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銜接點15狀語從句(初高考點差異及銜接)初中要求初中簡單學習時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較和方式狀語從句高中要求高中狀語從句可以表示時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較和方式等。在復合句中起狀語的作用,用于修飾主句中的謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞等?!境踔袪钫Z從句考點聚焦】一.選擇題1.Iwilltrymybesttohelpyou,Idon’tknowwhattostartwithyet.
A.whether B.since C.though D.until2.astronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe.
A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless3.—Itisimpossibletofinishthedifficulttaskinsuchashorttimeonmyownbothofusworktogether.
—Noproblem.Let’sstart!A.if B.but C.because D.unless4.Dadsometimesgoestothesupermarketwithushehatesgoingshopping.
A.because B.so C.though D.if5.YouneedtopractisespeakingeverydayyouhopetoimproveyourspokenEnglish.
A.if B.although C.unless D.until6.Maryshutthewindowjustnowshecouldkeeptheinsectsout.
A.sothat B.when C.till D.after7.we’vemadethepromise,let’skeeptoitandnotgiveupeasily.
A.Whether B.Since C.Though D.Unless二.填空題1.Annwasmovedthattearsfilledhereyes.ShesaidthanksandhuggedLily.
2.herfriendscametotheirhouse,KendallRaeenjoyedsharingwhatsheknewaboutfarming.
3.I'vealwayswantedtoworkinanartmuseum(自從)IvisitedtheLouvreMuseumin2018.
4.Don'ttroubletrouble(直到)troubletroublesyou.
5.DadofferedtotakeustotheancientcityofPompeii.Ididn'treallywanttogoIhadnointerestinoldcities.
6.LancewassoexcitedhegoteverythingreadywhenNathangothome.
【高中狀語從句考點聚焦】考綱解讀狀語從句在復合句中起狀語的作用,用于修飾主句中的謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句一般由連詞引導,連詞不充當句子成分,只起連接作用。狀語從句也可以由短語引起,也有時不需要連詞而直接和主句連接起來。狀語從句多位于句首或句尾。位于句首時,一般要用逗號與主句隔開;位于句尾時,一般不與主句隔開。根據(jù)意義上的不同,狀語從句可以表示時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較和方式等。典型例句:1.Itwillnotbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我們會再見面的。(時間狀語從句)2.IgotupearlysothatIcaughtthebus.我起得很早,所以我趕上了公共汽車。(結(jié)果狀語從句)考點清單一.表示時間的狀語從句時間狀語從句常用的引導詞before在……之前directly一……就……bythetime截至……after在……之后since自……以來till/until直到……when/while/as當……的時候eachtime/everytime每次themoment立刻,馬上nosooner...than...一……就……once一旦……就……instantly一……就……assoonas一……就……immediately一……就……h(huán)ardly...when...一……就……scarcely...一……就……whenever/nomatterwhen無論何時1.beforebefore的意思是“在……之前”,常用來引導時間狀語從句。句型:Itis/was(not)+時間+before+從句Itwill(not)be+時間+before+從句Itwasoneyearbeforehefinishedhiswork.過了一年他才完成了他的工作。Itwasnotlongbeforehefinishedhiswork.過了不久,他就完成了他的工作。Itwillbethreeweeksbeforehefinisheshiswork.要過3周,他才能完成他的工作。Itwon’tbelongbeforehefinisheshiswork.用不了多久,他就會完成他的工作。2.bythetimebythetime的意思是“截至……(時間)”,可以引導時間狀語從句。bythetime引導的從句若是一般現(xiàn)在時,主句要用將來完成時;若是一般過去時,主句則要用過去完成時。Bythetimeyoureceivethisletter,Iwillhaveleftthiscityformyhometown.你收到這封信時,我將已經(jīng)離開這座城市回家鄉(xiāng)了。Ishallhavefinisheditbythetimeyoucomeback.你回來以前我就把它做完了。說明:這兩個句子從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,主句用將來完成時。BythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.等我到那里時,公共汽車已開走了。ShehadfinishedcleaningbythetimeIarrived.在我到達之前,她就已打掃完衛(wèi)生了。說明:這兩個句子從句用一般過去時,主句用過去完成時。必背:“by+時間”還可以構(gòu)成各種短語,在句子中作時間狀語。bythen截至那時bynineo’clock截至9點鐘bytheendoflastyear截至去年年底bylastyear截至去年bytheendofnextyear截至明年年底3.onceonce作連詞引導時間狀語從句時,意思是“一旦……就……”。Onceyouunderstandtherulesofthegame,you’llenjoyit.一旦你了解了這個游戲的規(guī)則,你就會喜歡它。Onceyoubegin,youshouldgoon.一旦開了頭,你就應該繼續(xù)下去。注意:once引導狀語從句時,若從句的主語和主句的主語一致,有時可以將從句的主語和be動詞省略。