此之外還有"物理學(xué)的"意思，如：physicallaws"物理定律"。Ⅲ.寫(xiě)作——基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)寫(xiě)作一基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作——越野賽跑活動(dòng)報(bào)道[2020新高考Ⅰ]假定你是李華，上周日你校舉辦了5公里越野賽跑活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你為校英文報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：1.參加人員；2.跑步路線：從校門(mén)口到南山腳下；3.活動(dòng)反響。◎?qū)懽饕c(diǎn)1.為了讓我們學(xué)生振奮起來(lái)，激發(fā)我們對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興趣，我們學(xué)校上周日組織了一場(chǎng)5公里越野賽跑。（refresh，stimulate）Inordertorefreshusstudentsandstimulateourinterestinexercise，ourschoolorganizeda5kmcross-countryracelastSunday.2.來(lái)自20個(gè)班級(jí)的90名學(xué)生報(bào)名了比賽，其中30名是女生，沒(méi)有一人逃賽。（skip）Ninetystudentsfromtwentyclasses，ofwhomthirtyweregirls，enteredfortherace，andnoneofthemskippedit.3.早上9點(diǎn)，參賽者們一接到信號(hào)就從學(xué)校門(mén)口出發(fā)了，經(jīng)過(guò)人民公園，最后到達(dá)了南山腳下，疲憊不堪，但很開(kāi)心。（wornout）Atnineo’clockinthemorning，theparticipantssetoutfromtheschoolgateassoonastheyreceivedthesignal，throughtheRenminPark，andfinallyarrivedatthefootofNanshanMountain，wornoutbuthappy.4.比賽很有意義，不僅提高了我們的身體和心理素質(zhì)，而且?guī)椭覀儤?shù)立了積極的生活態(tài)度。（rewarding，physical，psychological）Theracewasrewarding，notonlyimprovingourphysicalandpsychologicalqualities，butalsohelpingusbuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.◎連句成篇請(qǐng)運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將以上寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)串聯(lián)成一篇語(yǔ)意連貫的短文。ACross-CountryRunningRaceInordertorefreshusstudentsandstimulateourinterestinexercise，ourschoolorganizeda5kmcross-countryracelastSunday.Ninetystudentsfromtwentyclasses，ofwhomthirtyweregirls，enteredfortherace，andnoneofthemskippedit.Atnineo’clockinthemorning，theparticipantssetoutfromtheschoolgateassoonastheyreceivedthesignal，throughtheRenminPark，andfinallyarrivedatthefootofNanshanMountain，wornoutbuthappy.Allofusagreedthattheracewasrewarding，notonlyimprovingourphysicalandpsychologicalqualities，butalsohelpingusbuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.Therefore，wedohopethattheschoolwillholdmoresimilaractivitiesinthefuture.寫(xiě)作二讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)——?jiǎng)幼髅鑼?xiě)之各種"笑"積累背誦仿寫(xiě)運(yùn)用單詞smile，laugh，grin咧嘴笑，giggle咯咯地笑，chuckle輕聲地笑根據(jù)左欄素材完成下列各句1."我成功了。"我高興地喊道，然后轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，對(duì)姐姐報(bào)以溫暖的微笑。"Imadeit，"Icriedindelightandturnedaround，castingawarmsmileatmysister.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）2.老師盡管對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果很失望，但還是勉強(qiáng)露出一絲微笑。Althoughtheteacherwasdisappointedattheresult，hestillforced/squeezedasmile.3.他用方言講了個(gè)笑話，逗得大家哈哈大笑。Hetoldajokeindialect，makingeveryoneroarwithlaughter.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）4.聽(tīng)到我們隊(duì)贏得了比賽，教練笑得合不攏嘴。Hearingthatourteamwonthematch，ourcoachgrinned/smiledfromeartoear.5.當(dāng)意識(shí)到我們有多么傻的時(shí)候我們都笑得渾身直抖。Weallshookwithlaughterwhenwerealizedhowstupidwe’dbeen.詞組1.grin/smilefromeartoear笑得合不攏嘴2.force/squeezeasmile勉強(qiáng)露出一絲微笑3.castasmileatsb.向某人微笑4.abright/bigsmile/grin燦爛的笑容5.laughone’sheadoff狂笑不已6.burstintolaughter突然大笑7.roarwithlaughter放聲大笑8.shakewithlaughter笑得渾身直抖佳句1.Shewasrelievedtoseehisfacelightupwithaboyishgrin.看到他臉上現(xiàn)出孩子氣的笑容，她總算松了口氣。