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PresidentObamaHoldsTownHallwithChineseYouth·TheWhiteHousePresidentBarackObamalistenstoaquestionatthetownhallmeetingwithfutureChineseleadersattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyMuseuminShanghai,China,Nov.16,2009.(OfficialWhiteHousePhotobyLawrenceJackson)PosterscommemoratingPresidentBarackObama'sappearanceattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyMuseumarehandedoutfollowinghistownhallmeetingthereinShanghai,China,Nov.16,2009.(OfficialWhiteHousePhotobyLawrenceJackson)[奧巴馬]

你好。諸位下午好。我感到很榮幸能夠有機(jī)會(huì)到上海跟你們交談,我要感謝復(fù)旦大學(xué)的楊校長(zhǎng),感謝他的款待和熱情的歡迎。我還想感謝我們出色的大使洪博培,他是我們兩國(guó)間深厚的紐帶。我不知道他剛才說什么,但是希望他說得很好。

[13:17:39]PRESIDENTOBAMA:

Goodafternoon.

ItisagreathonorformetobehereinShanghai,andtohavethisopportunitytospeakwithallofyou.

I'dliketothankFudanUniversity'sPresidentYangforhishospitalityandhisgraciouswelcome.

I'dalsoliketothankouroutstandingAmbassador,JonHuntsman,whoexemplifiesthedeeptiesandrespectbetweenournations.

Idon'tknowwhathesaid,butIhopeitwasgood.

(Laughter.)

[奧巴馬]

我今天準(zhǔn)備這樣,先做一個(gè)開場(chǎng)白,我真正希望做的是回答在座的問題,不但回答在座的學(xué)生問題,同時(shí)還可以從網(wǎng)上得到一些問題,由在座的一些學(xué)生和洪博培大使代為提問。很抱歉,我的中文遠(yuǎn)不如你們的英文,所以我期待和你們的對(duì)話。這是我首次訪問中國(guó),我看到你們博大的國(guó)家,感到很興奮。在上海這里,我們看到了矚目的增長(zhǎng),高聳的塔樓,繁忙的街道,還有企業(yè)家的精神。這些都是中國(guó)步入21世紀(jì)的跡象,讓我感到贊嘆。同時(shí)我也急切的要看到向我們展現(xiàn)中國(guó)古老的古跡,明天和后天我要到北京去看雄偉壯麗的故宮和令人嘆為觀止的長(zhǎng)城,這個(gè)國(guó)度既有豐富的歷史,又有對(duì)未來(lái)憧憬的信念。

[13:17:47]WhatI'dliketodoistomakesomeopeningcomments,andthenwhatI'mreallylookingforwardtodoingistakingquestions,notonlyfromstudentswhoareintheaudience,butalsowe'vereceivedquestionsonline,whichwillbeaskedbysomeofthestudentswhoarehereintheaudience,aswellasbyAmbassadorHuntsman.

AndIamverysorrythatmyChineseisnotasgoodasyourEnglish,butIamlookingforwardtothischancetohaveadialogue.ThisismyfirsttimetravelingtoChina,andI'mexcitedtoseethismajesticcountry.

Here,inShanghai,weseethegrowththathascaughttheattentionoftheworld--thesoaringskyscrapers,thebustlingstreetsandentrepreneurialactivity.

AndjustasI'mimpressedbythesesignsofChina'sjourneytothe21stcentury,I'meagertoseethoseancientplacesthatspeaktousfromChina'sdistantpast.

TomorrowandthenextdayIhopetohaveachancewhenI'minBeijingtoseethemajestyoftheForbiddenCityandthewonderoftheGreatWall.

Truly,thisisanationthatencompassesbotharichhistoryandabeliefinthepromiseofthefuture.[奧巴馬]

而我們兩國(guó)的關(guān)系也是如此,上海在美中關(guān)系的歷史中是個(gè)具有意義的重大城市,在30年前,《上海公報(bào)》打開了我們兩國(guó)政府和兩國(guó)人民接觸交往的新的篇章。

[13:17:54]

Thesamecanbesaidoftherelationshipbetweenourtwocountries.

Shanghai,ofcourse,isacitythathasgreatmeaninginthehistoryoftherelationshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.

Itwashere,37yearsago,thattheShanghaiCommuniqueopenedthedoortoanewchapterofengagementbetweenourgovernmentsandamongourpeople.

[奧巴馬]

不過美國(guó)與這個(gè)國(guó)家的紐帶可以追溯更久遠(yuǎn)的過去,追溯到美國(guó)獨(dú)立的初期,喬治·華盛頓組織了皇后號(hào)的下水儀式,這個(gè)船成功前往大清王朝,華盛頓希望看到這艘船前往各地,與中國(guó)結(jié)成新的紐帶。希望中國(guó)開辟新的地平線,建立新的伙伴關(guān)系。在其后的兩個(gè)世紀(jì)中,歷史洪流使我們兩國(guó)關(guān)系向許多不同的方向發(fā)展,而即使在最動(dòng)蕩的方向中,我們的兩國(guó)人民打造深的,甚至有戲劇性的紐帶,比如美國(guó)人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記,在二戰(zhàn)期間,美國(guó)飛行員在中國(guó)上空被擊落后,當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駥?duì)他們的款待,中國(guó)公民冒著失去一切的危險(xiǎn)罩著他們。

[13:18:01]However,America'stiestothiscity--andtothiscountry--stretchbackfurther,totheearliestdaysofAmerica'sindependence.In1784,ourfoundingfather,GeorgeWashington,commissionedtheEmpressofChina,ashipthatsetsailfortheseshoressothatitcouldpursuetradewiththeQingDynasty.Washingtonwantedtoseetheshipcarrytheflagaroundtheglobe,andtoforgenewtieswithnationslikeChina.