Once(itis)printed,thebookwillbeverypopular.這本書一旦付印,肯定很受歡迎。Once(itis)found,anymistakemustbecorrected.一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)任何錯誤就必須加以改正。Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.一旦做出承諾,你就應該遵守諾言。4.assoonas和nosooner...than等assoonas,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when/before,immediately,directly等連詞及連詞短語的意思都是“一……就……”。當主句是一般將來時,assoonas引導的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。nosooner...than,hardly...when/before,scarcely...when/before等引導的從句常用一般過去時,主句往往和過去完成時連用;為了加強語氣,主句還可以用倒裝語序。Theywillposttheticketstomeassoonastheyreceivemycheck.他們收到我的支票后就立刻把票寄給我。Hewillbesetfreeassoonasthefineispaid.只要交了罰款,他就會被釋放。說明:這兩個句子的主句是一般將來時,assoonas引導的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。IgavethealarmassoonasIsawthesmoke.我一看見冒煙,就發(fā)出了警報。Immediatelyshehadgone,Irememberedhername.她剛走開我就想起了她的名字。Thefanscriedassoonastheysawthemoviestar.追星族們一看見這位影星就喊了起來。=Thefanshadnosoonerseenthemoviestarthantheycried.=Thefanshadhardlyseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.=Thefanshadscarcelyseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.=Nosoonerhadthefansseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.=Hardlyhadthefansseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.=Scarcelyhadthefansseenthemoviestarwhentheycried.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.我剛一到家,就下起雨來了。重要:“一……就……”還可以用themoment表示,這句話還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為:ThemomentIgothome,itbegantorain.=Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.=Ihadhardlygothomewhen/beforeitbegantorain.=Ihadscarcelygothomewhen/beforeitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhen/beforeitbegantorain.=ScarcelyhadIgothomewhen/beforeitbegantorain.補充:“on+名詞/doing”結(jié)構(gòu)也相當于assoonas引導的時間狀語從句。Pleasereporttoreceptiononarrival.到達后請立即到接待處報到。Onarrivinghome,hediscoveredtheyhadgone.他一到家就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)走了。5.whenever和nomatterwhen等whenever相當于nomatterwhen,意思是“無論什么時候”;everytime/eachtime的意思是“每次”。WheneverIvisitedhim,hewasnotathome.我無論何時拜訪他,他都不在家。
=NomatterwhenIvisitedhim,hewasnotathome.WheneverIcomeuptoTianjin,Icallatmyteacher’shome.每次到天津我都要去拜訪我的老師。=NomatterwhenIcomeuptoTianjin,Icallatmyteacher’shome.=Icallatmyteacher’shomeeachtimeIcomeuptoTianjin.WheneverIseethispicture,Ithinkofmyhometown.無論什么時候我看到這幅圖片,我都會想起我的家鄉(xiāng)。=NomatterwhenIseethispicture,Ithinkofmyhometown.=Each/EverytimeIseethispicture,Ithinkofmyhometown.1.Ihadjustfinishedmyhousework________Iheardcriesforfirstaidtheotherday.A.as B.while C.since D.when2.Theywerewalkingalongtheshore_______ahugewaveappearedoutofnowhere,sweepingthemouttosea.A.while B.as C.when D.since3.Iwas________themaboutmytravels________shebrokeinwithastoryofherown.A.totell;while B.abouttotell;when
C.wasgoingto;while D.telling;while4.Childrenwhodon’thavetheskillstodealwithdifficultsituationsmaybeatadisadvantage______withrealdangers.A.whenhavefaced B.whentoface
C.whenfaced D.whenfacing5.While_____________inthestreet,hemethisoldfriendbychance.A.towalk B.walking C.walked D.havingwalked6._______thedaywenton,theweathergotworseandworseand______thetimegoingon,wehadtoputonmoreandmoreclothes.A.With,as B.Since,with C.As,with D.While,when7.Tomsaidhewouldsticktohisassumption______evidencewaspresentedtoprovehewasmistaken.A.onconditionthat B.until
