Unit3SeaExploration知識點梳理清單高中英語人教版選擇性

選擇性必修四Unit3SeaExploration知識梳理一.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.extend

v.使伸長；擴大；擴展；延長extendedadj.延長了的；擴展了的extensiveadj.廣闊的；廣大的；大量的extensionn.擴大；延伸;擴建部分；延期2.negotiatev.談判；磋商；商定；達成（協(xié)議）negotiationn.談判；磋商；協(xié)商negotiatorn.談判代表；協(xié)商者3.spicen.（調(diào)味）香料;額外的趣味（或刺激等）spicyadj.加有香料的;刺激的4.withdrawv.（使）撤回，撤離；使退出withdrawaln.撤走；收回；取回5.politicsn.政治；政治事務（或活動）;政治學politicaladj.政治的；政府的；政權(quán)的politiciann.從政者；政治家6.professionn.職業(yè)；行業(yè)professionaladj.職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的professorn.教授7.mixturen.混合；結(jié)合體;混合物mixv.混合，摻和，融合；調(diào)配mixedadj.混合的；混雜的8.coveragen.新聞報道;

覆蓋范圍coverv.包括；采訪，報導；涉及；行走（一段路程）；掩護n.封面;掩蔽物coveredadj.覆蓋了的；有屋頂?shù)?.applaudv.贊同；稱贊；喝彩；鼓掌歡迎applausen.歡呼，喝彩；鼓掌；掌聲10.migrationn.遷移；移民；移動migratev.移動；移居；使移植migrantn.（為工作）移居者；候鳥；遷徙動物adj.有遷徙習性的directoryn.名錄；號碼簿；公司名錄;（計算機文件或程序的）目錄directadj.直接的；直系的；親身的；恰好的v.管理；指揮adv.直接地directionn.方向；指導；趨勢；用法說明directorn.主任，主管；導演exploitv.開發(fā)，剝削；開采exploitationn.開發(fā)，開采；利用；剝削mercyn.仁慈；憐憫；恩惠mercifuladj.寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercilessadj.毫不憐憫的；無情的；殘忍的possessionn.(pl)個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制possessv.控制；持有；擁有arrestn.逮捕;拘留;v.逮捕；拘留；阻止arrestingadj.引人注意的；很有吸引力的二.重點詞塊詞塊梳理1.extendvt.擴展；使伸長extensionn.分機；擴大extensiveadj.廣闊的extendedadj.擴展了的extendthedeadline延長最后期限2.negotiatevt.商定；達成（協(xié)議）negotiationn.談判negotiatorn.談判negotiate(withsb.)(for/aboutsth.)就······)(與某人）談判／協(xié)商negotiatetradedeals協(xié)商貿(mào)易協(xié)定3.politicsn.政治；政治觀點politicaladj.政治的politiciann.政治家beactiveinpolitics活躍于政界amajorfigureinBritishpolitics英國政壇的一個重要人物4.professionn.職業(yè)；醫(yī)療／法律／教學行業(yè)professional專業(yè)的beprofessionalin在········方面專業(yè)devotehislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeople把他的一生和事業(yè)奉獻給幫助人民(2)課內(nèi)其他詞塊1.formthefoundationof形成...的基礎2.beastrongpassionfor對...的熱情3.inspiresb.todosth.激發(fā)某人做...4.searchfor尋找5.setsailfrom...to..從...到...航線6.inancienttimes在古代7.alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad沿著有名的絲綢之路8.negotiatetradedeals協(xié)商貿(mào)易協(xié)定9.leadtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures導致對彼此文化的更多了解10.overthecenturies幾個世紀以來11.developrelationswith發(fā)展與...的關(guān)系12.onvoyagesoftradeandexploration進行貿(mào)易與勘探航行13.asighttobehold壯觀的景象14.inaleagueofone’sown獨領(lǐng)風騷15.underthemandof在...的指導下16.asgesturesoffriendship作為友誼的象征17.inreturnfor作為...的回報18.strengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld加強中國與世界其它地區(qū)的聯(lián)系19.inyearstoe在未來的幾年20.forthebenefitof為了...的利益21.hundredsofyearson幾百年過去了22.withthelatesttechnologyinhand隨著最新科技的掌握23.tapwater自來水24.mineforresources開采資源25.fossilfuels化石燃料26.anegativecycle惡性循環(huán)27.socalledresearch所謂的研究28.withoutmercy毫不留情的29.ishometo...的家園30.addressimportantissues解決重要問題(3)讀后續(xù)寫課外拓展1.環(huán)境描寫Faroutintheocean,whereisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.在大海的深處住著海王，那里的水像玻璃一樣清澈。2.結(jié)尾升華Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.數(shù)百年過去了，隨著最新技術(shù)的掌握，貿(mào)易需求和加強關(guān)系的愿望將推動中國跨越海洋走向遙遠的未來。3.表達觀點Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.希望隨著技術(shù)的進步，我們可以有更多的選擇來維持這種平衡。三.重點句子1.教材原句Topletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilizations.譯文：早期文明的人們對完成這幅偉大的世界地圖有一種強烈的感情。句式剖析：Topletethegreatmapoftheworld是不定式短語做主語2.教材原句Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.譯文：在這里，來自中國和許多其他地方的商人聚集在一起協(xié)商貿(mào)易協(xié)議，這也導致了對彼此文化的更多了解。句式剖析：which引導非限制性定語從句，which指代前面整個主句的內(nèi)容。