ThisisacommonAmericanimpulse--thedesiretoreachfornewhorizons,andtoforgenewpartnershipsthataremutuallybeneficial.Overthetwocenturiesthathavefollowed,thecurrentsofhistoryhavesteeredtherelationshipbetweenourcountriesinmanydirections.

Andeveninthemidstoftumultuouswinds,ourpeoplehadopportunitiestoforgedeepandevendramaticties.Forinstance,AmericanswillneverforgetthehospitalityshowntoourpilotswhowereshotdownoveryoursoilduringWorldWarII,andcaredforbyChinesecivilianswhoriskedallthattheyhadbydoingso.

AndChineseveteransofthatwarstillwarmlygreetthoseAmericanveteranswhoreturntothesiteswheretheyfoughttohelpliberateChinafromoccupation.[奧巴馬]

而參加二戰(zhàn)的老兵仍然歡迎故地重游的美國(guó)老兵,他們?cè)谀抢飬?zhàn)。40年前,我們兩國(guó)間開啟了又一種聯(lián)系,兩國(guó)關(guān)系開始解凍,通過乒乓球的比賽解凍關(guān)系。我們兩國(guó)之間有著分歧,但是我們也有著共同的人性及有著共同的好奇,就像一位乒乓球人員一樣,那的國(guó)家就是一樣,但是這個(gè)小小的開頭帶來(lái)了《上海公報(bào)》的問世,最終還帶來(lái)了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我們又取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)展,1979年美中貿(mào)易只有50億美元,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)超過了4000億美元。

[13:18:10]Adifferentkindofconnectionwasmadenearly40yearsagowhenthefrostbetweenourcountriesbegantothawthroughthesimplegameoftabletennis.

Theveryunlikelynatureofthisengagementcontributedtoitssuccess--becauseforallourdifferences,bothourcommonhumanityandoursharedcuriositywererevealed.

AsoneAmericanplayerdescribedhisvisittoChina--"[The]peoplearejustlikeus…ThecountryisverysimilartoAmerica,butstillverydifferent."OfcoursethissmallopeningwasfollowedbytheachievementoftheShanghaiCommunique,andtheeventualestablishmentofformalrelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinain1979.

Andinthreedecades,justlookathowfarwehavecome.In1979,tradebetweentheUnitedStatesandChinastoodatroughly$5billion--todayittopsover$400billioneachyear.[奧巴馬]

貿(mào)易在許多方面影響人民的生活,比如美國(guó)電腦中許多部件,還有穿的衣服都是從中國(guó)進(jìn)口的,我們向中國(guó)出口中國(guó)工業(yè)要使用的機(jī)器,這種貿(mào)易可以在太平洋兩岸創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),讓我們的人民過上質(zhì)量更高的生活。

[13:22:50]Thecommerceaffectsourpeople'slivesinsomanyways.

AmericaimportsfromChinamanyofthecomputerpartsweuse,theclotheswewear;andweexporttoChinamachinerythathelpspoweryourindustry.

ThistradecouldcreateevenmorejobsonbothsidesofthePacific,whileallowingourpeopletoenjoyabetterqualityoflife.

[奧巴馬]

在需求趨于平衡的過程中,這種貿(mào)易可以是更廣闊的貿(mào)易。如今我們有著積極合作和全面的關(guān)系,為我們?cè)诋?dāng)前重大的全球問題上建立伙伴關(guān)系打開了大門,這些問題包括經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇、潔凈能源的開發(fā)、制止核武器擴(kuò)散以及應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。還有在亞洲及全球各地促進(jìn)和平和穩(wěn)定,所有這些問題我明天與胡主席會(huì)談時(shí)都會(huì)談到。1979年的時(shí)候,我們兩國(guó)人民的聯(lián)系十分有限,如今當(dāng)年乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的好奇可以在許多領(lǐng)域建立的聯(lián)系中都可以看到,在美國(guó)數(shù)量最多的留學(xué)生都來(lái)自中國(guó)。而在美國(guó)的學(xué)生中,學(xué)中文的人數(shù)增加了50%。我們兩國(guó)有近200個(gè)友好城市,美中科學(xué)家在許多新的研究領(lǐng)域和發(fā)現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行合作,而我們兩國(guó)人民都熱愛籃球,姚明就是個(gè)例子。不過,此行中我不能觀看上海鯊魚隊(duì)的比賽,有點(diǎn)遺憾。

[13:23:12]Andasdemandbecomesmorebalanced,itcanleadtoevenbroaderprosperity.

In1979,thepoliticalcooperationbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinawasrootedlargelyinoursharedrivalrywiththeSovietUnion.

Today,wehaveapositive,constructiveandcomprehensiverelationshipthatopensthedoortopartnershiponthekeyglobalissuesofourtime--economicrecoveryandthedevelopmentofcleanenergy;stoppingthespreadofnuclearweaponsandthescourgeofclimatechange;thepromotionofpeaceandsecurityinAsiaandaroundtheglobe.