C.aslongas D.providing8.Patrickwaited________alltheluggagewascleared,buthisneverappeared.A.until B.before C.when D.while9.Ihaveheardalotofgoodthingsaboutyou________Icamebackfromabroad.A.since B.until C.before D.when10.Itisalmostthreemonths__________webecameaseniorstudentofBashuSecondarySchool.A.before B.since C.after D.when二.表示地點的狀語從句地點狀語從句表示地點、方位,通常由連詞where和復合關系詞wherever(相當于nomatterwhere)引導。1.wherewhere作連詞引導地點狀語從句時,意思是“在/向……的地方”。Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.你本來應該把書放回原來的地方。You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.哪兒有問題,你就在哪兒做個記號。=Whereyouhaveanyquestions,you’dbettermakeamark.Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。Wheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.他們走到哪里都受到熱烈的歡迎。比較:where引導的地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別引導定語從句時,where是關系副詞,在從句中作地點狀語,其前面有表示地點的先行詞,where引導的從句修飾先行詞。引導狀語從句時,where是從屬連詞,它引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞,where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞。Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.=Bamboogrowsbestwhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.(where引導定語從句,引導地點狀語從句。)溫暖而多雨的地方最適合于竹子生長。有時,where引導的地點狀語從句兼有抽象條件含義,可放在主句的前面;而where引導的定語從句則不能放在主句的前面。Wherethereiswater,thereislife.有水的地方就有生命。(where引導地點狀語從句。)2.whereverwherever相當于nomatterwhere,意思是“無論到哪里,無論在哪里”。wherever引導的地點狀語從句多位于句首。Whereverhegoes,healwaystakesanotebookwithhim.無論走到哪里,他總是帶著一個筆記本。Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.無風不起浪。Whereverhemaybe,hewillbehappy.無論在什么地方,他都會快樂的。=Nomatterwherehemaybe,hewillbehappy.三.表示原因的狀語從句原因狀語從句常用的引導詞because因為since既然nowthat既然as由于seeing(that)由于,因為,鑒于considering(that)考慮到,鑒于1.becausebecause的意思是“因為”,表示直接原因,語氣最重,常用來回答why(為什么)引導的特殊疑問句。A:Whywereyoulateforschoolthismorning?你今天早晨上學為什么遲到了?B:BecauseIgotuplate.因為我起床晚了。IwanttodoitmyselfbecauseIlikeit.我想親自做這件事,因為我喜歡它。(正)Heisdisappointedbecausehefailedagain.因為他又失敗了,所以他感到失望。(誤)Soheisdisappointedbecausehefailedagain.切記:盡管在漢語中“因為……,所以……”常一起使用,但在英語中because不能和so連用。Themuseumwon’tbeopenthisweekbecauseitisunderrepairs.博物館本周不開放,因為他正在修繕中。2.sincesince的意思是“既然”,表示對方已知道的事實和理由,語氣比because弱。Sinceyou’renotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouabout.既然你不感興趣,那我就不告訴你了。Sincenooneisagainstit,we’llpassit.既然沒人反對,那我們就通過了。Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出這個問題,那我就問別人了。3.asas的意思是“由于”,表示較為明顯的原因,語氣較弱。Asitissnowing,you’dbettertakeataxi.下雪了,你最好乘出租車。Asyourequestit,Iwillcome.由于你的要求,所以我會來。(語氣較緩和)=I’llcomebecauseyourequestit.(語氣很強)Asshehadnocar,shestayedathome.她因為沒車而留在家里。(語氣較緩和)=Shestayedathomebecauseshehadnocar.(語氣很強)比較:because,since,as和for的區(qū)別都可譯為“因為”,但在語氣上,because最重,其次是since,as,for。because,since,as都是從屬連詞。而for是一個并列連詞,用來附帶解釋說明前一分句的原因或理由,for引導的并列句,一般放在所要說明的句子的后面。because引導的原因狀語從句一般放主句后面,也可放主句前面;since和as引導的從句則通常位于句首;for不能位于句首,只能置于句中,且前面要用逗號與前一分句分開。Iwenttoseehim,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.我去見他,因為我有事要告訴他。4.nowwhat,seeingthat和consideringthatnowthat的意思是“既然”,seeingthat的意思是“由于,因為,鑒于”,consideringthat的意思是“考慮到,鑒于”。Nowthattheyhavetakenmattersintotheirhands,thepaceofeventshasquickened.他們既然已著手自己來處理問題,事態(tài)的進展也就加快了。Nowthatyouareaman,youmustnotdosuchathing.既然你是個男子漢,就不要做這樣的事了。Nowthatyouarewell,youcanwork.既然你已經(jīng)好了,你可以工作了。