3.教材原句TheancientsearoutestravelledbyZhengHearebeingrevisitedwiththe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,whichispartoftheBeltandRoadInitiative.譯文：隨著作為共建“一帶一路”組成部分的“21世紀海上絲綢之路”的提出，鄭和航行過的古代航道而今再度受到關(guān)注。句式剖析：travelledbyZhengHe是過去分詞短語作后置定語；arebeingrevisited是現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)；whichis…Initiative是which引導非現(xiàn)制定定語從句，which指代the21stCenturyMaritimeRoad.4.教材原句：Fromascientificpointofview,thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.譯文：從科學的角度來看，迫切需要對北極地區(qū)進行研究，以便了解氣候變化及其影響。句式剖析:thereisaneedtodosth有必要做某事5.教材原句Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.譯文：數(shù)百年過去了，隨著最新技術(shù)的掌握，貿(mào)易需求和加強關(guān)系的愿望將推動中國跨越海洋走向遙遠的未來。句式剖析：withthelatesttechnologyinhand是with復合結(jié)構(gòu)，inhand是介詞短語作賓補。With復合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成，意義和形式：構(gòu)成：with+賓語+賓補意義：常在句中作狀語，表示原因，方式，時間，條件或伴隨等。6.教材原句：Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.譯文：在古代，中國絲綢之路經(jīng)由一條陸路運到印度，中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。句式剖析：what引導賓語從句，在賓語從句中作句子的主語。7.教材原句：Therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore…譯文：但仍有許多地方有待探索。句式剖析：Thereis/are+n./pron.+left…句型中，left是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。8.教材原句：Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.譯文：希望隨著科技的進步，我們可以有更多的選擇來維持這種平衡。句式剖析：as隨著，引導時間狀語從句。9.教材原句：Plasticpollutionisalsobad,killingmanybirdsandfish,andhasevenbeenfoundinourtapwater.譯文：塑料污染也很嚴重，導致了許多鳥類和魚類的死亡，甚至在我們的自來水中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了塑料污染。句式剖析：killing現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示“正常出現(xiàn)的，自然而然的結(jié)果”。四.語法：動詞不定式動詞不定式的意義和結(jié)構(gòu)不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“notto+動詞原形”。不定式可以加賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化Todo主動式被動式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing完成進行式tohavebeendoing用法1做主語詞不定式做主語時，一般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。例:Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.相關(guān)句式：Itis+形容詞+forsb.todosth.Itis+形容詞+ofsb.todosth.意思同上，此處為表示人得性格，本質(zhì)特征，如：kind，friendly，selfish等Itis+名詞+todo做某事是…Ittakes/took+主語+時間+todo.花費多長時間做某事Eg：Itishardformetolearnmath.Itiskindofyoutohelpmetostudy.Itisourdutytolookaftertheold.Ittakesmefivehourstofinishthehomework.2作表語不定式作表語時，一般緊跟在系動詞后，說明主語的內(nèi)容例：Thefirststepistocheckthevictim’sbreathing.3作賓語只接不定式作賓語的動詞：agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen等。例：Sheseatedherselfatasmalltableintherestaurant,waitingtobeserved.在某些動詞如find,think,consider,feel,makebelieve后，常用it作形式賓語。例:Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.4作賓語補足語不定式作賓補，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式表示要發(fā)出的主動動作。例:Tellyourchildclearlyandfirmlythatyouexpectthemtodotheirhomeworkresponsibly.5作定語1)不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，若不定式是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。例:Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn’tfindanypapertowriteon.2)序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，thelast,theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞、代詞后，常用不定式作定語例:Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞，常用不定式作定語例：Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.6作狀語動詞不定式用來修飾動詞/形容詞/副詞/整個句子，表達目的，結(jié)果，原因，程度等。例:Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.知識檢測一.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換檢測（1）根據(jù)漢語提示，寫出對應單詞。1.____________