AlloftheseissueswillbeontheagendatomorrowwhenImeetwithPresidentHu.Andin1979,theconnectionsamongourpeoplewerelimited.Today,weseethecuriosityofthoseping-pongplayersmanifestedinthetiesthatarebeingforgedacrossmanysectors.

ThesecondhighestnumberofforeignstudentsintheUnitedStatescomefromChina,andwe'veseena50percentincreaseinthestudyofChineseamongourownstudents.

Therearenearly200"friendshipcities"drawingourcommunitiestogether.

AmericanandChinesescientistscooperateonnewresearchanddiscovery.

Andofcourse,YaoMingisjustonesignalofoursharedloveofbasketball--I'monlysorrythatIwon'tbeabletoseeaShanghaiSharksgamewhileI'mvisiting.[奧巴馬]

那么我們兩國(guó)之間的這種關(guān)系給我們帶來(lái)了積極的變化,這并不是偶然的,中國(guó)使得億萬(wàn)人民脫貧,而這種成就是人類歷史上史無(wú)前例的。而中國(guó)在全球問題中也發(fā)揮更大的作用,美國(guó)也目睹了我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的成長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)有句古言,溫故而知新。當(dāng)然,我們過去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑戰(zhàn),我們的關(guān)系并不是沒有困難的,沒有分歧的。但是我們必須一定是對(duì)手這種想法不應(yīng)該是一成不變的。由于我們兩國(guó)的合作,美中兩國(guó)都變得更加繁榮、更加安全。我們基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。

[13:23:27]Itisnocoincidencethattherelationshipbetweenourcountrieshasaccompaniedaperiodofpositivechange.

Chinahasliftedhundredsofmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty--anaccomplishmentunparalleledinhumanhistory--whileplayingalargerroleinglobalevents.

AndtheUnitedStateshasseenoureconomygrowalongwiththestandardoflivingenjoyedbyourpeople,whilebringingtheColdWartoasuccessfulconclusion.ThereisaChineseproverb:

"Considerthepast,andyoushallknowthefuture."

Surely,wehaveknownsetbacksandchallengesoverthelast30years.

Ourrelationshiphasnotbeenwithoutdisagreementanddifficulty.

Butthenotionthatwemustbeadversariesisnotpredestined--notwhenweconsiderthepast.

Indeed,becauseofourcooperation,boththeUnitedStatesandChinaaremoreprosperousandmoresecure.

Wehaveseenwhatispossiblewhenwebuilduponourmutualinterests,andengageonthebasisofmutualrespect.[奧巴馬]

不過,這種接觸的成功要取決于我們要彼此了解,要能夠進(jìn)行開誠(chéng)布公的對(duì)話,彼此進(jìn)行了解。就像當(dāng)年美國(guó)乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員所說的,我們作為人有著共同的向往,但是我們兩國(guó)又不同。我認(rèn)為我們兩國(guó)每個(gè)國(guó)家都應(yīng)該勾畫出自己要走的路,中國(guó)是一個(gè)文明古國(guó),它有著博大精深的文化。相對(duì)而言,美國(guó)是一個(gè)年輕的國(guó)家,它的文化受到來(lái)自許多不同國(guó)家移民的影響,而指導(dǎo)我們民主制度文件的影響,我有一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的向往,代表了一些核心的原則,就是所有的人生來(lái)平等,都有著基本的權(quán)利,而政府應(yīng)當(dāng)反映人們的意志,貿(mào)易應(yīng)該是開放的,信息流通應(yīng)當(dāng)是自由的,而法律要保證這個(gè)公平。

[13:23:38]Andyetthesuccessofthatengagementdependsuponunderstanding--onsustaininganopendialogue,andlearningaboutoneanotherandfromoneanother.

ForjustasthatAmericantabletennisplayerpointedout--wesharemuchincommonashumanbeings,butourcountriesaredifferentincertainways.

Ibelievethateachcountrymustchartitsowncourse.

Chinaisanancientnation,withadeeplyrootedculture.

TheUnitedStates,bycomparison,isayoungnation,whosecultureisdeterminedbythemanydifferentimmigrantswhohavecometoourshores,andbythefoundingdocumentsthatguideourdemocracy.Thosedocumentsputforwardasimplevisionofhumanaffairs,andtheyenshrineseveralcoreprinciples--thatallmenandwomenarecreatedequal,andpossesscertainfundamentalrights;thatgovernmentshouldreflectthewillofthepeopleandrespondtotheirwishes;thatcommerceshouldbeopen,informationfreelyaccessible;andthatlaws,andnotsimplymen,shouldguaranteetheadministrationofjustice.[奧巴馬]

當(dāng)然,我們的國(guó)家歷史也不是沒有過困難的地方,從很多方面來(lái)講,很多年以來(lái),我們是通過斗爭(zhēng)來(lái)促進(jìn)這些原則或者是所有的人民能夠享受到,為了締造一個(gè)更完美的聯(lián)合,我們也打過一個(gè)很痛苦的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),把一部分我們被奴役的人口釋放出來(lái),經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間才能使婦女有投票權(quán),勞工有組織權(quán),包括來(lái)自各地的移民能夠全部不接受。即使他們被解放以后,非洲與美國(guó)人也和美國(guó)人經(jīng)過一些分開的、不平等的條件,經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間才爭(zhēng)取到全面的平等權(quán)利,所有這些是不容易的。但是我們對(duì)這些核心原則的信念我們?nèi)〉玫倪M(jìn)展,在最黑暗的風(fēng)暴當(dāng)中是作為我們的指南針。

[13:25:18]Ofcourse,thestoryofournationisnotwithoutitsdifficultchapters.

