Unit4重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

8AU4【wele】instructionn.指示（可數(shù)）followtheinstruction遵循指示hadbetterdosth最好做某事縮寫(xiě)：’dbetterhadbetternotdosth最好不要做某事Noproblem.“沒(méi)問(wèn)題”表示同意或愉快地答應(yīng)請(qǐng)求“不用謝；別客氣；沒(méi)什么”用來(lái)回答感謝（主要用于美式英語(yǔ)）“沒(méi)關(guān)系，沒(méi)什么”用來(lái)回答道歉exactadj.確切的→exactlyadv.確切地；精確地standfor代表，象征（不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)；不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）WhenyoudoDIY，youmake,repairordecoratethingsyourselfinsteadofpayingsomeonetodoit.當(dāng)你做DIY的時(shí)候，你自己制作、修補(bǔ)或裝飾東西，而不是付錢(qián)讓某人做這些（事情）。insteadof介詞短語(yǔ)“而不是；代替”+名詞/代詞/vinginstaedadv.“代替；而不是”在句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用于句末；位于句首時(shí)，通常后面用逗號(hào)與后面隔開(kāi)，起鏈接上下句的作用。apairofscissors“一把剪刀”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)scissors剪刀通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式apairofgloves/shoes/glasses/trousers/sockssomethingnew新東西→復(fù)合不定代詞+adj./todo【reading】becrazyabout(doing)sth對(duì)（做）某事著迷Heoncetiredtoputinabrightlightinhisbedroom,buthemadeamistake.once①adv.“曾經(jīng)，一度”表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或過(guò)去某段時(shí)間。當(dāng)表示過(guò)去某段經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，它也放在句首作狀語(yǔ)。②adv.“一次”，表示頻率putin安裝（名隨代中）makeamistake/makemistakes犯錯(cuò)putup掛起；張貼；舉起；搭起puton穿上putaway放好putoff推遲putout熄滅fill...with...用...填充...befilledwith=befullofnotonly...butalso...不僅...而且...著重強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，遵循就近原則Notonlyyoubutalsohehastoleave.不只是你，他也得離開(kāi)。6.詞條用法例句on表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的表面上，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者接觸Thereisacuponthetable.over指一物在另一物的垂直上方，多暗指懸空，反義詞underThere’sabridgeovertheriverabove某物的位置高于另一物，但不一定是在正上方，不接觸另一物，反義詞belowThesunrisesabovethehorizon。太陽(yáng)在地平線上升起。7.buysbsth=buysthforsb8.adviseabtodosth建議某人做某事advicen.建議apieceofadvice一條建議already“已經(jīng)”通常用在肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中用yet.attendclass/lesson/meeting/concert等【grammar】Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.用一把剪刀剪出卡片。cutcuttingcutcutthrough開(kāi)辟cutin插入cutup切碎cutdown削減cutout刪除cutoff切斷Drawapictureaboutthewordsorsentenceontheothersideofthecard.在卡片的另外一面畫(huà)一副與詞語(yǔ)或句子相關(guān)的圖畫(huà)。ontheothersidesideof...“在...的另一邊/面”這個(gè)詞組常用于只有兩邊/面的事物，如街道street,道路road,河流river，紙張papergiveup(放棄)+名詞/代詞/vinggiveaway贈(zèng)送;捐贈(zèng)giveout分發(fā)givein屈服；投降giveback歸還giveoff發(fā)出（蒸汽，光）withoutprep.沒(méi)有，不（做某事）+名詞/代詞/vingsometime某時(shí)sometime一段時(shí)間sometimes偶爾，有時(shí)sometimes幾次祈使句當(dāng)我們向他人發(fā)出命令，提出要求或建議時(shí)，常使用祈使句。祈使句的祝愿時(shí)you（聽(tīng)話(huà)人），通常不明確表示出來(lái)。句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句Do型：動(dòng)詞原形（+賓語(yǔ)）+其他成分。Haveaseathere.這邊坐。Be型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。Beagoodchild!要做一個(gè)好孩子！Let型：Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。Letmehelpyou.讓我來(lái)幫你。否定句Do型和Be型均在句首加Don’t構(gòu)成。Don’tbelateforschool!上學(xué)不要遲到！Let型的否定形式有兩種：Don’t+let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。