Unit1Friends知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理牛津譯林版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

Unit1Friends1.I’mhungry,Eddie.I’mthirstytoo.behungry感到餓bethirsty感到渴e.g.Areyouthirstyafteralongwalk?2.CanIhavesomethingtodrink?somethingtodrink一些喝的東西somethingtoeat一些吃的東西e.g.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Isthereanythingtoeatinthefridge?不定代詞something通常用于肯定句和表示請(qǐng)求、建議的問(wèn)句中，anything常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的肯定句中。nothing在句中表示否定=notanything3.CanIhavesomemorefood?some或數(shù)詞+more+名詞表示在原基礎(chǔ)又增加了一定數(shù)量。如：Doweneedsomemorewater?Hewantstoeattwomoreapples.4.Doeshe/shecareaboutyouwhenyouaresad?careabout關(guān)心，關(guān)懷e.g.Goodfriendsshouldcareabouteachother.5.keepasecret(forsb.)(為某人）保守秘密e.g.Lily,willyoukeepasecretforme?6.makesmehappy（1）makesb.+adj.使某人……e.g.Ilikemydogbecauseitcanmakemehappy.（2）makesb.dosth.使某人做某事（3）make系動(dòng)詞，“成為，算得上”Whatmakesgoodfriends?Well,goodfriendsshouldbehonestandhelpful.(4)makefriends交朋友7.sharemyjoy(withsb.)（和某人）分享快樂(lè)e.g.Listentomysongoflifeandsharemyjoy.8.Youcantrustthembecausetheynevertelllies.trustthem信任他們e.g.Hewillnevertrustyouagain.telllies說(shuō)謊e.g.It’swrongtotelllies.9.Theycanalsotellyoufunnyjokes.tellfunnyjokes講滑稽的笑話e.g.Hetellsfunnyjokesandalwaysmakesmelaugh.10.Bettyisoneofmybestfriends.oneofmybestfriends我最要好的朋友之一結(jié)構(gòu)：oneof+one’s/the+最高級(jí)+名復(fù)e.g.TheYangtzeRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.11.Sheiswillingtosharethingswithherfriends.bewillingtodosth.樂(lè)意做某事e.g.Iamwillingtoworkwithher.12.Sheisalsohelpfulandreadytohelppeopleanytime.句中anytime也可改寫(xiě)作anytime，意思是“在任何時(shí)候，隨時(shí)”。注意該詞是副詞，前無(wú)需再加介詞at。如：Callmeanytime.Shehelpsmewithmyhomeworkandshealwaysgivesherseatonthebustosomeoneinneed.helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.dosth.e.g.Doyouoftenhelpyourparentswithhousework?someoneinneed表示“有需要的人”。e.g.ProjectHopehelpsthosechildreninneed.14.Shewantstobeasingerwhenshegrowsup.growup成長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)大e.g.Whatwouldyouliketodowhenyougrowup?15.Heisthetallestinourclass–almost1.75metres.tall(原級(jí))高taller(較級(jí))更高tallest(最高級(jí))最高形容詞通常有三種等級(jí)。在句中，最高級(jí)通常必須要和the或“某人的”一類(lèi)詞連用。如：mybestfriend,thetallestboyWhenhewalkspastourdesks,heoftenknocksourbooksandpensontothefloor.knockourbooksontothefloor把我們的書(shū)撞落到地板上knockat/onthedoor(thewindow)敲門(mén)（窗）e.g.Whoisknockingthedoor?17.Shesmilesoftenandneversaysabadwordaboutanyone.neversayabadwordaboutanyone從不說(shuō)任何人的壞話指人的不定代詞：someone/somebody常用于肯定句中，anyone/anybody常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，noone/nobody“沒(méi)人”用來(lái)表示否定。e.g.Weshouldhelpwhensomeoneisinneed.18.befamousfor…因……出名e.g.Thiscityisfamousforitsbeautifuloldbuildings.19.makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友e.g.Heisverygenerousandmanypeopleliketomakefriendswithhim.20.travelaroundtheworld環(huán)游世界21.wouldliketodosth.=wanttodosth.想要做某事22.worksofart藝術(shù)品work工作（不可數(shù)名詞）;作品（可數(shù)名詞）learnmoreabout…更多地了解……as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as…與……一樣……e.g.Thisputerisasexpensiveasthatone.JimstudiesashardasDaniel.What’shelike?(1)他是個(gè)什么樣的人？（問(wèn)性格、品質(zhì)等）（2）他長(zhǎng)什么樣子？（問(wèn)長(zhǎng)相）=Whatdoeshelooklike?e.g.Whatisyourbrotherlike?He’skindandhonest.She’sasmallgirlwithaponytail.asmallgirlwithaponytail一個(gè)留馬尾辮的小女孩e.g.Heisaboywithasquareface.bored,excited,tired都用來(lái)描述人的感受，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：sb.+bebored/excited/tired.（某人感到……）boring,exciting,tiring都用來(lái)描述事情或事物，可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：sth.+beboring/exciting/tiring.（某事令人……）或boring/exciting/tiring+名詞（……的事情/事物）★ed形式修飾人，ing形式修飾事。e.g.I’mso________aboutthe________news.同步練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.