2024年高考閱讀理解：主旨大意題（大陷阱）英語(yǔ)考試易錯(cuò)題（原卷版）

高考材料

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)17閱讀理解主旨大意題

目錄

01易錯(cuò)陷阱（3大陷阱）

02舉一反三

［易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】標(biāo)題類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

［易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

03易錯(cuò)題通關(guān)

易錯(cuò)陷阱1：標(biāo)題類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】

標(biāo)題類是對(duì)中心思想的加工和提煉，可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)、也可以是句子。她的特點(diǎn)是短小

精悍，多為短語(yǔ)；涵蓋性、精確性強(qiáng)；不能隨意改變語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的程度和色彩。如果是短語(yǔ)類選

項(xiàng)，考生容易混淆重點(diǎn)，此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)先劃出選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞。

此類題和文章的中心主題句有很大關(guān)系。中心主題句一般出現(xiàn)在第一段，有時(shí)第一段也可

能引出話題，此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注第二段和最后一段，看看是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)首尾呼應(yīng)。

易錯(cuò)陷阱2：段落大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】每個(gè)段落都有一個(gè)中心思想，通常會(huì)在段落的第一句或最后一句體現(xiàn)，這就是段落主

題句。如果沒(méi)有明顯的主題句時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容概括處段落大意。有時(shí)考生還會(huì)找錯(cuò)文章

對(duì)應(yīng)位置，盲目選詞文中相同的詞句，而出現(xiàn)文不對(duì)題的現(xiàn)象。

易錯(cuò)陷阱3：文章大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】確定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段開(kāi)頭再看全文找主題句，若無(wú)明顯主題句，

就通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞句來(lái)概括。如，議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞語(yǔ)，記敘文中尋找概括情節(jié)

和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞。文中出現(xiàn)不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，要牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)彩色體現(xiàn)全

文中心的o此時(shí)，要注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如：but,however,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary等。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】標(biāo)題類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例1】（浙江省義烏五校2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題）

Thescientisfsjobistofigureouthowtheworldworks,to“torture（拷問(wèn)）“Naturetorevealher

高考材料

secrets,asthe17thcenturyphilosopherFrancisBacondescribedit.Butwhoarethesepeopleinthelab

coats（orsportsjackets,orT-shirtsandjeans）andhowdotheywork?Itturnsoutthatthereisagood

dealofmysterysurroundingthemystery-solvers.

“Oneofthegreatestmysteriesisthequestionofwhatitisabouthumanbeings-brains,

education,cultureetc.thatmakesthemcapableofdoingscienceatall,“saidColinAllen,acognitive

scientistatIndianaUniversity.

Twovitalingredientsseemtobenecessarytomakeascientist:thecuriositytoseekoutmysteries

andthecreativitytosolvethem."'Scientistsexhibitaheightenedlevelofcuriosity,readsa2007

reportonscientificcreativity.t6Theygofurtheranddeeperintobasicquestionsshowingapassionfor

knowledgeforitsownsake.^^MaxPlanck,oneofthefathersofquantumphysics,oncesaid,the

scientist"musthaveavividandintuitiveimagination,fornewideasarenotgeneratedbydeduction

（推論），butbyanartisticallycreativeimagination.^^

ongasourbesttechnologyforseeinginsidethebrainrequiressubjectstolienearlymotionless

whilesurroundedbyagiantmagnet,we'reonlygoingtomakelimitedprogressonthesequestions,

Allensaid.

Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhoAreTheMystery-solvers

B.ScientistsAreNotBornButMade

C.GreatMystery:WhatMakesAScientist

D.SolvingMysteries:InsideAScientistsMind

【變式D（山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）

Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmay

seem,ifyou'reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires——

notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities（能力）toenjoylife.Mostpeopleare

alreadyswamped（淹沒(méi)）withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveiatoobiga

housewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

高考材料

Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion（豪宅）,aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditional

interest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.

Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyou

onlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyasto

findplentyofhamburgersandeggswhenyou'rehungry.

Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhour

ofrestandrefreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichperson

isnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary.

MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou've

broughtthatspirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhave

increasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.

Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemore

human,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,

playedabit.

Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HouseofLifeB.SecretofWealth

C.RestandRefreshmentD.InterestandEnthusiasm

【變式2】（安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考）

Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime.I'mcertainthatyouknowalltoowellthedangers

hidingontheWorldWideWeb.Andwhetherifsforschoolwork,entertainment,orjustsocializing

withfriends,theInternetwillsurelybeamajorpartofyourchild'slife.So,it'simportanttosecure

theironlinestays.

It'snottheeasiestthing,butkeepingopenlinesofcommunicationisprimary.Letthemknow

theycansharetheironlineactivitieswithyou.Talktothemabouttheironlinepresenceasearlyas

possible,ideallybeforetheybegintouseemail,socialmedia,orasmartphone.Discusswhattheyfind

interestingonlineandlearningfromthemaboutpopularwebsitesandapps;thiswillcreate

understandingandallowyoutoidentifypotentialrisks.

高考材料

Next,monitorwithoutspying.Mostkidslearntounderstandboundaries,likerespectingothers'

personalspace,ornotopeningthecookiejarwithoutasking.Internetuseisnodifferent.Ifshelpful

forkidstohavegroundrulesastowhichwebsitestheycanvisit,whichappstheycanuse,andwhat

theycanshareonline.Remindthemthatiftheyfeeluneasywithanythingthatoccursonline,theyneed

toalertanadultimmediately.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatIsHiddenontheNet?B.HowtoMakeOnlineStays?

C.BeaSmarterInternetUserD.KeepYourKidsSafeOnline

【變式3】（福建省泉州科技中學(xué)2023年高三試題）

Stuckinsidehisroomatanassistedlivingcenter,BobColemanknewhecouldnotgooutin

publicwiththeepidemic（疫）.Buthewasnotcutofffromoutside:hesharedhisloveforcountry

musicovertheInternet.t6Hello,everybody.It'sabrightdayinTennessee,,,hesaidintohismicrophone.

“ThisisBobColeman,comingtoyoufromRoom3325...”.ThenColemanbegantoplaythemusiche

loves-hitsfromcountrymusicstars.The88-year-oldcarefullychooseseachsong.

ColemanandseveralotherretireeshaveturnedintoDJs（流行音樂(lè)播音員），foranewonline

radiohourknownas"RadioRecliner.^^AmarketingcompanycalledLuckiecameupwiththeideaof

RadioRecliner.Listenerscansendsongrequestsinhonoroffamilyorfriends.Forexample,listeners

mighthearamessageHkethis:"Hey,Granny.ThisisyourfavoritegranddaughterAmy.Wejust

wantedtocallinandsayweloveyou.^^The60-minuteshowstartedwithretireesinmiddleTennessee.

Ithassinceexpanded,withresidentsofassisted-livingcentersinotherstatestakingpartintheproject.

ManyjumpedatthechancetoworkasaDJtoeasethelonelinessofsocialdistancingrules.

MitchBennettservesasLuckie,schiefcreativeofficer.Hesaystheideawastoprovideasenseof

communitytoolderpeople.6CForthisgeneration,radiowastheoriginalsocialmedia,Bennettsaid,

""Dedicatingasongtosomeoneyouloveandhavingthemhearitalongwitheveryoneelseisaspecial

wayofconnecting.^^

InGeorgia,80-year-oldEdRosenblatt,whohadmadefullpreparationsforhisshow,saidanhour

hespentplayingsongsonRadioReclinerresultedinafloodoftextmessages,emailsandcallsfrom

高考材料

familyandfriends,andmanyofthemessageswerefrompeoplehehadnotheardfromforyears.

What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OlderAdultsNeedMoreCareDuringtheEpidemic

B.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,TurnIntoDJs

C.OlderAdultsWereBusyWithMusicDuringtheEpidemic

D.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,ShowMusicTalents

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例2】（江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)2023年高三期中試題）

AsakidgrowingupinasuburbofLondon.Ilovedtogolookingfortheperfectparkbench.

SomeSundaymornings,mydadcouldbepersuadedtodrivetonewparks.We'dhaveakick-around

withasoccerball,shareabagofDoritosandcheckoutallthebenchesinthearea,readingthewords

onthem.

Thegoodparkbenchleavesmeinastate,somewherebetweennostalgia（懷舊）andeager

anticipation.WhereonceIwasexcitedbythewordscarvedonwood,Inowfind,asa10-year-old,that

I'mmoreappreciativeofeachbench,squietstoicism（坦然淡定），thewaytheyarewillingtowaitout

theirturnineveryweather,remainingavailabletoall-comers.Likeagoodbookorpieceofmusic,a

parkbenchallowsforasenseofsolitude（獨(dú)處）andcommunityatthesametime,whichiscrucialto

lifeinagreatcity.