Inmanyways--overmanyyears--wehavestruggledtoadvancethepromiseoftheseprinciplestoallofourpeople,andtoforgeamoreperfectunion.

Wefoughtaverypainfulcivilwar,andfreedaportionofourpopulationfromslavery.

Ittooktimeforwomentobeextendedtherighttovote,workerstowintherighttoorganize,andforimmigrantsfromdifferentcornersoftheglobetobefullyembraced.

Evenaftertheywerefreed,AfricanAmericansperseveredthroughconditionsthatwereseparateandnotequal,beforewinningfullandequalrights.Noneofthiswaseasy.

Butwemadeprogressbecauseofourbeliefinthosecoreprinciples,whichhaveservedasourcompassthroughthedarkestofstorms.

[奧巴馬]

這是為什么林肯在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間站起來(lái)說過,任何一個(gè)國(guó)家以自由、以所有人類平等的原則能夠長(zhǎng)久的存在,也就是為什么金博士在林肯紀(jì)念館的前臺(tái)站起來(lái),說我們國(guó)家要必須真正的實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的信念。也就是為什么來(lái)自中國(guó)或者肯尼亞的移民能夠到我們的家,也是為什么一個(gè)不到50年前以前在某些地方連投票都遇到困難的人,現(xiàn)在就能夠做到那個(gè)國(guó)家的總統(tǒng)。

[13:25:30]ThatiswhyLincolncouldstandupinthemidstofcivilwaranddeclareitastruggletoseewhetheranynation,conceivedinliberty,and"dedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal"couldlongendure.ThatiswhyDr.MartinLutherKingcouldstandonthestepsoftheLincolnMemorialandaskthatournationliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed.

That'swhyimmigrantsfromChinatoKenyacouldfindahomeonourshores;whyopportunityisavailabletoallwhowouldworkforit;andwhysomeonelikeme,wholessthan50yearsagowouldhavehadtroublevotinginsomepartsofAmerica,isnowabletoserveasitsPresident.[奧巴馬]

這就是為什么美國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)為了全世界各地的核心原則說話,我們不尋求把任何政治體制強(qiáng)制給任何國(guó)家,但是我們也不認(rèn)為我們所支持的這些原則是我們國(guó)家所獨(dú)有的,這些表達(dá)自由、宗教崇拜自由、接觸信息的機(jī)會(huì)、政治的參與,我們認(rèn)為這些是普世的權(quán)利,應(yīng)該是所有人民能夠享受到,包括少數(shù)民族和宗教的族群,不管是在中國(guó)、美國(guó)和任何國(guó)家,對(duì)于普遍權(quán)利的尊敬,作為美國(guó)對(duì)其他國(guó)家的開放態(tài)度的指導(dǎo)原則,我們對(duì)其他文化的尊重,我們對(duì)國(guó)際法的承諾和對(duì)未來(lái)的信念的原則。

[13:29:42]AndthatiswhyAmericawillalwaysspeakoutforthesecoreprinciplesaroundtheworld.

Wedonotseektoimposeanysystemofgovernmentonanyothernation,butwealsodon'tbelievethattheprinciplesthatwestandforareuniquetoournation.

Thesefreedomsofexpressionandworship--ofaccesstoinformationandpoliticalparticipation--webelieveareuniversalrights.

Theyshouldbeavailabletoallpeople,includingethnicandreligiousminorities--whethertheyareintheUnitedStates,China,oranynation.

Indeed,itisthatrespectforuniversalrightsthatguidesAmerica'sopennesstoothercountries;ourrespectfordifferentcultures;ourcommitmenttointernationallaw;andourfaithinthefuture.[奧巴馬]

所有這些都是你們知道關(guān)于美國(guó)的一些情況,我們有很多要從中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。我們看看這個(gè)偉大城市的各地,也看看這個(gè)房間,我就相信我們兩國(guó)有很重要的共同點(diǎn),也就是對(duì)未來(lái)的信念,不管是美國(guó)還是中國(guó),對(duì)現(xiàn)在的成就不能感到自滿。雖然中國(guó)是一個(gè)古老的國(guó)家,你們也是充滿信心展望未來(lái),致力于下一代能夠比這一代做的更好,除了你們不斷增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)之外,我們很配合中國(guó)在科學(xué)和研究方面所投入的力量,包括建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和使用的技術(shù),中國(guó)是世界上使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)最多的國(guó)家,這就是我們很高興互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是今天活動(dòng)的一部分,這個(gè)國(guó)家也擁有最大的機(jī)動(dòng)電話網(wǎng)絡(luò),對(duì)新的投資保持繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng),和應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面有新的投資,我也希望兩國(guó)加強(qiáng)這方面的合作。

[13:29:55]TheseareallthingsthatyoushouldknowaboutAmerica.

IalsoknowthatwehavemuchtolearnaboutChina.

Lookingaroundatthismagnificentcity--andlookingaroundthisroom--Idobelievethatournationsholdsomethingimportantincommon,andthatisabeliefinthefuture.