－Weshouldhavepitychildrenlivinginpoorareas.－That'swhyIraisemoneyProjectHope.A.on;for B.about;to C.with;from D.in;for【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意“我們應(yīng)該同情生活在貧困地區(qū)的小孩。那就是為什么我要籌錢(qián)給希望工程”。on在……上；for為了；about關(guān)于；to到；with和；from從；in在……里。第一空處，havepityon同情……，第二空處raisemoneyfor為……籌錢(qián)，故選A。2.－Ihadsleeplastnight.－NowIknowwhyyoufeelquitesleepynow.A.abit B.much C.little D.few【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“我昨晚幾乎沒(méi)睡覺(jué)?，F(xiàn)在我知道為什么你現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)困倦”。A.abit修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和比較級(jí)；B.much，許多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；C.little幾乎沒(méi)有，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定；D.few幾乎沒(méi)有，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示否定。sleep為不可數(shù)名詞，譯為睡眠，且根據(jù)NowIknowwhyyoufeelquitesleepynow可知，表示“昨天晚上幾乎沒(méi)睡覺(jué)”，表示否定。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】littlefew表示否定alittleafew表示肯定+不可數(shù)名詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)3.－HowaboutgoingtoSuzhouCenteronfoot,dear?－Ifitrainynow.A.won't B.isn't C.don't D.doesn't【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意“親愛(ài)的，步行去蘇州中心怎么樣？如果現(xiàn)在不下雨”。根據(jù)句意可知，第二句話完整形式為Ifitisn’trainynow,we‘llgotoSuzhouCenteronfoot。if引導(dǎo)的條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除A。且空后有形容詞rainy，用isn’t，不能用助動(dòng)詞doesn't故選B。4.－Wow!You'vegotsomanybags.－Butofthemareinfashionnow.A.all B.both C.each D.none【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“哇嗚，你得到了如此多的包。但是所有的現(xiàn)在都不時(shí)髦了”。A.（三者或三者以上）都；B.（兩者）都；C.（兩者）每一個(gè)；D.（三者或三者以上）都不。根據(jù)You'vegotsomanybags可知，表示“三者或三者以上”，排除B和C。且根據(jù)but可知，表示“他們都不時(shí)尚了”，表示否定，故選D。5.－moreabouttomorrow'sweather,youcancall96121.－OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.Knowing C.Toknow D.Knew【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“想知道更多明天的天氣，你可以撥打96121。好的，我會(huì)的，謝謝”。這里沒(méi)有連詞，所以不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know，根據(jù)句意可知，表示“想要知道”，表示目的，用todo，故選C。6.AftermytriptoBeijing,Imustsayit'stherethaninSuzhou.A.muchdrier B.muchdry C.moredry D.moredrier【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意“去北京旅行完之后我必須說(shuō)那里比蘇州更干燥”。根據(jù)than可知，用比較級(jí)，且dry的比較級(jí)為drier，排除B和C。much可以修飾形容詞比較級(jí)，而more不能修飾形容詞比較級(jí)，故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】可以修飾形容詞比較級(jí)的詞：alittle,abit,alot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等。7.TheNBAplayersarebusyfortherestoftheseason.A.prepare B.toprepare C.prepared D.preparing【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“NBA的球員忙于準(zhǔn)備余下的賽季”。根據(jù)bebusydoing“忙于做某事”可知，故選D。8.Ifyougo,atleastwaittilltherainstops.A.can B.may C.will D.must【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“如果你必須要走，至少等到雨?！?。can能，會(huì)（表示現(xiàn)在的能力）；B.may可能；C.will將要；D.must一定，必須。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“必須要走”，故選D。9.Lifeisn'taboutwaitingforthestormtopass.It'saboutlearningintherain.A.dance B.todance C.dancing D.danced【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意“生活不是要等待暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)去，而是要學(xué)會(huì)在雨中跳舞”。根據(jù)learntodo“學(xué)習(xí)做某事”可知，故選B。10.Dr.WatsonandSherlockHolmesdinnerwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.A.eat B.areeating C.wereeating D.ate【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“沃森先生和福爾摩斯正在吃飯，突然有人敲門(mén)”。A.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；C.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；D.一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)was可知，用過(guò)去時(shí)，且根據(jù)句意可知，表示“正在吃飯”，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。