v.使伸長；擴大；擴展；延長____________

adj.延長了的；擴展了的____________

adj.廣闊的；廣大的；大量的____________

n.擴大；延伸;擴建部分；延期2.____________

v.談判；磋商；商定;達成（協(xié)議)____________

n.談判；磋商；協(xié)商____________

n.談判代表；協(xié)商者3.___________n.（調(diào)味）香料;額外的趣味（或刺激）等___________

adj.加有香料的;刺激的4.____________

v.（使）撤回，撤離；使退出____________

n.撤走；收回；取回5.____________

n.政治；政治事務（或活動）;政治學____________

adj.政治的；政府的；政權(quán)的____________

n.從政者；政治家6.____________

n.職業(yè)；行業(yè)____________

adj.職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的___________n.教授7.____________

n.混合；結(jié)合體;混合物____________

v.混合，摻和，融合；調(diào)配____________

adj.混合的；混雜的8.____________

n.新聞報道;

覆蓋范圍____________

v.包括；采訪，報導；涉及；行走（一段路程）；掩護n.封面；掩蔽物____________

adj.覆蓋了的；有屋頂?shù)?.____________

v.贊同；稱贊；喝彩；鼓掌歡迎____________

n.歡呼，喝彩；鼓掌；掌聲10.____________

n.遷移；移民；移動____________

v.移動；移居；使移植____________

n.（為工作）移居者；候鳥；遷徙動物adj.有遷徙習性的11.____________

n.名錄；號碼簿；公司名錄;（計算機文件或程序的）目錄____________

adj.直接的；直系的；親身的；恰好的v.管理；指揮adv.直接地____________

n.方向；指導；趨勢；用法說明____________

n.主任，主管；導演12.____________

v.開發(fā)，剝削；開采____________

n.開發(fā)，開采；利用；剝削13.____________

n.仁慈；憐憫；恩惠____________

adj.寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的____________

adj.毫不憐憫的；無情的；殘忍的14.____________

n.(pl)個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制____________

v.控制；持有；擁有15.____________

n.逮捕；拘留；中止v.逮捕；拘留；阻止____________

adj.引人注意的；很有吸引力的（2）單詞拼寫：根據(jù)漢語提示和首字母寫出單詞的正確形式。1.Thereareplanstoe__________(擴大)thenosmokingarea.2.Itis

not

clearwhether

thepresident

is

willingto

n__________(談判)

with

theDemocrats.

3.Asapainter,heis

inal__________（等級）ofhisown.4.