Seeingthathe’sbeenoffsickallweek,heisunlikelytocometoday.由于他請病假整整一周了,所以今天不太可能來。Sheknowsquitealotaboutit,considering(that)sheisveryyoung.鑒于她年齡小,她懂得的已經(jīng)很多了。四.表示條件的狀語從句條件狀語從句常用的引導詞incase萬一unless除非as/solongas只要if如果provided(that)如果providing(that)如果suppose(that)如果supposing(that)如果oncondition(that)如果1.if和unlessif的意思是“如果”。unless的意思則是“除非……;如果不……”,相當于if...not...,有時二者可以換用。Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorcomments,youcanvoicethemnow.你們?nèi)绻腥魏我蓡柣蛞庖?,可以現(xiàn)在提出。Ifweinterferewithnature,wewillhavetodealwiththeconsequences.如果我們干預自然,我們將不得不應付后果。Ifyoudon’teatmeat,thistourisnotforyouastheInuitliveonanimals,birdsandfish.如果你不吃肉,那這種旅行就不適合你,因為因紐特人以動物、鳥和魚為主食。=Unlessyoueatmeat,thistourisnotforyouastheInuitliveonanimals,birdsandfish.除非你吃肉,否則這種旅行就不適合你,因為因紐特人以動物、鳥和魚為主食。Ifyoudon’tvisithimtomorrow,hewillbeangry.如果你明天不去看他,他會生氣的。=Unlessyouvisithimtomorrow,he’llbeangry.除非你明天去看他,否則他就會生氣的。2.incaseincase的意思是“萬一,以防”,常用來引導條件狀語從句。Takeacoatincasetheweatherturnsold.帶上一件外衣吧,以防天氣轉(zhuǎn)冷了。Takesomemoneywithyouincaseyouwanttobuysomething.帶上些錢,萬一你想要買一些東西呢。Takeataxiincaseyouarelateforthemeeting.坐出租車去,免得開會遲到。I’llleaveyoumyphonenumberincaseyouwanttocontactme.我把我的電話號碼留給你,萬一你要和我聯(lián)系呢。You’dbetterbereadyincasehecomes.你最好有所準備,萬一他來呢。比較:“incase+從句”和“incaseof+名詞”都表示“以防,萬一”。Theywon’tbeabletogototheparkincaseitrains.=Incaseofraintheycan’tgotothepark.萬一下雨,他們就不能去公園了。inthatcase意為“如果是那樣的話”。Inthatcase,hewouldbepunished.要是情況如此,他將會受到懲罰。(表示假設條件,hewouldbepunished是虛擬語氣。)WillLiMingattendtheparty?Inthatcase,Iwon’tattendit.李明會參加聚會嗎?若是那樣的話,我就不參加了。3.aslongas和solongasaslongas和solongas的意思都是“只要”。I’msurewearesafeaslongas(weare)inhiscare.我深信只要在他的保護下,我們就會平安無事。Hewillsurelyfinishthejobontimeaslongashe’slefttodoitinhisownway.只要讓他用自己的方式工作,他一定會按時完成這項工作的。As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.只要我們不灰心,我們就能找到克服困難的辦法。Youcangotoseethefilmas/solongasyouarriveatthecinemaontime.你可以去看這場電影,只要你能按時到達電影院。補充:aslongas還可以作“……之久”講。Keepitaslongasyoucan.你能把它保留多久,就保留多久。4.provided(that)和supposing(that)等條件狀語從句還可以由provided(that),providing(that),suppose(that),supposing(that),oncondition(that)等引導。Weshallsignthecontractprovided(that)thereisnoopposition.如果沒有反對意見,我們就在合同上簽字。Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided(that)weaskforhisadviceinadvance.如果我們提前征求一下他的意見,他就不會在會上反對我們。Providingthereisnoobjection,weshallmakeadecision.如果沒人反對,我們就決定了。Supposeweoffermorefavourableterms,theywillchoosetocooperatewithus.假如我們提供更優(yōu)惠的條件,他們會選擇與我們合作。Supposingitrains,shallwevisitthemuseum?倘若下雨,我們還去參觀博物館嗎?Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應保守秘密。5.條件狀語從句的時態(tài)在運用條件狀語從句的時候,一定要注意主句和從句在時態(tài)上的一致。A.主句是一般將來時,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時和時間狀語從句一樣,條件狀語從句的時態(tài)也要注意和主句時態(tài)保持一致。大多數(shù)情況下,主句如果是一般將來時,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示,有時也可以用現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時。He’llbeadoctorwhenhefinishesstudyinghere.他結(jié)束在這兒的學習之后,將會成為一名醫(yī)生。(時間狀語從句)Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llstart.明天如果不下雨,我們就出發(fā)。(條件狀語從句)Ifyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.(條件狀語從句)你如果/一旦了解這個規(guī)則,就不會再有困難。說明:有時可用once或assoonas代替if。Once/Assoonasyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.B.有時主句中用祈使句和情態(tài)動詞來替代將來時態(tài)Ifyougetthebook,letmeknow.如果你弄到了那本書,告訴我一聲。(祈使句)Ifyoudrink,don’tdrive.如果你喝了酒,千萬別開車。