Partofmyobsessionwithparkbenchesisasspaceswherehistorysettles.Byplantingseedsof

curiosity,andmakingspaceforreflection,parkbenchesbecomedoorstothepast.Maybethafsthe

greatestpoweroftheparkbench:itscapacityencouragestheartofobservation.Agoodbenchcatches

usinourquietest,mostvulnerable（脆弱的）moments,whenwemaybeopentoimaginingnew

narrativesandrevisitingoldones.Ourmasksaretakenoff,hungfromthebench'swroughtiron.On

othernearbybenches,babiesarebeingburped.Glancesexchanged.Sandwicheseaten.Newspapers

readit.

Whichaspectofparkbenchesdoesparagraph3focuson?

A.Design.B.History.C.Location.D.Power.

高考材料

【變式1】（重慶市第八中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高考適應(yīng)性試題）

TheYurokpeoplehavelivedalongtheKlamathRiver,whichflowsfromtheCascadesinOregon

southwestthroughNorthernCalifornia,forthousandsofyears,protectingtheregionandriverfrom

whichthey-andothers-drawsustenance（生計(jì)）.

Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishintheriverandthe

quantityandqualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing（合法化）thetribe'slongstandingcare

bygrantingtheRightsofPersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuch

rightsdeclared.

Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoflegalization.B.ThetraditionofYuroktribe.

C.Thereasonbehindthelegalization.D.TheimportanceoftheKlamathRiver.

【變式2］（江蘇省決勝新高考2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月大聯(lián)考）

Theterm“beergoggles“issaidtohavebeencoinedbymaleNorthAmericanuniversitystudents

inthe1980s.Yetdespiteunconfirmedevidenceforthephenomenon,thelinkbetweenalcohol

intoxication（醉酒）andphysicalattractionhasnotbeensystematicallystudied.

ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmalefriendsintothelaboratory

toratetheattractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.Ononeoccasion,both

menweregivenenoughcranberryjuicetoraisetheirbloodalcoholconcentrationtoabout0.08%-the

legallimitfordrivinginEngland-andontheotheroccasion,theybothreceivedanon-alcoholic

drink.Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthephotos,theywereaskedtoselectwhichofthese

individualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafutureexperiment.

Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thecomparisonoftwoexperiments.

B.TheprocessofBowdring^experiment.

C.Theunderlyinglogicofbeergoggleseffect.

D.Themethodsofappreciatingattractiveness.

高考材料

【變式3］（廣東省珠海市第三中學(xué)2023年高三試題）

Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,Ineverwentonholiday.Iwas

scaredofflying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmeintheoffice.I

thoughtnotgoingonholidaymademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.

Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellmethathewasn'tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.I

thenbookedacheapbeachholidaywithafriend,andwasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetter

forit.

Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thebenefittheauthorobtainedfromtravelling.

B.Thesourceoftheauthor'sstressduringofficehours.

C.Thechangeoftheauthor'sattitudetotakingholidays.

D.Thereasonwhytheauthortriedtobeaharderworker.

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例3】（江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)2023年高三期中試題）

Newbio-plasticsarebeingmadeinlaboratoriesfromstraw,woodchipsandfoodwaste,with

researchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceoftheworld'splastic.

Thenewapproachesincludegeneticallymodifyingbacteriatoeatwoodandproduceuseful

chemicals.Butthebio-plasticsarecurrentlysignificantlymoreexpensivetomakethanfossil

fuel-basedplastics.

Landandseasaroundtheworld,fromhighmountainstodeepoceans,havebecomepollutedwith

plastic,promptingmajorpublicconcern.Theworldhasproduced8bntonsofplasticsincethe1950s

anddemandisstillrising.

Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled,muchofitisburnttoproduceelectricity,resultingin

carbonemissionsthatdriveclimatechange.Incontrasttoplasticmadefromoil,plasticsmadefrom

plant-basedmaterialsonlyreleasethecarbontheplantsabsorbedfromtheairastheygrew.

Bio-plasticswillalsogivemoreoptionsforproductsthatbiodegrade（生物降解）intheenvironment,

高考材料

althoughtheycanbemadeverylong-lastingifrequired.