Withtheviolentactivitiesending,governmenttroopsw________(撤回)fromthescene.5.Tobestraightforward,keepingahealthyparentchildb_____needstheeffortsofbothparties.6.Therewillbelivec__________(新聞報道)offootballonthesportschannel.7.Thereissomedoubtwhethertheyalla________(稱贊)thedistribution.8.Theyoungmanhasastrongpassionforp________(政治).9.Amongawidevarietyofp_________(職業(yè)),Peterseemstohaveaspecialbondwithdriver.10.Theroyalmemberslistenedtothenewswitham________(混合)ofsurpriseandhorror.11.Thedecisionmakingpowerwasinthep_________(擁有)ofahandfulofpeople.12.Accordingtothemediacoverage,thepolicehavea___________(逮捕)thesuspectoftheaccident.二.詞塊檢測(1)漢譯英1.形成...的基礎_______________________________________________2.從...到...航線________________________________________________3.沿著有名的絲綢之路___________________________________________4.進行貿(mào)易與勘探航行___________________________________________5.獨領(lǐng)風騷_____________________________________________________6.作為...的回報__________________________________________________7.在未來的幾年_________________________________________________8.對...的熱情___________________________________________________9.發(fā)展與...的關(guān)系________________________________________________10.對...的熱情___________________________________________________11.尋找________________________________________________________12.加強中國與世界其它地區(qū)的聯(lián)系_________________________________________________________________________________________________13.隨著最新科技的掌握___________________________________________14.幫助處理重要問題_____________________________________________15.所謂的研究___________________________________________________16惡性循環(huán)____________________________________________________17.開采資源_____________________________________________________18.毫不留情的___________________________________________________(2)課文改編語法填空:ATradeandcuriosityhaveoftenformedthefoundationofmankind’sgreatest1____________(achieve).Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayalong2_________becameknownastheSilkRoad.Atradingrouteacrossthesea3_________(extend)alongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean,4_________(centre)aroundCeylon(nowSriLanka).Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmet5__________(negotiate)tradedeals.Between1405and1433,sevenlargefleets,6_________themandofZhengHe,sailedwestonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.Toreachoutacrossthesea7________(remain)astrongdesiretoday.TheBeltandRoadInitiativehasbeenproposed,8___________(encourage)cooperationandstrengtheningthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.Tradinghasgrown9_________(great)inChina,andthereisstill10_________urgentneedtostudyotherimportantprojects,whichwilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.12345678910BWhenites1__________seaexploration,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Somepeoplethinkseaexplorationhascausedmanyproblemsand2_________(continue)tocausemore.Theyareafraidthatexploitingmoremeanspollutingmore,withplasticpollution3__________(kill)manybirdsandfish.Miningforresourcesisverydamaging.Besides,overfishingisanotherproblem.Whalesanddolphins4_________(hunt)fortheirmeat.Othersthink5__________necessarytodomoreresearchonthesea.6_________(understand)ourplanet,wemustexploretheoceans7________covermostofit.Understandingmoreabouttheseawillalsohelpusmanageitsresources8__________(well).9_________(log)newspecieswillimproveourunderstandingoflifeontheearth.Inmyopinion,astechnologyimproves,wewillhavethe10_________(able)tokeepthisbalancebetweenseaexplorationandeconomicneeds.12345678910(3)選詞填空（注意形式的變化）setsail,inaleagueof,developrelationswith,setsail,inaleagueof,developrelationswith,withdrawfrom,inhand,beeknownas,searchfor,forthebenefitof,inreturn,berelatedto,tellapart,withoutmercy1.Whilepassengerslovetoplainabouttaxidrivers,thedriversofNewYorkare______________theirown.2.Ittookmegreateffortstogetthesebooks____________________.3.ChristopherColumbus_________________fortheNewWorld.4.Dogshaveaverygoodsenseofsmellandareoftenusedto___________________survivorsinanearthquake.5.Thepanyhasdecidedto______________someofitssportssponsorship.6.Youneedpeopleworking__________________themunity.7.TheseChineseimmigrantssettledinanareathatlater____________Chinatown.8.Wewillcontinuetoimproveand___________thedevelopedcountries.9.Asweknow,pooreducationalperformance_____________emotionaldisturbance.10.Thesearegesturesofgenuinefriendshipwithnofavoursexpected________________.11.ItwassaidthatCaptainWhitewhippedhiscrew_________________.12.Theboyslookssomuchalikethatwecanhardly_____them_________.三.重點句型檢測根據(jù)漢語提示，補全下列句子1）__________________________(遠渡重洋)remainsastrongdesiretoday.2)Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes,______(這)willhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitsoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.2.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示，翻譯下列句子。(1)令我們驚訝的是，樹因為有了蟲子而變成了空心的。（what引導名詞性從句，hollow）________________________________________________________________________________(2)由于所剩無幾，恐怕給水災難民的食物的分發(fā)會受到應影響。（thereis…left,distribution）(3)樹干向四面方向伸展，這棵樹為我們遮擋了陽光。（with+賓語+賓補，extend）________________________________________________________________________________(4)他致力于社區(qū)活動，其貢獻是獨一無二的。（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，inaleagueofone’sown）________________________________________________________________________________(5)隨著時間的流逝，許多事情被人們遺忘了。（as…）________________________________________________________________________________四.語法檢測1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e4_________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.2.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy______(care)forandmakegreatpresents.3.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant______(wear)theuniform.4.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________(hear)．5.Whenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.6.Ididn’tmeantoeatanythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp________(try)it.7.Sheforcedherself________(be)politetothem.8.______(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.9.Theman________(circulate)thefakenewsthat18firefighterslosttheirlivesintheexplosionwasarrested.10.Ittookherthreehours________(repair)herbike.11.Pickingupher"LifetimeAchievement"award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans_______（retire）fromher36yearoldbusiness,12.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensive______(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.13.Withthisinformation________hand，youwillbewellequippedtoadviseothers.14.Afterhewontheamateurchampionshipheturned________(profession)．15.Shefeltastrange________(mix)ofexcitementandfearthatsheneverhadbefore.16.Thehighway________(extend)allthewaytothehorizonleadsustothatbeautifulcoastaltown.17.Jamesknewtherewasnoroomfor________(negotiate)，andhetriedtoclosehiseyes,mindblank.18.Thedrug________(withdraw)fromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.19.Forfearofbeinglaughedat，hehasdecidedtowithdraw________thepetition.20.Notonlydothesepyramidshavemysticqualities，buttheyaretrulyasiteto________(behold)．檢測答案一.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換檢測(1)根據(jù)漢語提示寫單詞答案:1.extend/extended/extensive/extension2.negotiate/negotiation/negotiator3.spice/spicy4.withdraw/withdrawal5.politics/political/politician6.profession/professional7.mixture/mix/mixed8.coverage/cover/covered9.applaud/applause10.migration/migrate/migrant11.directory/direct/direction/director12.exploit/exploitation13.mercy/merciful/merciless14.possession/possess15.arrest/arresting(2)單詞拼寫：根據(jù)漢語提示和首字母寫出單詞的正確形式。答案