NeithertheUnitedStatesnorChinaiscontenttorestonourachievements.

ForwhileChinaisanancientnation,youarealsoclearlylookingaheadwithconfidence,ambition,andacommitmenttoseethattomorrow'sgenerationcandobetterthantoday's.Inadditiontoyourgrowingeconomy,weadmireChina'sextraordinarycommitmenttoscienceandresearch--acommitmentborneoutineverythingfromtheinfrastructureyoubuildtothetechnologyyouuse.

Chinaisnowtheworld'slargestInternetuser--whichiswhyweweresopleasedtoincludetheInternetasapartoftoday'sevent.

Thiscountrynowhastheworld'slargestmobilephonenetwork,anditisinvestinginthenewformsofenergythatcanbothsustaingrowthandcombatclimatechange--andI'mlookingforwardtodeepeningthepartnershipbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinainthiscriticalareatomorrow.[奧巴馬]

但是更重要是看到年輕人你們的才能、你們的獻(xiàn)身精神、你們的夢(mèng)想在21世紀(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)方面會(huì)發(fā)揮很大的作用。我說過很多次,我認(rèn)為世界是互相連接的,我們所做的工作,我們所建立的繁榮,我們所保護(hù)的環(huán)境,我們所追求的安全,所有這些都是共同的,而且是互相連接的,所以21世紀(jì)的實(shí)力不在零和游戲,一個(gè)國(guó)家成功不應(yīng)該以另外一個(gè)國(guó)家的犧牲作為代價(jià)。這就是我們?yōu)槭裁床粚で蠖糁浦袊?guó)的崛起。相反,我們歡迎中國(guó)作為一個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)的強(qiáng)的、繁榮的、成功的成員。

[13:30:05]Butaboveall,IseeChina'sfutureinyou--youngpeoplewhosetalentanddedicationanddreamswilldosomuchtohelpshapethe21stcentury.I'vesaidmanytimesthatIbelievethatourworldisnowfundamentallyinterconnected.

Thejobswedo,theprosperitywebuild,theenvironmentweprotect,thesecuritythatweseek--allofthesethingsareshared.

Andgiventhatinterconnection,powerinthe21stcenturyisnolongerazero-sumgame;onecountry'ssuccessneednotcomeattheexpenseofanother.

AndthatiswhytheUnitedStatesinsistswedonotseektocontainChina'srise.

Onthecontrary,wewelcomeChinaasastrongandprosperousandsuccessfulmemberofthecommunityofnations--aChinathatdrawsontherights,strengths,andcreativityofindividualChineselikeyou.[奧巴馬]

再回到剛才的諺語(yǔ),我們應(yīng)該考慮過去。在大的國(guó)家合作的時(shí)候,就比互相碰撞會(huì)取得更多得好處,這就是人類在歷史上不斷吸取的教訓(xùn)。我認(rèn)為我們合作應(yīng)該是超越政府間的合作,應(yīng)該是以人民為基礎(chǔ),我們所研究的內(nèi)容,我們所從事的生意,我們送獲得的知識(shí),我們所進(jìn)行的體育比賽,所有這些橋梁必須是年輕人共同合作建立起來(lái),這就是我為什么非常高興我們要大大的宣布我們到中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的留學(xué)生人數(shù),要增加到10萬(wàn)人。這樣交流就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出我們是愿意致力于加強(qiáng)兩國(guó)人民的聯(lián)系,而且我是絕對(duì)有信心。對(duì)美國(guó)來(lái)說,最好的大使、最好的使者就是年輕人,他們和你們一樣,很有才能,充滿活力,對(duì)未來(lái)的歷史還是很樂觀的,這是我們合作的下一步,惠及兩國(guó)和全世界。

[13:30:13]Toreturntotheproverb--considerthepast.

Weknowthatmoreistobegainedwhengreatpowerscooperatethanwhentheycollide.

Thatisalessonthathumanbeingshavelearnedtimeandagain,andthatistheexampleofthehistorybetweenournations.

AndIbelievestronglythatcooperationmustgobeyondourgovernment.

Itmustberootedinourpeople--inthestudiesweshare,thebusinessthatwedo,theknowledgethatwegain,andeveninthesportsthatweplay.

AndthesebridgesmustbebuiltbyyoungmenandwomenjustlikeyouandyourcounterpartsinAmerica.That'swhyI'mpleasedtoannouncethattheUnitedStateswilldramaticallyexpandthenumberofourstudentswhostudyinChinato100,000.

Andtheseexchangesmarkaclearcommitmenttobuildtiesamongourpeople,assurelyasyouwillhelpdeterminethedestinyofthe21stcentury.

AndI'mabsolutelyconfidentthatAmericahasnobetterambassadorstoofferthanouryoungpeople.

Forthey,justlikeyou,arefilledwithtalentandenergyandoptimismaboutthehistorythatisyettobewritten.Soletthisbethenextstepinthesteadypursuitofcooperationthatwillserveournations,andtheworld.

[奧巴馬]

今天可以吸收的一個(gè)最重要的內(nèi)容就是我們不斷的向前推進(jìn)。非常感謝?,F(xiàn)在歡迎各位提問題。

[13:30:22]Andifthere'sonethingthatwecantakefromtoday'sdialogue,Ihopethatitisacommitmenttocontinuethisdialoguegoingforward.Sothankyouverymuch.