11.Thesentencestructureof"WelikeEnglish."is.A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC【答案】A【解析】【詳解】WelikeEnglish，主語(yǔ)為we，謂語(yǔ)為like，賓語(yǔ)為English。主語(yǔ)S；謂語(yǔ)V；賓語(yǔ)O。所以結(jié)構(gòu)為S+V+O。故選A。12.Boysandgirls,followtheanddoitcarefully.A.discussion B.directions C.applications D.instructions【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“孩子們，聽(tīng)從指示，并認(rèn)真地做”。本題考察名詞辨析。A.討論；B.方向；C.應(yīng)用；D.指示。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“遵從指示”，故選D。13.yearsgoby,youwillknowhowusefulEnglishis.A.As B.When C.Since D.While【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意“隨著一年一年地過(guò)去，我們將會(huì)知道英語(yǔ)是多么地有用”。A.當(dāng)……時(shí)候，隨著；B.當(dāng)……時(shí)候，后即可以加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以加非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；C.自從；D.當(dāng)……時(shí)候，后只能加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。asyearsgoby隨著一年一年的過(guò)去，故選A。14.Thereiswateralloverthefloor.Wouldyouplease?A.tomopitup B.mopitup C.mopupit D.tomopupit【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意“地上都是水，你能把它拖掉嗎？”。根據(jù)wouldyoupleasedo可知，用動(dòng)詞原形，排除A和D；且在“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若賓語(yǔ)為代詞，代詞放中間，故選B。15.－Ithinkthefilmanawfulone.Whataboutyou?－.Ittellsalongandboringstory.A.Idon'tthinkyouareright B.Idon'tthinksoC.Icouldn'tagreemore D.Ican'tagreewithyou【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“我認(rèn)為這個(gè)電影很糟糕。你呢？我十分同意你，它講了一個(gè)又長(zhǎng)又無(wú)聊的故事”。A.我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)；B.我不這么認(rèn)為；C.我十分同意你；D.我不同意你。根據(jù)Ittellsalongandboringstory可知，第二個(gè)人的想法和第一個(gè)人一樣，所以是“我十分同意你”，故選C。二、完形填空Theroomintheworkhousewheretheboyswerefedwasalargestonehall.Atoneend,themaster,inhiscook’suniform,andtwowomenpreparedthe____16____.ThisincludedabowlofthinsoupthreetimesadaywithapieceofbreadonSundays.Theboysateeverythingandwerealwayshungry.Thebowlsneverneeded____17____.Theboyspolished（擦亮）themwiththeirspoonsuntiltheyshone.Afterthiscontinuedforthreemonths,oneoftheboystoldtheothersthathewasso____18____thatonenighthemighteattheboysleepingnexttohim.Hehadawildhungryeyeandtheotherboys____19____him.AfteralongdiscussiontheydecidedthatoneofthemshouldaskformorefoodaftersupperthateveningandOliverwas____20____.Theeveningarrived:thesoupwasreadyandthe____21____wereemptyagaininafewseconds.Oliverwentuptothemaster,withhisbowlinhishand.Hefeltvery____22____,butalsohelplesswithhunger.“Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.”Themasterwasafat,healthyman,butheturnedverypale.Helookedatthelittleboyinfrontofhimin____23____.Nobodyelsespoke.“What?”heaskedatlast,inalowvoice.“Please,sir.”repliedOliver,“Iwantsomemore.”Themaster____24____himwithabigspoonthencaughtOliver’sarmsandshoutedforthebeadle（執(zhí)事）.Thebeadlecamequickly,heardtheterrible____25____,andrantotelltheboardatonce.16.A.gift B.award C.food D.table17.A.washing B.tidying C.buying D.changing18.A.hungry B.angry C.lonely D.sleepy19.A.accepted B.punished C.hated D.believed20.A.allowed B.chosen C.noticed D.found21.A.plates B.bowls C.hands D.rooms22.A.excited B.proud C.tired D.afraid23.A.danger B.place C.trouble D.surprise24.A.hit B.greeted C.fed D.warned25.A.voice B.question C.news D.sound【答案】16.C17.A18.A19.D20.B21.B22.D23.D24.A25.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文出自文學(xué)作品《霧都孤兒》，講述了童工的悲慘生活，為了尋求更多的食物，他們推選Oliver出面，結(jié)果他受到了懲罰?！?6題詳解】句意：在一端，穿著廚師制服的管事和兩個(gè)女人在準(zhǔn)備食物。gift禮物；award獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；food食物；table桌子。根據(jù)“cook’suniform”可知是在準(zhǔn)備食物，故選C?！?7題詳解】句意：這些碗根本不需要洗。washing洗；tidying整理；buying買(mǎi)；changing改變。根據(jù)“Theboyspolished（擦亮）themwiththeirspoonsuntiltheyshone”可知碗是不需要洗的，故選A?！?8題詳解】句意：這樣持續(xù)了三個(gè)月后，其中一個(gè)男孩告訴其他人，他太餓了，可能會(huì)在某天晚上吃掉睡在他旁邊的男孩。hungry饑餓的；angry憤怒的；lonely孤獨(dú)的；sleepy困倦的。根據(jù)“onenighthemighteattheboysle