“Plasticsareanincredibleenhancementtoourdailylives/9saidPaulMines,CEOofBiome

TechnologiesintheUK,whichhasspentt5minthelastfiveyearsonbio-plasticsresearch.<4Butwe

can'tgoonusingfossilfuel-basedmaterials.About6-7%ofeverybarrel（桶）ofoilisusedtomake

plastics.^^

“Usingplantmaterialsisfeasible,saidprofessorSimon,attheUniversityofYork.""Replacing

halfofthenation'splasticbottlescouldbedoneusingjust3%ofthesugarbeetcrop,5%ofwheat

strawor2.5%offoodwaste,“hesaid.

Currently,justafewthousandtonsofbio-plasticareusedintheUKeachyear,comparedto

millionsoftonsofconventionalplastic.Minessaidthiscouldrisetoabout20,000tonsinthenextfive

years.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Plasticsarcnecessaryindailylife.B.Oilisthesourceoftheworld'splastic.

C.Bioplasticmakingisapromisingindustry.D.Scientistsareresearchingbioplasticmaking.

【變式1］（福建省福州高級(jí)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）

AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis（催

眠）canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountof

medicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging（醫(yī)學(xué)影像）procedures.

“Duringtheexaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.Ifsamazing,saidJohanne

UEcuyer,amedical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.

TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhere

examinationsaredoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia（麻醉）.

AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist-wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersin

themedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfor

theprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwould

causeanxiety.

高考材料

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.

B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.

C.Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.

D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.

【變式2］（2023年全國(guó)高三專練）

Inpreviousrecessions（經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退），billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmost

threeyearsforForbes?s400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008'sGreatRecession.

Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.

BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterrible

financialproblems.Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Food

banksacrossthecountryarepreparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmerican

billionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyotherAmericanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasons

fromthefollowingfact.Stocks（股票）areoverwhelminglyownedbythewealthy,andthestock

markethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythanotherpartsofthe

economy.

Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?

A.FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.

B.Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.

C.Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.

D.400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.

【變式3］（2022年江蘇高三?？迹?/p>

Lightpollutionisasignificantbutoverlookeddriveroftherapiddeclineofinsectpopulations,

accordingtothemostcomprehensivereviewofthescientificevidencetodate.

Artificiallightatnightcanaffecteveryaspectofinsects*lives,theresearcherssaid.nWestrongly

believeartificiallightatnight——incombinationwithhabitatloss,chemicalpollution.invasive（入侵

的）species,andclimatechange-isdrivinginsectdeclines,"thescientistsconcludedafterassessing

高考材料

morethan150studies.

Insectpopulationcollapseshavebeenreportedaroundtheworld,andthefirstglobalscientific

reviewpublishedinFebruary,saidwidespreaddeclinesthreatenedtocausea"catastrophiccollapseof

nature'secosystems".

Therearethoughttobemillionsofinsectspecies,moststillunknowntoscience,andabouthalf

areactiveatnight.Thoseactiveinthedaymayalsobedisturbedbylightatnightwhentheyareat

rest.

Themostfamiliarimpactoflightpollutionismoths（飛蛾）flappingaroundabulb,mistakingit

forthemoon.Someinsectsusethepolarisationoflighttofindthewatertheyneedtobreed,aslight

waveslineupafterreflectingfromasmoothsurface.Butartificiallightcanscupper（使泡湯）this.

Insectsareimportantprey（獵物）formanyspecies,butlightpollutioncantipthebalanceinfavourof

thepredatorifittrapsinsectsaroundlights.Suchincreasesinpredationriskwerelikelytocausethe

rapidextinctionofaffectedspecies,theresearcherssaid.

Theresearcherssaidmosthuman-causedthreatstoinsectshaveanaloguesinnature,suchas

climatechangeandinvasivespecies.Butlightpollutionisparticularlyhardforinsectstodealwith.

However,unlikeotherdriversofdecline,lightpollutionisrelativelyeasytoprevent.Simply

turningofflightsthatarenotneededisthemostobviousaction,hesaid,whilemakinglights

motion-activatedalsocutslightpollution.Shadinglightssoonlytheareaneededislitupisimportant.

Itisthesamewithavoidingblue-whitelights,whichinterferewithdailyrhythms.LEDlightsalso

offerhopeastheycanbeeasilytunedtoavoidharmfulcoloursandflickerrates.