AndIlookforwardnowtotakingsomequestionsfromallofyou.

Thankyouverymuch.

(Applause.)[奧巴馬]

順便說一句,這在美國(guó)是非常常見的傳統(tǒng)——舉行這種市政會(huì)議,我現(xiàn)在要做的就是如果你有興趣提問的話請(qǐng)舉手,我會(huì)說請(qǐng)你提問。我會(huì)從在座的觀眾中問一個(gè)問題,然后再讓這些學(xué)生代表以及洪大使從網(wǎng)上代為提問。我先找個(gè)男生再找一個(gè)女生,來(lái)回這么找,讓大家知道我是公平的。

[13:30:31]So--Ijustwanttomakesurethisworks.

Thisisatradition,bytheway,thatisverycommonintheUnitedStatesatthesetownhallmeetings.

Andwhatwe'regoingtodoisIwilljust--ifyouareinterestedinaskingaquestion,youcanraiseyourhands.

Iwillcallonyou.

AndthenIwillalternatebetweenaquestionfromtheaudienceandanInternetquestionfromoneofthestudentswhopreparedthequestions,aswellasIthinkAmbassadorHuntsmanmayhaveaquestionthatwewereabletoobtainfromtheWebsiteofourembassy.Soletmebegin,though,byseeing--andthenwhatI'lldoisI'llcallonaboyandthenagirlandthen--sowe'llgobackandforth,sothatyouknowit'sfair.

奧巴馬]

這位小女孩你來(lái)開始吧。請(qǐng)等一下我給你話筒。

[13:30:38]Allright?

SoI'llstartwiththisyoungladyrightinthefront.

Whydon'twewaitforthismicrophonesoeveryonecanhearyou.

Andwhat'syourname?[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問]

我叫程熙,我是復(fù)旦大學(xué)的學(xué)生,上海和芝加哥從1985年開始就是姐妹城市,這兩個(gè)城市進(jìn)行過各種經(jīng)貿(mào)、文化、政治交流,你現(xiàn)在在采取什么措施來(lái)加深美國(guó)和中國(guó)城市之間的關(guān)系。世博會(huì)明年將在上海舉行,你是否準(zhǔn)備參加世博會(huì)呢?

[13:30:56]Q

Mynameis(inaudible)andIamastudentfromFudanUniversity.

ShanghaiandChicagohavebeensistercitiessince1985,andthesetwocitieshaveconductawiderangeofeconomic,political,andculturalexchanges.

SowhatmeasureswillyoutaketodeepenthiscloserelationshipbetweencitiesoftheUnitedStatesandChina?

AndShanghaiwillholdtheWorldExpositionnextyear.

WillyoubringyourfamilytovisittheExpo?

Thankyou.[奧巴馬]

非常感謝你的問題,我在來(lái)之前和上海的市長(zhǎng)共進(jìn)午餐,他和我說他跟芝加哥,也就是我的家鄉(xiāng)有著很好的關(guān)系,他兩度訪問芝加哥,我認(rèn)為城市間有這種交流非常非常好,我剛才和韓市長(zhǎng)談的問題之一就是我們這些城市如何可以彼此進(jìn)行交流,比如就潔凈能源的策略進(jìn)行交流。因?yàn)槊乐袃蓢?guó)共同面對(duì)的問題就是我們?nèi)绾卧谌丝谠鲩L(zhǎng)的過程中,又解決氣候變化的問題,同時(shí)減少我們二氧化碳的排放。

[13:31:14]PRESIDENTOBAMA:

Well,thankyouverymuchforthequestion.

IwasjusthavinglunchbeforeIcameherewiththeMayorofShanghai,andhetoldmethathehashadanexcellentrelationshipwiththecityofChicago--myhometown--thathe'svisitedtheretwice.

AndIthinkit'swonderfultohavetheseexchangesbetweencities.OneofthethingsthatIdiscussedwiththeMayorishowbothcitiescanlearnfromeachotheronstrategiesaroundcleanenergy,becauseoneoftheissuesthattiesChinaandAmericatogetherishow,withanexpandingpopulationandaconcernforclimatechange,thatwe'reabletoreduceourcarbonfootprint.

[奧巴馬]

很顯然,在美國(guó)以及在很多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,人均能耗量都比中國(guó)的人均能耗量大,不過在中國(guó)成長(zhǎng)的過程中,能耗量會(huì)增加,因此,我們找到新的戰(zhàn)略,這符合我們兩國(guó)的利益。我們剛才談了大眾捷運(yùn),我知道上海和其他城市之間就有這種快軌,我相信美國(guó)以及芝加哥可以在這種快軌方面向中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。而在美國(guó)我們也在學(xué)習(xí)如何建造這種綠色建筑,當(dāng)然,在上海我看到有很多的吊車,很多的建筑在蓋起來(lái)。因此在這些新的技術(shù)上我們進(jìn)行合作是非常非常重要的,使得我們每一個(gè)建筑在采光、取暖等等方面都能減少能耗,使能源效率更高,這方面是我們兩國(guó)可以相互學(xué)習(xí)的。

[13:35:20]AndobviouslyintheUnitedStatesandmanydevelopedcountries,percapita,perindividual,theyarealreadyusingmuchmoreenergythaneachindividualhereinChina.

ButasChinagrowsandexpands,it'sgoingtobeusingmoreenergyaswell.