2.Theaudienceroaredwithlaughteratthecomedians’jokes.觀眾們被喜劇演員的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。3.WhenIwalkedpasther，sheflashedashysmileatmewithoutsayinganything.我從她旁邊走過(guò)時(shí)，她羞怯地朝我一笑，什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。一、閱讀理解A[健康意識(shí)/2023甘肅蘭州一診]Ministerswillofferrewardssuchasclothesvouchers（票券）anddiscountedthemeparkticketsinreturnforexercisingandeatinghealthily，underplanstosolveBritain’sobesitycrisis.Theanti-obesityproject，whichusesanapptohelppeoplemakechangestotheirdietandphysicalactivity，willlaunchnextyear，initiallyinapilot（試驗(yàn)性的）project.ParticipantswillwearFitbit-styledevicesthatcangeneratepersonalizedhealthrecommendations，suchasincreasingtheirstepcount，eatingmorefruitandvegetablesandreducingportion（分量）size.Thoseincreasingtheirexercisebytakingpartinorganizedeventssuchasparkrunsorwalkingtoschoolorworkmayaccumulateextrapointsintheapp.Theappcouldalsobeusedtomonitorsupermarketspending，rewardingthosewhocuttheircalorieintakeandbuyhealthieroptions.Participantswillcollectpointsfortheirhealthybehaviors，whichwillunlockrewardsthatcouldincludegympasses，clothesorfoodvouchersanddiscountsforshops，cinemaorthemeparktickets.Afteracompetitivetender（投標(biāo)）process，HeadUphasbeenchosentodelivertheproject，with3millionpoundscomingfromtheDepartmentofHealthandSocialCaretoprovideincentivesinthepilot.Evidencesuggestsfinancialincentivescanimproveratesofphysicalactivityandinspirehealthiereating.HeadUpwillworkwitharangeoforganizationstoproviderewardssuchasvouchers，discountsandgiftcards.SajidJavid，thehealthsecretary，said："Thisnewpilotwillpavethewayfordevelopinginnovativewaystoimprovethelivesofindividuals，andalsohelptoreducestressontheNationalHealthService.Thispilotisanexcellentopportunitytofindhowbesttoinspirepeopletomakesmallchangestotheirdailylivesthatwillhavealastingpositiveimpactontheirhealth."為了解決英國(guó)社會(huì)的肥胖危機(jī)，英國(guó)政府推出了反肥胖運(yùn)動(dòng)。1.What’sthepurposeofintroducingtheanti-obesityproject？A.Toprotectpeople’shealth.B.Tohelppeoplesavemoney.C.Toencourageresearchineducation.D.Tofindacureforobesity-relatedillnesses.解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段"Ministerswilloffer...planstosolveBritain’sobesitycrisis"和第二段中的"usesanapptohelppeoplemakechangestotheirdietandphysicalactivity"可以看出，反肥胖運(yùn)動(dòng)是為了解決英國(guó)社會(huì)的肥胖危機(jī)，保障人民身體健康，故A項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondparagraph？A.Theprojecthasbeenproventobeverysuccessful.B.Participantswillunlocktherewardsbyusingtheapp.C.Participantswillberewardediftheyliveahealthylifestyle.D.ParticipantswillloseweightwhentheywearFitbit-styledevices.解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"rewardingthosewhocuttheircalorieintakeandbuyhealthieroptions.Participantswillcollectpointsfortheirhealthybehaviors，whichwillunlockrewards...tickets"可知，如果參與者減少卡路里攝入、購(gòu)買更健康的食品，也就是有一個(gè)健康的生活方式，他們就可以獲得各種形式的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和積分，故C項(xiàng)正確。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"incentives"inParagraph3probablymean？A.Data. B.Suggestions.C.Rewards. D.Products.解析C詞義猜測(cè)題。由畫(huà)線詞前面的"with3millionpoundscomingfromtheDepartmentofHealthandSocialCare"和第二段的內(nèi)容可知，衛(wèi)生與社會(huì)保障部會(huì)投資300萬(wàn)英鎊來(lái)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些采用健康生活方式的參與者，因此畫(huà)線詞incentives應(yīng)表示"獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，鼓勵(lì)"，故C項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線詞在意義上最為接近。