(祈使句)Ifhefeelslikeseeingthesightsofthecity,hecantakeabustour.(情態(tài)動詞)如果他想看城市風光,他可以坐城市觀光車。Ifyoulike,youcanstayherefortheweekend.如果你愿意就留在這里過周末吧。(情態(tài)動詞)C.如果主句謂語動詞是want,hope等詞,則條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時Whatdoyouwanttodoifyouhavemuchmoney?如果你有很多錢,你想要做什么?IhopetoseeherifI’mfree.如果我有空,我希望去看看她。D.在有些句子中,主、從句都可用一般現(xiàn)在時Ifyouringthisnumber,nooneanswers.如果你打這個電話號碼,不會有人接。Ifyoupresstheswitch,thecomputercomeson.如果你按這個開關,計算機就會啟動。注意:有時if引導的從句也可以用will,但will表示意愿。Ifyouwillgointothefieldsandturnoverafewbigstones,youwilluncoveracityofant“people”.如果你愿意到田野里去翻開幾塊大石頭,你準會揭開一個蟻“民”的城市。Ifyou’lljustwaitamoment,I’llfindsomeonetohelpyou.如果你愿意等一會兒,我會找人來幫助你。Ifyouwon’tgo,youneedn’t/won’tgo.如果你不愿意去,那就不必去。1.______wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.Although B.While C.If D.Until2.Itisbelievedthat,________,thesituationwillgetworse.A.ifitnotdealtcarefullywith B.ifonlydealtcarefullywith
C.ifnotcarefullydealtwith D.itisnotcarefullydealtwith3.________youdomorereadingpractice,I’msureyourEnglishwillbegreatlyimproved.A.Aswellas B.Aslongas C.Asfaras D.Unless4.One’slifehasvalue_________onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.A.sothat B.nomatterhow C.aslongas D.exceptthat5.
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eating
less.A.Once B.When C.If D.Unless6.________theyareextremelytalented,itcanbereallyhardformodelswithjustafewyears'experiencetoimpressthebigbrandsandwinopportunities.A.Aslongas B.Unless C.Until D.Incase五.表示目的、結(jié)果的狀語從句目的狀語從句常用的引導詞結(jié)果狀語從句常用的引導詞that,sothat,inorderthat(so)that,(so...)that,(such...)that,(somuch/many...)that1.sothatsothat的意思是“目的是……;結(jié)果……”,既可以引導目的狀語從句,也可以引導結(jié)果狀語從句。引導目的狀語從句時,從句的謂語里常有can,could,may,might,will,would等情態(tài)動詞。而引導結(jié)果狀語從句時,則通常沒有情態(tài)動詞。比較:ThelittleboysavedeverycoinsothathecouldbuyhismotherapresentonMother’sDay.小男孩把一枚枚硬幣積攢起來,為的是能在母親節(jié)給媽媽買一份禮物。(目的)ThelittleboysavedeverycoinsothatheboughthismotherapresentonMother’sDay.小男孩把一枚枚硬幣積攢起來,在母親節(jié)那天給媽媽買了一份禮物。(結(jié)果)比較:Healwaysstudieshardsothatmemaymakegreatprogress.他總是努力地學習,這樣他才會取得很大的進步。(目的)Healwaysstudiedhardsothathemadegreatprogress.他總是努力地學習,結(jié)果他取得了很大的進步。(結(jié)果)2.inorderthatinorderthat的意思是“以便……,為了……”。inorderthat和sothat表示目的時一樣,從句的謂語動詞里常有can,could,may,might,will,would等情態(tài)動詞。Sheraisedhervoiceinorderthatshemightbeheard.她把聲音抬高以便與別人聽見。=Sheraisedhervoicesothatshemightbeheard.inorderthat和sothat與不定式inorderto,soasto以及to表示目的時表達的意思一樣,不過不定式表示目的時,句子是簡單句。因此上一句還可表示為:Sheraisedhervoicesoastobeheard.Inordertobeheardsheraisedhervoice.Sheraisedhervoiceinordertobeheard.Tobeheardsheraisedhervoice.Sheraisedhervoicetobeheard.比較:soasto不能位于句首;inorderto和to的位置比較靈活,可以位于句首或句中。3.so...that和such...thatso...that和such...that的意思都是“如此……以至”,二者皆可引導結(jié)果狀語從句,且含義相同,但用法有一定的區(qū)別。句型:so+形容詞/副詞+thatWhenthefootballfanssawBeckham,theygotsoexcitedthattheycriedout.當球迷們看到貝克漢姆的時候,他們?nèi)绱思右灾劣诖蠛按蠼?。Hewassoillthatwehadtosendforadoctor.他病得很重,我們只好給他請醫(yī)生了。Hewasinjuredsobadlythathehadtobesenttothehospital.他傷勢很重,不得不送醫(yī)院。=Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtobesenttothehospital.切記:當so位于句首時,主句的主謂要倒裝。Thenovelwassoboringthathegaveupreadingithalfwaythrough.=Soboringwasthenovelthathegaveupreadingithalfwaythrough.這本小說非常乏味,他讀了一半就不讀了。Davidwassocarelessthathedidn’tfindthemistakesinhistestpaper.=Davidwastoocarelesstofindthemistakesinhistestpaper.