Let+賓語(yǔ)+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。Don’tlethimgo.=Lethimnotgo.反義疑問(wèn)句祈使句+willyou/won’tyou?Openthewindow,willyou?Letus不包括聽(tīng)話(huà)者在內(nèi)，指示對(duì)聽(tīng)話(huà)者說(shuō)，反義疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)仍然為youLetusplaywithsnow,willyou?讓我們玩雪，好嗎？Letusplaywithsnow,shallwe?咱們玩雪吧，好嗎？Let’s是表示第一人稱(chēng)的祈使句，包含說(shuō)話(huà)者，所以反義疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)為we.※（1）有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下，動(dòng)詞可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.有些祈使句可用No開(kāi)頭，用來(lái)表示禁止。Nosmoking!禁止吸煙！為了使祈使句聽(tīng)來(lái)比較客氣，委婉，除了用please外，句末還可用willyou。Readthetext,willyou?讀一下這篇文章，好嗎？在祈使句的前面加上do可以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，有makesure(一定，務(wù)必)的意思。Doremembertocallme.祈使句的答句常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Don’tsmokehere.Sorry,Iwon’t.用should和hadbetter提建議should和hadbetter都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形，而且均無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。should“應(yīng)該”，常用來(lái)表示勸告、建議或義務(wù)，其語(yǔ)氣比must及hadbetter委婉，否定形式直接在后面加not(shouldnotdosth)。hadbetter“最好”,常用來(lái)提出建議，語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)一些，其中had?？s略為’d,其否定形式是直接在后面加not(hadbetternotdosth)?！?）在含有hadbetter的反義疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)部分一般用“had+主語(yǔ)”，但有時(shí)也可用“willyou”,表示一種請(qǐng)求或建議。You’dbetternotgoouttoday,hadyou?You’dbetteretomyhouse,willyou?(2)對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩或上級(jí)說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，應(yīng)避免使用hadbetter，比較有禮貌的說(shuō)法是“Itmay/mightbebetterforyoutodosth”Itmightbebetterforyoutotakeataxi.【integratedskills&studyskills&task】mixvt/vi.混合mixwith...與..混合起來(lái)mixup弄錯(cuò)，弄混mixedadj.混合的addvt/vi增加，補(bǔ)充add...to...把...加到...中去；往...中加...補(bǔ)充（說(shuō)道），即“又說(shuō)；繼續(xù)說(shuō)”Usefruitinseason.用當(dāng)季水果。inseason當(dāng)季outofseason淡季makesure確保；查明；弄清楚makesureof/about/todo/that從句makesure“務(wù)必，確?！被颉皩⒛呈屡宄眀esure“確信”，指某人對(duì)某事對(duì)某種情況有把握f(shuō)orexample“例如”，強(qiáng)調(diào)舉例說(shuō)明，一般只舉同類(lèi)人或物中的一個(gè)作為插入語(yǔ)，且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，可置于句首，句中或句末suchas用來(lái)“羅列”同類(lèi)人或物中的幾個(gè)例子，可置于被例舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，但其后不能用逗號(hào)。prepare+名詞/代詞/todoprepareforsth.=getreadyforsb為某事做準(zhǔn)備leavevi.使處于某種狀態(tài)leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（adj./adv./prep）vt.丟下，遺忘leavesth+介詞短語(yǔ)“把某物落在...”It’stimeforsth.It’stimefordoingsth.It’stimeforsbtodosth.It’stimetodosthstopdoingsth停止正在做的事stoptodosth停下正在做的事情去做別的事correctadj.正確的反義詞：incorrectcorrectlyadv.正確地vt.訂正certainadj.確定的+todo/that從句certainlyadv.當(dāng)然，確定=ofcourseuncertainadj.不確定的●加前綴un,im,in,ir,dis變反義詞unableunableimpatientimpatientfortableunfortablepossibleimpossiblemonunmonpoliteimpolitefairunfairincorrectincorrectfriendlyunfriendlyactiveinactivehappyunhappyexpensiveinexpensivehealthyunhealthycorrectincorrecthelpfulunhelpful/helplessirregularirregularimportantunimportantdisappeardisappearkindunkindcoverdiscoverluckyunluckyhonestdishonestpleasantunpleasantlikedislikesuccessfulunsuccessfulusualunusualIt’s(im)possibletodosth(不)可能做某事tidyup收拾妥，整理好tidyadj.