4.What’sSajidJavid’sattitudetowardstheanti-obesityproject？A.Negative. B.Positive.C.Indifferent. D.Notclear.解析B態(tài)度推斷題。由最后一段中SajidJavid所說(shuō)的話"Thisnewpilotwillpavethewayfordevelopinginnovativewaystoimprovethelives...helptoreducestress...Thispilotisanexcellentopportunity...positiveimpactontheirhealth"可以看出，SajidJavid對(duì)反肥胖運(yùn)動(dòng)持積極的態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。B[2024貴州貴陽(yáng)摸底]OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones，onaverage，344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.Theproblemformanyofusisthatonequickphone-relatedtaskleadstoaquickcheckofouremailorsocialmediafeeds，andsuddenlywe’vebeentrappedintoendlessscrolling（刷屏）.Whatwedoknowisthatthesimpledistractionofcheckingaphoneorseeinganotification（通知）canhavenegativeconsequences.Thisisn’tverysurprising；weknowthat，ingeneral，multitaskingharmsmemoryandperformance.Oneofthemostdangerousexamplesisphoneusewhiledriving.Onestudyfoundthatmerelyspeakingonthephone，nottexting，wasenoughtomakedriversslowertoreactontheroad.It’strueforeverydaytasks，too.Simplyhearinganotification"ding"madeparticipantsofanotherstudyperformfarworseonatask—almostasbadlyasparticipantswhowerespeakingortextingonthephoneduringthetask.Inonerecentstudy，forexample，researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothemsotheywerevisible（likeonadesk），nearbyandoutofsight（likeinabagorpocket），orinanotherroom.Participantsthencompletedaseriesoftaskstotesttheirabilitiestoprocessandrememberinformation，theirproblem-solving，andtheirfocus.Theywerefoundtoperformfarbetterwhentheirphoneswereinanotherroominsteadofnearby—whethervisible，poweredonornot.Thatheldtrueeventhoughmostoftheparticipantsclaimednottobeconsciouslythinkingabouttheirdevices.Ourbrainsmaybesubconsciouslyhardatworkonpreventingthedesirefromcheckingourphones，orconstantlymonitoringtheenvironmenttoseeifweshouldcheckourphone（eg.waitingforanotification）.Eitherway，thisdistractedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.Theonly"fix"，theresearchersfound，wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely.手機(jī)會(huì)讓人們分心，而這不免會(huì)引發(fā)負(fù)面后果。究其原因，多任務(wù)處理會(huì)損害人們的注意力和表現(xiàn)。【詞語(yǔ)積累】devicen.裝置，設(shè)備multitaskingn.多任務(wù)處理visibleadj.可見(jiàn)的，看得見(jiàn)的processv.處理，加工claimv.聲稱，宣稱constantlyadv.重復(fù)不斷地，一直，始終entirelyadv.完全地，徹底地1.WhatdidtherecentreportinParagraph1find？A.Multitaskingisverydangerous.B.Thenotificationisalwaysheard.C.Peopleareaddictedtomobilephones.D.Peoplelikedoingphone-relatedtasks.解析C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的"OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones...ontheirdevicesintotal"可知，最近的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國(guó)成年人平均每天查看手機(jī)344次——每4分鐘一次——每天總共花在手機(jī)上的時(shí)間接近3個(gè)小時(shí)。再結(jié)合第一段的"suddenlywe’vebeentrappedintoendlessscrolling（刷屏）"可知，人們會(huì)突然陷入無(wú)止境的刷屏中。因此該報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)手機(jī)上癮，故選C項(xiàng)。2.Howisthetextdeveloped？A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Byexaminingdifferences.C.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.D.Byanalyzingcausesandgivingexamples.解