戴維太粗心了,沒發(fā)現(xiàn)他試卷中的錯誤。Shewassoexhaustedthatshecouldn’tmoveon.=Shewastooexhaustedtomoveon.她疲憊得無法繼續(xù)前進。說明:如果so...that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句是否定句,也可以用too...to...來表達相同的意思。句型:such+a/an(+形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that=so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatItgavehimsuchashockthathisfaceturnedwhite.這使他如此震驚以至于他的臉色都變白了。ThisissuchausefuldictionarythatI’mthinkingofbuyingit.=ThisissousefuladictionarythatI’mthinkingofbuyingit.這本字典很有用,我正打算買一本。Heissuchacleverboythatalltheteacherslikehim.=Heissocleveraboythatalltheteacherslikehim.他是如此聰明的一個男孩,所有的老師都喜歡他。ItwassuchaninterestingfilmthatIsawittwice.=ItwassointerestingafilmthatIsawittwice.這是一部很有意思的電影,我看了兩次。句型:such(+形容詞)+不可數(shù)名詞+thatThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.這本書是用淺易的英語寫的,初學者都可以讀懂。Heshowedsuchconcernthatpeopletookhimtobeafriend.他表現(xiàn)得如此關心以至于人們都把他當作朋友了。(正)It’ssuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.(誤)It’ssoniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.多么好的天氣?。∥覀兇蠹叶枷肴ス珗@玩。注意:當不可數(shù)名詞的前面有形容詞much,little修飾時,要用so,而不用such。句型為“so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that”。SuchalittleboyhassolittledifficultyinworkingoutthisdifficultproblemthatIadmirehimverymuch.這樣小的一個男孩解這道題所遇到的困難是如此之少,以至于我很羨慕他。(第一個little意為“小”,因此前面用such修飾;第二個little意為“少”,因此前面用so修飾。)Hehadsomuchworktodothathehadtoworklateintothenight.他有那么多工作要做,不得不工作到深夜。句型:such(+形容詞)+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatTheyaresuchdifficultproblemsthatIdon’tknowhowtosettlethem.這些問題是如此復雜,以至于我不知道如何解決。Hemadesuchalotofmistakesinhismathsexercisesthathehadtodothemallover.他做錯了如此多的數(shù)學題,以至于不得不全部重新做。(正)Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.(誤)Theyaresofineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.他們是非常好的老師,我們對他們極為尊敬。注意:當可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞many,few修飾時,要用so,而不用such。句型為“so+many/few+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that”。TherearesofewnotebooksthatIcan’tgiveyouany.筆記本太少了,我一本也給不了你。TherearesomanykindsofbikesonsaleatthemarketthatIcannotmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.市場上出售的自行車種類很多,我拿不定主意要買哪一種。1.Mikeisso_________thatheiswelcomebymostofhiscolleagues.A.kindpeople B.akindpeople C.kindaman D.akindman2.Seethatbigstone?Actually,it'ssuchabigstone________noonecancarryit.A.as B.which C.who D.that3.Itwas________terribleweatherthatwehadtostayathome.A.such B.so六.表示讓步的狀語從句讓步狀語從句常用的引導詞though/although雖然nomatter+疑問詞(who/what/when/which/where/how)無論evenif/eventhough即使whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however無論1.though和althoughthough,although都當“雖然”講,二者都可與以yet或still連用,但不能與but連用。Althoughhewaswornout,he(still)keptonworking.=Thoughhewaswornout,he(still)keptonworking.=Hestillkeptonworkingthoughhewaswornout.=Hewaswornoutbuthestillkeptonworking.他雖然已經(jīng)筋疲力竭了,但仍然繼續(xù)工作。注意:(正)itwasnotverycoldalthough/thoughitwassnowing.雖下著雪,但并不太冷。(誤)Although/thoughitwassnowing,butitwasnotverycold.Althoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Childthoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Childashewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.雖然他是一個孩子,但他知道該做什么。Althoughyoumayobject,I’llcarryouttheexperiment.=Thoughyoumayobject,I’llcarryouttheexperiment.