整潔的反義詞：dirty/untidydecidevt.決定decidetodosthdecisionn.決定makeadecision做出決定decide經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、商談或研究之后做出的決定或下決心makeupone’smind和“猶豫不決”相對(duì)應(yīng)，意為“下定決心”makeupone’smindtodosthsecretadj.秘密的keepitsecret保密n.秘密keepasecret/keepsecrets16.gowrong弄錯(cuò)；犯錯(cuò)；（機(jī)器）出故障17.covern.封面；蓋子，罩thecoverof......的蓋子v.覆蓋、蓋住becoveredwith...被...覆蓋cover...with用...覆蓋...\pletevt.完成adj.完全的，徹底的Sheisapletestrangetome.她對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)完全是一個(gè)陌生人。paintv.用顏料畫(huà)；在...上刷油漆paintsth+顏色把某物涂成..顏色paintonsth涂/刷...n.（不可數(shù)）顏料20.作文：描述自己的DIY體裁：說(shuō)明文話(huà)題：制作物品/食物時(shí)態(tài)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)人稱(chēng)：第一人稱(chēng)段落布局：開(kāi)頭介紹制作的目的主體介紹制作過(guò)程firstnext...later...inthe結(jié)尾描述自己的感受WhenIpleted

【例題精講】用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.You'dbetter_______(notmake)himangryagain2.Hissoniscrazyabout_______(watch)TV.3.Hehadagreattime_______(play)chesswithme.4.Thegirlcan'tdecidewhichone_______(buy).5.NotonlymyparentsbutalsoI_______(be)interestedinthegame【答案】1.notmake2.watching3.playing4.tobuy一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Don’tplayinthestreet.It’sdangerous.________.A.No,Idon’t B.No,Iwon’t C.Yes,Iwill D.Yes,Iwon’t2.You________tellhimtheresultrightaway.A.shouldnot B.shouldnottoC.shouldtonot D.notshould3.Jim,_________readbookswhileyouareonthebus.Ok,Thankyou.A.don’t B.doesn’tC.won’t D.can’t4.Mum,therearenopearsforasalad.Shallweuseoranges_________?Ok.A.too B.already C.insteadof D.instead5.Youlooksotired.Whynot__________?A.stoptohavearest B.tostoptohavearestC.stophavingarest D.tostophavingarest6.You’dbetter_________shortpassageseveryday.A.topracticereading B.practicereadingC.practicingreading D.practiceread7.IamsorryIbrokethewindow.You_________playfootballnearthewindow.A.should B.wouldrather C.shouldn’t D.hadbetter8.It’srainingoutside,you________goout.A.hadbetternot B.wouldbetter C.wouldn’t D.hadbetter9._________thisrockmusic,please!Iamafraidsomepeoplecan’tstandthisnoise.A.Stopping B.StopC.Stops D.Tostop10.Youhavemadesomemistakesagain!Ithinkyou__________bemorecareful!A.would B.may C.can D.should11.Please_________,theyarehavingameeting!A.notbesonoisy B.bequietC.mustn’ttalk D.benot12._________belateagain,Lucy!A.Don’tto B.Don’t C.Not D.Nospeaking13.Mike,youshould_________yourbedroom.It’s_________.A.tidyup;tidy B.tidyup;untidyC.tidy;untidy D.totidyup;untidy14._________playwithfire.__________withfireisdangerous.A.Don’t;Playing B.Not;PlayingC.Don’t;Play D.Notto;ToPlay15.Simon.WhatdoIneedtotakeforthehiking?You’dbetter_________morewaterthanusual.It’shottoday.A.totake B.take C.taking D.took16.Isyourbrothercrazy__________putergames?No,heisn’t.A.of B.in C.about D.at17.Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave__________onethismonth.A.theother B.some C.another D.other18.Don’t__________thepicturesontheblackboard!A.puton B.putaway C.putup D.putin19.Wouldyouliketopaintthewhitewall___________blue?A.with B.in C.of D./20.Mr.SmithwasillsoIwenttohavethelesson__________.A.insteadof B.instead C.inplaceof D.intheplace【答案】BAADABCABDBBBABCCCDB二、詞匯拼寫(xiě)A）根據(jù)句意和所給中文，用單詞的正確形式填空。