Sobothcountrieshaveagreatinterestinfindingnewstrategies.WetalkedaboutmasstransitandtheexcellentraillinesthatarebeingdevelopedinShanghai.

IthinkwecanlearninChicagoandtheUnitedStatessomeofthefineworkthat'sbeingdoneonhigh-speedrail.

IntheUnitedStates,Ithinkwearelearninghowtodevelopbuildingsthatusemuchlessenergy,thataremuchmoreenergy-efficient.

AndIknowthatwithShanghai,asItraveledandIsawallthecranesandallthenewbuildingsthataregoingup,it'sveryimportantforustostartincorporatingthesenewtechnologiessothateachbuildingisenergy-efficientwhenitcomestolighting,whenitcomestoheating.

Andsoit'saterrificopportunityIthinkforustolearnfromeachother.[奧巴馬]

我知道上海世博會(huì)的焦點(diǎn)之一就是提高能效的問題,剛才韓市長(zhǎng)跟我講了這個(gè)問題,我將非常樂于參加上海世博會(huì),當(dāng)然,我現(xiàn)在不知道那時(shí)候我的時(shí)間安排怎么樣,不過我感到非常高興上海世博會(huì)將有我們的美國(guó)館,我們知道現(xiàn)在參觀世博會(huì)的人會(huì)有七千萬(wàn)人。芝加哥已經(jīng)舉辦過兩次世博會(huì),這兩次世博會(huì)都給我們芝加哥帶來(lái)了巨大的好處,我希望上海情況也是如此,謝謝。

[13:35:32]IknowthisisgoingtobeamajorfocusoftheShanghai

WorldExpo,istheissueofcleanenergy,asIlearnedfromtheMayor.

AndsoIwouldlovetoattend.

I'mnotsureyetwhatmyscheduleisgoingtobe,butI'mverypleasedthatwe'regoingtohaveanexcellentU.S.pavilionattheExpo,andIunderstandthatweexpectasmanyas70millionvisitorshere.

Soit'sgoingtobeverycrowdedandit'sgoingtobeveryexciting.Chicagohashadtwoworldexposinitshistory,andbothofthoseexposendedupbeingtremendousboostsforthecity.

SoI'msurethesamethingwillhappenhereinShanghai.Thankyou.

(Applause.)Whydon'twegetoneofthequestionsfromtheInternet?

Andintroduceyourself,incase–[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問]

總統(tǒng)先生,我是上海交通大學(xué)的學(xué)生。我的問題是,您來(lái)中國(guó)的第一印象是什么?你給中國(guó)帶來(lái)什么?又想從中國(guó)帶走什么?

[13:35:41]Q

FirstshallIsayitinChinese,andthentheEnglish,okay?PRESIDENTOBAMA:

Yes.Q

IwanttoposeaquestionfromtheInternet.

Iwanttothankyou,Mr.President,forvisitingChinainyourfirstyearinoffice,andexchangeviewswithusinChina.

IwanttoknowwhatareyoubringingtoChina,yourvisittoChinathistime,andwhatwillyoubringbacktotheUnitedStates?

(Applause.)[奧巴馬]

好。這次訪問的主要目的就是加深我對(duì)中國(guó)和中國(guó)對(duì)未來(lái)的愿景的理解,我已經(jīng)和胡主席進(jìn)行了幾次會(huì)晤,我們一起參加20國(guó)峰會(huì),就是應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī),另外,我們就范圍廣泛的問題也進(jìn)行磋商。但是我認(rèn)為很重要的是美國(guó)要繼續(xù)不斷的加深對(duì)中國(guó)的了解,同樣中國(guó)要不斷加深對(duì)美國(guó)的了解也是重要的。至于我這次會(huì)晤希望有什么成果或者訪問的成果,除了能夠看紫禁城和長(zhǎng)城這么偉大的好的機(jī)會(huì),還有會(huì)見各位,所有這些都是我的一些高潮和亮點(diǎn)。

[13:35:51]PRESIDENTOBAMA:

ThemainpurposeofmytripistodeepenmyunderstandingofChinaanditsvisionforthefuture.

IhavehadseveralmeetingsnowwithPresidentHu.

WeparticipatedtogetherintheG20thatwasdealingwiththeeconomicfinancialcrisis.

Wehavehadconsultationsaboutawiderangeofissues.ButIthinkit'sveryimportantfortheUnitedStatestocontinuallydeepenitsunderstandingofChina,justasit'simportantforChinatocontinuallydeepenitsunderstandingoftheUnitedStates.IntermsofwhatI'dliketogetoutofthismeeting,orthisvisit,inadditiontohavingthewonderfulopportunitytoseetheForbiddenCityandtheGreatWall,andtomeetwithallofyou--theseareallhighlights–[奧巴馬]

除此以外,我打算和胡主席談到一些問題,也就是洪大使提到的一點(diǎn),世界上除非美中兩國(guó)一致,不然能夠解決全球的挑戰(zhàn)是極少的。我舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說,剛才談到的氣候變化這個(gè)問題,美國(guó)和中國(guó)是世界上最大的兩個(gè)溫室氣體的排放者,也就是造成全球變暖的因素。那么美國(guó)作為一個(gè)高度發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,就像剛才說的,從人均來(lái)講,人均消耗的能源多得多,排放的溫室氣體按人均來(lái)算比中國(guó)多得多,但是中國(guó)增長(zhǎng)速度快得多,人口多得多,所以除非我們兩個(gè)國(guó)家都愿意采取一些關(guān)鍵的步驟來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問題,我們就無(wú)法解決這個(gè)問題。

[13:35:59]butinadditiontothat,thediscussionsthatIintendtohavewithPresidentHuspeaktothepointthatAmbassadorHuntsmanmadeearlier,whichisthereareveryfewglobalchallengesthatcanbesolvedunlesstheUnitedStatesandChinaagree.