Whatisdiscussedinthepassage?

A.Causesofdeclininginsectpopulations.

B.Consequencesofinsectpopulationcollapses.

C.Lightpollution:thekeybringerofinsectdeclines.

D.Insectdeclines:thedriverofthecollapsedecosystem.

1.（2023年新高考I卷）

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustrated

whathascometobeknownasthe"wisdomofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationhe

高考材料

conductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbe

quiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthe

same.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrors

areaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeopleare

similarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmore

technicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhatever

reasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

2.（2023年高考浙江卷）

AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled（安

裝）hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallof

thatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolar

energy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.

Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven?tgiven

muchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they'llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesand

usingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,

seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.

“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,9,saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovative

SitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment（InSPIRE）project."Theyneedtobe

protectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy."InSPIREisinvestigatingpractical

approachesto“l(fā)ow-impact“solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolar

farmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisproviding

habitatforpollinators（傳粉昆蟲(chóng)）.

Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinator

高考材料

populationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over

28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservation

organizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,

cities-andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.

Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolar

panelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbon

reduction."'Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthafsgoing

oninthelandscape,9,saysMacknick.

32.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?

A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.

B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.

C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.

D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.

33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?

A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.

B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.

C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.

34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?

A.Toconservepollinators.B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.

C.Todiversifytheeconomy.D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStayB.SolarEnergy:HopefortheFuture

C.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgricultureD.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment

3.（浙江省義烏五校2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題）

Theconventionalwisdomaboutinsectshasbeenthattheyareunthinking,unfeelingcreatures

whosebehaviorisentirelyhardwired（天生的）.Butinthe1990sresearchersbeganmakingsurprising

discoveriesaboutinsectminds.Somespeciesofwasps（黃蜂）recognizetheirnestmates'facesand

高考材料

acquireimpressivesocialskills.Forexample,theycaninferthefightingstrengthsofotherwasps

relativetotheirownjustbywatchingotherwaspsfightamongthemselves.

Giventhesubstantialworkonthecomplexityofinsectcognition（認(rèn)知）,itmightseemsurprising

thatittookscientistssolongtoaskwhether,iftheyarethatsmart,couldalsobesentient,capableof

feeling.Sincewehavenodirectwindowintotheinnerworldofananimalthatcannotverbally

communicateitsthoughtsandfeelings,thequestionofwhetherinsectsaresentientremained

academic.

15yearsago,Iperformedanexperimentinwhichweaskedwhetherbumblebeescouldlearn

aboutthreatfromtheirnaturalenemies.Webuiltaplasticspidermodelwithamechanismthatwould

brieflytrapabumblebeebetweentwospongesbeforereleasingit.Thebumblebeesshoweda

significantchangeintheirbehaviorafterbeingattackedbytheroboticspider.Perhapsunsurprisingly,

theylearnedtoavoidflowerswithspidersandmeticulouslyscannedeveryflowerbeforelanding.

Curiously,however,theysometimesevenfledfromimaginarythreats,scanningandthenabandoning

aperfectlysafe,spider-freeflower.Althoughthisincidentalobservationdidnotconstituteformalev

idenceofanemotionlikestate,itdidopenthedoortotheideathatsuchstatesmightexistininsects.

Someresearchsuggestedthatinsectsmighthavepositivestatesofmind.Researchersdiscovered

thatbeesactivelyseekoutdrugssuchasnicotineandcaffeinewhengiventhechoiceandeventreat

themselveswithnicotinewhensick.Malefruitfliesstressedbybeingrobbedofmatingopportunities

preferfoodcontainingalcohol,andbeesevenshowwithdrawalsymptomswhenremovedfroman

alcohol-richdiet.

Whywouldinsectsconsumemind-alteringsubstancesifthereisn'tamindtoalter?Butthese

suggestivehintsofnegativeandpositivemindstatesstillfellshortofwhatwasneededtodemonstrate

thatinsectsaresentient.

Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?

A.Whatinsects*variousbehaviorcanreveal.

B.Howinsectscommunicatetheirthoughts.

C.Whatamazingpowersinsectspossess.

D.Whetherinsectsarecapableoffeeling.

高考材料

4.（江蘇省決勝新高考2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月大聯(lián)考）

Assumingalcoholdoesenhancethelikelihoodofapersoninteractingwithsomeonetheyfind

a