1.Iwillgotobuysome(工具)tomakeacageforthebird.2.IwantaskMr.Smithto____________(裝飾)mynewhouse.3.Mybrotheris_____________(確切的)1.75mtall.4.Climbersusuallytakesomeclimbing______________(繩)withthem.5.Beforeyoutakethemedicine,youhadbetterreadthei____________first.6.Iwillrepairthetelephoneinsteadof___________(buy)anewone.7.Youworkforalongtime,you’dbetter____________(have)arest.8.Ican’tseethepicture___________(clear).【答案】tools;decorate;exact;ropes;instructions;buying;have;clearlyB）根據(jù)句意，用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.____________(notsmoke)here,Rick.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.2.Hemadeafew___________(mistake)inhisexams.3.Hepractices__________(play)theguitaronSunday.4.__________(e)and__________(help)me,please.5.__________(notlook)atthepictures.6.Youshould____________(notbe)lateforschool.7._____________(notplay)tricksonthatboy.He’smuchyoungerthanyou.8.Shoppingonlineisfastandeasy,butyou’dbetter__________(notbe)crazyaboutit.【答案】Don’tsmoke;mistakes;playing;ehelp;Don’tlook;notbe;Don’tplay;notbe三、單詞拼寫(xiě)1．Heboughtaset(套)ofthe_______（工具）．2．What'sUFO_______（確切地），Mike?3.Sheis_______（已經(jīng)）17yearsold.Shecanlookafterherself.4.Theydidn'tinvitetheboy_______（反而）．5.Didyou_______（出席）yourson'sparents'meetingyesterday?6．Heisagood_______（例子；榜樣）inourclass.7．It's_______(可能的）torainthisevening.8.Nomatterwhathappens,we'llkeepthe_______（秘密）．9．Hekept_______（拼寫(xiě)）thewordwrong.10._______（使處于某種狀態(tài)）thewetbookinthesunforsometime.11．Couldyoupassthebooktome?_______(certain),hereyouare!12.Therearemany_______(brush)inthebox.13.Theboyisafraidtospeakinfrontofthewholeclass.Heis_______(active)．14.Sheisthetopstudentinmyclass.Sheoftenanswersquestions_______(correct).15.Didyouenjoy_______(you)inthesummerholiday,boysandgirls?【答案】1.tools2,exactly3.already4.instead5.attend6.example7.possible8.secret9.spelling10.Leave11.Certainly12.brushes13.inactive14.correctly15.yourselves四、完形填空MyparentstookmetoJapanwhenIwaslittle.Ilivedthereforfiveyears._1_Icameback,myJapanesewasverygood.“CanIdosomethingusefulwithmyJapanese?”Iaskedmyself.Then,onedaylastspring,Igotagoodchance.EveryonewasafraidofSARS,soIstayedathomewith__2__todo.MyfatherboughtmeaJapanesebook.“Whydon’tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbetterthan___3___putergamesallday.”Ipromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButI__4__Ifounditwashardtokeepthepromise.OnedayinMay,theweatherwasbeautiful.ButIcouldn’tgoout.Those2,000wordswerestill_5__me.Aftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn’tmakemyselfturnthepages.HowIwishedIcouldjustgooutsideand__6__footballwithmyfriends!Icountedthewordsagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting___7__mymind.Onesaid,“Don’tgiveup!Keepworkinghard,andyouwilldowell!”Butthentheotheronesaid“Goandplay!Itwillbemore__8_thantranslating.Doyourworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwould__9___theputerButthenIremember__10__myparentshadtoldme:“Whateveryoudo,don’tstophalfway.”SoIsatdownandwentonwithit.