=Objectasyoumay,I’llcarryouttheexperiment.縱使你反對,我也要做這項實驗。Althoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.=Hardthoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.=Hardasheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.盡管他學習很努力,但幾乎沒取得什么進步。說明:此二句采用了倒裝語序,在這種倒裝句中只能用as或though,不能用although。2.evenif和eventhoughevenif相當于eventhough,意思是“即使,盡管,雖然……也”,其所表達的意思比although更強烈。We’llmakeatripevenif/eventhoughtheweatherisbad.即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行。Youshouldtrytobenicetohim,eventhoughyoudon’tlikehim.即使你不喜歡他,也要盡量對他好些。Eventhough/Evenifitisraining,I’llgotowork.盡管下著雨,我也要去上班。比較:evenif和eventhough所引導的狀語從句中,動詞用虛擬語氣時和用陳述語氣時表達的意義有所不同。EvenifIwereill,Iwouldattendthemeeting.即使我生病了,我也要參加會議。(虛擬語氣,事實上我并沒有生病。)EvenifIamill,Iwillattendthemeeting.雖然我生病了,我也要參加會議。(陳述語氣,我現(xiàn)在的確生病了。)
3.“nomatter+疑問詞”和“疑問詞-ever”“nomatter+疑問詞(who/what/when/where/which/how)”引導讓步狀語從句時,相當于whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever/whichever/however,它們可以互換,表達的含義是“無論……,不管……都……”。nomatterwho=whoever(無論是誰)nomatterwhat=whatever(無論什么)nomatterwhen=whenever(無論何時)nomatterwhere=wherever(無論何地)nomatterwhich=whichever(無論是哪一個)nomatterhow=however(無論怎樣)Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.不管你是誰,你都要遵紀守法。Nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillsupportyou.=Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.無論你做什么,我都會支持你。Nomatterwhenshecomes,shesaysthesamewords.=Whenevershecomes,shesaysthesamewords.無論她什么時候來,她總是說同樣的話。Nomatterwhichyoulikebest,youcanhave.=Youcanhavewhicheveryoulikebest.你可以拿你最喜歡的。Nomatterhowdifficultitmaybe,wewillovercomeit.=Howeverdifficultitmaybe,wewillovercomeit.不管多么困難,我們都要克服。1.Dreamsinourheartwillcometrueoneday__________weinsistandkeepmakinggreatefforts.A.asif B.unless C.evenif D.onconditionthat2.________theoldworkerhaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,hehasalotofexperience.A.Nowthat B.Asthough C.Asfor D.Although3.________theyplanttreesinthisareaeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestillbare(光禿禿的).A.Although B.Unless C.Since D.Once4.Contrarytopopularbelief,theants,hardworking_______theyare,havetheirtimeforplay.A.because B.while C.as D.where5.________youhavepickedup,youmustgiveitbackto________itbelongsto.A.Whatever;whoever B.What;nomatterwho
C.Nomatterwhat;nomatterwho D.Whatever;nomatterwho6.?_________thedifficulty,weshouldbeoptimisticandalwayskeepapositiveattitudetowardslife.A.Whichever B.Whatever
C.Nomatterwhich D.What7.----Director,I’vefinishedmydocument.