Soletmegiveyouaspecificexample,andthatistheissuewewerejustdiscussingofclimatechange.

TheUnitedStatesandChinaaretheworld'stwolargestemittersofgreenhousegases,ofcarbonthatiscausingtheplanettowarm.

Now,theUnitedStates,asahighlydevelopedcountry,asIsaidbefore,percapita,consumesmuchmoreenergyandemitsmuchmoregreenhousegasesforeachindividualthandoesChina.

Ontheotherhand,Chinaisgrowingatamuchfasterpaceandithasamuchlargerpopulation.

Sounlessbothofourcountriesarewillingtotakecriticalstepsindealingwiththisissue,wewillnotbeabletoresolveit.

[奧巴馬]

那么12月份舉行哥本哈根會(huì)議,世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正在努力找到一個(gè)方案,能夠使我們大家都作出承諾,是有區(qū)別的,不會(huì)說每個(gè)國(guó)家承擔(dān)的義務(wù)一樣,顯然中國(guó)貧窮的人數(shù)多得多,所以他不需要跟美國(guó)做的一樣。但是各方都應(yīng)該承擔(dān)一些具體的義務(wù),就是有關(guān)我們打算做些什么來(lái)減少溫室氣體。這只是一個(gè)例子,我希望會(huì)晤的成果,就是我和胡主席能夠就美中兩國(guó)怎么共同發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用而達(dá)成一致。因?yàn)槲铱梢愿嬖V各位,甚至很多其他國(guó)家他們將等著我們,他們要看我們做什么,他們要說,“你看美國(guó)、中國(guó)他們對(duì)這個(gè)并不認(rèn)真,那他們也不會(huì)認(rèn)真”。

[13:39:24]There'sgoingtobeaCopenhagenconferenceinDecemberinwhichworldleadersaretryingtofindarecipesothatwecanallmakecommitmentsthataredifferentiatedsoeachcountrywouldnothavethesameobligations--obviouslyChina,whichhasmuchmorepoverty,shouldnothavetodoexactlythesamethingastheUnitedStates--butallofusshouldhavethesecertainobligationsintermsofwhatourplanwillbetoreducethesegreenhousegases.

Sothat'sanexampleofwhatIhopetogetoutofthismeeting--ameetingofthemindsbetweenmyselfandPresidentHuabouthowtogethertheUnitedStatesandChinacanshowleadership.

BecauseIwilltellyou,othercountriesaroundtheworldwillbewaitingforus.

Theywillwatchtoseewhatwedo.Andiftheysay,ah,youknow,theUnitedStatesandChina,they'renotseriousaboutthis.Thentheywon'tbeseriouseither.

[奧巴馬]

那兩個(gè)國(guó)家就要承擔(dān)做領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的責(zé)任。所以我們?cè)绞悄軌蛴懻撨@個(gè)問題,越是能夠向全世界展現(xiàn)在這些問題上的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。好吧,我想現(xiàn)在輪到男士。

[13:39:30]Thatistheburdenofleadershipthatbothofourcountriesnowcarry.

Andmyhopeis,isthatthemorediscussionanddialoguethatwehave,themoreweareabletoshowthisleadershiptotheworldonthesemanycriticalissues.

Okay?

(Applause.)Allright,it'sa--Ithinkitmustbeaboy'sturnnow.

Right?

SoI'llcallonthisyoungmanrighthere.[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問]

我是同濟(jì)大學(xué)黃立赫(音)。首先我想引用“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)不亦樂乎”這句話來(lái)歡迎您,在《論語(yǔ)·子路》中有一句話叫和而不同,我們中國(guó)人民的理想就是在世界構(gòu)建一個(gè)文化多元化的和諧世界。我們知道美國(guó)文化本身是在歷史沉淀當(dāng)中由不同的文化元素所積淀而成的多元混合型文化,請(qǐng)問在您的這屆政府中會(huì)采取哪些措施來(lái)共同構(gòu)建這個(gè)世界向著文化多元化發(fā)展?在您的外交政策中會(huì)有哪些措施去尊重各國(guó)的不同的歷史文化?我們中美兩國(guó)在此方面會(huì)有哪些合作?謝謝您。

[13:39:39]Q

(Astranslated.)

Mr.President,goodafternoon.

I'mfromTongjiUniversity.

IwanttociteasayingfromConfucius:"Itisalwaysgoodtohaveafriendcomingfromafar."

InConfuciusbooks,thereisagreatsayingwhichsaysthatharmonyisgood,butalsoweupholddifferences.

Chinaadvocatesaharmoniousworld.

WeknowthattheUnitedStatesdevelopsaculturethatfeaturesdiversity.

Iwanttoknow,whatwillyourgovernmentdotobuildadiversifiedworldwithdifferentcultures?

Whatwouldyoudotorespectthedifferentculturesandhistoriesofothercountries?

Andwhatkindsofcoo

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