()1.A.BecauseB.UntilC.SinceD.When()2.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything()3.A.beplayedB.playingC.playedD.plays()4.A.justthenB.rightnowC.soonD.suddenly()5.A.talkingtoB.lookingatC.smilingatD.waitingfor()6.A.playB.giveC.buyD.watch()7.A.inB.withC.aboutD.for()8.A.funB.importantC.usefulD.dangerous()9.A.turnonB.turnoffC.openD.close()10.A.howB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】1~5DABCD6~10AAABD五、閱讀理解AfriendofminenamedPaulreceived（收到）anexpensivecarfromhisbrotherasaChristmaspresent．OnChristmasEvewhenPaulcameoutofhisoffice，astreeturchin(頑童)waswalkingaroundtheshiningcar．“Isthisyourcar，Paul？”heasked．Paulanswered，“Yes，mybrothergaveittomeforChristmas．”Theboywassurprised（驚奇）．“Youmeanyourbrothergaveittoyouanditdidn’tcostyouanything？Boy，Iwish…”Hehesitated(猶豫)．Ofcourse，Paulknewwhathewasgoingtowishfor（希望）．Hewasgoingtowishhehadabrotherlikethat.ButwhattheboysaidsurprisedPaulgreatly.“Iwish,”theboywenton，“thatIcouldbeabrotherlikethat．”P(pán)aullookedattheboyinsurprise,thenhesaidagain,“Wouldyouliketotakearideinmycar？”“Ohyes，I’dlovethat．”Afterashortride，theboyturnedandwithhiseyesshining，said，“Paul，wouldyoumind（介意）drivinginfrontofmyhouse？”P(pán)aulsmiledalittle．Hethoughtheknewwhattheboywanted．Hewantedtoshowhisneighboursthathecouldridehomeinabigcar.ButPaulwaswrongagain.“Willyoustopwherethosetwostepsare？theboyasked．Heranuptothesteps.TheninashortwhilePaulheardhimingback,buthewasnotingfast.Hewascarryinghislittlecrippled（殘疾的）brother.Hesathimdownonthestepandpointedtothecar.“Theresheis,Buddy,justlikeItoldyouupstairs.HisbrothergaveittohimforChristmasanditdidn’tcosthimacent（美分）.AndsomedayI’mgoingtogiveyouonejustlikeit…thenyoucanseeforyourselfallthenicethingsintheChristmaswindowsthatI’vebeentryingtotellyouabout.”P(pán)aulgotoutandliftedtheboytothefrontseatofhiscar.Theshiningeyedolderbrotherclimbedinbesidehimandthethreeofthembegananunforgettable（難忘的）holidayride.()16.Thestreeturchinwasverysurprisedwhen________．A.PaulreceivedanexpensivecarB.PaultoldhimaboutthecarC.hesawtheshiningcarD.hewaswalkingaroundthecar()17.Fromthestorywecanseetheurchin________．A.wishedtogivehisbrotheracarB.wantedPaul’sbrothertogivehimacarC.wishedhecouldhaveabrotherlikePaul’sD.wishedPaulcouldbeabrotherlikethat()18.TheurchinaskedPaultostophiscarinfrontofhishouse________．A.toshowhisneighboursthebigcarB.toshowhehadarichfriendC.tolethisbrotherrideinthecarD.totellhisbrotherabouthiswish()19.Wecaninfer（推斷）fromthestorythat________．Paulcouldn’tunderstandtheurchinB.theurchinhadadeeploveforhisbrotherC.theurchinwishedtohavearichbrotherD.theurchin’swishcametrueintheend()20.Thebestnameofthenamestoryis_________．A.AChristmasPresentB.AStreetUrchinC.ABrotherLikeThatD.AnUnforgettableHolidayRide【答案】BADBCSkindivingisanewsporttoday．Thissporttakesyouintoawonderfulnewworld.Itislikeavisittothemoon！Whenyouareunderwater,itiseasyforyoutoclimbbigrocks,becauseyouarenolongerheavy．Here，underwater，everythingisblueandgreen.Duringtheday，thereisenoughlight．Whenfishswimnearby（附近），youcancatchthemwithyourhands．Whenyouhavetanks（罐子）ofaironyourback，youcanstayindeepwaterfora