----Good,and________yougohomeorstayinoffice,youmustn’tletoutitssecret.A.whenever B.whatever C.whether D.wherever8.MarkneedstolearnChinese_______
hiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.A.unless B.until C.although D.since9.Youshouldbecarefulhowyoujudgepeople________youcannotsumupaman'slifeinonemoment.A.asthough B.eventhough C.nowthat D.inthat七.表示比較的狀語從句原級比較級最高級as...as,notso/as...asmore...thanthemost...in/of...1.more...than和themore...of...句型:more...than……比……更……themore...of...(兩者之中)比較……的Thisfilmismoremovingthanthatone.這部電影比那部電影感人。Thisfilmisthemoremovingofthetwofilms.這部電影是這兩部電影中比較感人的。Thisfilmisthemostmovingofthethree.這部電影是這3部電影中最感人的。說明:上方的三個句子分別表示了三種不同的意思:①表示兩部電影的比較。②表示從兩部電影中選擇了一部。③表示三部以上比較或從中選擇。2.“no+比較級+than”和“not+比較級+than”句型:no+形容詞/副詞比較級+than(與……一樣不)對兩者的否定,用于兩者比較。句型:not+形容詞/副詞比較級+than(不像/不如……一樣)表示程度上的差異,是普通的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。Sheisnomorediligentthanhersisters.=Neithershenorhersistersarediligent.她們姐妹幾個都不勤奮。Sheisnotmorediligentthanhersisters.=Sheisnotasdiligentashersisters.她不如她的幾個姐妹勤奮。Thisfairytaleisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.=Neitherthisfairytalenorthatoneisinteresting.這個童話和那個童話一樣沒趣。Thisfairytaleisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.=Thisfairytaleisnotsointerestingasthatone.這個童話不如那個童話有趣。重要:“A+動詞+nomore+B+than+C+動詞+D”意為“A不是B,正如C不是D”。WecannomoreleavethePartythanfishcanleavewater.我們不能離開黨,正如魚兒離不開水一樣。He’snomorefittobeaministerthanaschoolboywouldbe.小學生不適合當部長,他也不適合當部長。Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.鯨和馬一樣,都不是魚。3.表示倍數(shù)的常用句型句型:A+基數(shù)詞+timesas+形容詞/副詞原級+as+BA是B的幾倍Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.這間屋子是那間屋子的3倍大。Thisredboxishalfaslargeastheblueone.這個紅色盒子是那個藍色盒子的一半大。句型:A+基數(shù)詞+times+名詞/代詞+of+BA是B的幾倍Theageofmygrandpaisfourtimestheageofmine.=Theageofmygrandpaisfourtimesthatofmine.=MygrandpaisfourtimesasoldasI.我爺爺?shù)哪挲g是我的4倍。句型:A+基數(shù)詞+times+比較級+than+BA比B大(小,長……)幾倍Thisholeisfivetimesdeeperthanthatone.這個洞比那個洞深5倍。=Thisholeissixtimesasdeepasthatone.=Thisholeissixtimesthedepthofthatone.這個洞是那個洞的6倍深。4.形似比較級的固定搭配句型:nomorethan+基數(shù)詞(只不過,僅僅,只有)具有感情色彩,含有“嫌少”的意思,不表示比較。句型:notmorethan+基數(shù)詞(至多,不超過)客觀地說明一個事實,沒有感情色彩,不表示比較。Itisnomorethantenminutes’walkfromthestationtothehotel.從車站走到賓館只有10分鐘的路程。(感覺路程短,帶有感情色彩。)Itisnotmorethantenminutes’walkfromthestationtothehotel.從車站走到賓館只有10分鐘的路程。(客觀地說出事實,沒有感情色彩。)Ispentnomorethanfivedaysreadingthebook.僅僅用了5天,我就把這本書讀完了。(強調(diào)時間短,帶有感情色彩。)Ispentnotmorethanfivedaysreadingthebook.我用了不到5天的時間就把這本書讀完了。(客觀地說明一個事實,不帶有感情色彩。)八.表示方式的狀語從句表示行為方式的狀語從句常由as,asif,asthough,justas等引導,且多置于主句之后。有時,方式狀語從句不用連詞引導,而是用詞或詞組引導。1.as引導方式狀語從句時通常作“依照……”,“像……一樣,如……”等講。Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望別人怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。Hemustdoasthedoctoradvises.他必須按照醫(yī)生所說的去做。Leaveitasitis.維持現(xiàn)狀。Heattendedthemeetingontimeashehadbeentoldtodo.他按照要求,準時出席了會議。2.justas引導方式狀語從句時作“正如……”講。Shewenttothebeachwithmejustasshehadpromisedmetodo.正如她所許諾我的,她和我一起去了海濱。Ididitjustasyoutoldme.我正是按照你說的辦的。3.asif,asthough引導方式狀語從句時作“似乎,好像”講。狀語從句的謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反。有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。Hepausedasthoughhefoundsomedifficulty.他停了停,仿佛遇到了一些困難似的。Iloveyouasifyouweremydaughter.我愛你就像你是我的女兒。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)Sheclosedhereyesasthoughshewereasleep.她閉上眼睛,好像睡著了似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)Heactedasifhewerebrave.他裝得好像很勇敢的樣子。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)Hebehavesasifhewereasuperstar.他的舉止就像一個巨星。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)IfeelasifIwerefloatingonair.我感覺好像飄浮在空中一樣。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)Itsoundsasthoughthesituationwouldgetworse.聽起來好像情況會惡化似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.看上去好像要下雨。(所說的情況很可能是事實,謂語用陳述語氣。)4.方式狀語從句有時不用連詞引導Heisbehaving(in)thesamewayhisfatherusedto.他的行為和他父親過
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