專題36 閱讀理解猜詞詞義題滿分對策【 核心知識】 高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識清單（全國）原卷版

專題36【口袋書】閱讀理解猜詞詞義題滿分對策原卷版閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題規(guī)律探究1.利用1.利用構(gòu)詞法猜測英語單詞可以通過添加詞綴、合成或轉(zhuǎn)化的方式構(gòu)成新詞或生成新的詞義。同學(xué)們要熟記一定數(shù)量的詞根、前綴和后綴，從而達(dá)到通過“解剖”一個單詞，對一個生詞能夠“望文生義”的效果，同時結(jié)合文章的語境來猜測詞義。【考例1】（2016年全國II卷B篇）27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean？A.Mistake.

B.Drawback.

C.Difficulty.

D.Burden.原文：Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”【解析】downside是由“down（向下）+side（方面）”構(gòu)成的合成詞，并且后文提到“作者冒著失去那些有不同思維風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險”。因此，我們可以猜測該詞的意思是“不足，缺點(diǎn)”，故選B項。2.2.利用因果法猜測若畫線單詞或短語前后句子之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，那我們便可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推知單詞或短語的意義。根據(jù)前面的原因可以推測后面的結(jié)果，根據(jù)后面的結(jié)果也可以反推前面的原因。因果關(guān)系的語境通常由because、so、thus、therefore、asaresultof、since、sothat、so/such...that...等標(biāo)志詞體現(xiàn)?！究祭?】（2019年全國II卷B篇）25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean？A.Encourageteamwork.

B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.

D.Provideadvice.原文：Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”【解析】3.利用同義法猜測由邏輯詞“so”可知，此處可以借助因果邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義句意。畫線部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人勸說一下”，故“tugattheheartstrings”應(yīng)該有“勸說”的意思。“appealtofeeling”意思是“打動某人，喚起某人的情感”3.利用同義法猜測畫線單詞或短語前后有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往暗示了該單詞或短語的含義，這時我們可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。常見的表示同義關(guān)系的詞或短語有and、or、like、aswell、similarly、too、also、either等。當(dāng)畫線單詞或短語與其他單詞或短語由并列連詞或者表示相同相似關(guān)系的副詞連接時，意味著這兩部分內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的，由此可確定同等關(guān)系中的某個單詞或短語所屬的義域，進(jìn)而可推知其大致意思?！究祭?】（2015年四川卷D篇）44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean？A.Activeatnight.

B.Inactiveatnight.C.Activeduringtheday.

D.Inactiveduringtheday.原文：Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.4.利用反義法猜測【解析】畫線單詞前一句說“不是只有知更鳥在人造光下會一直醒著”，而“also（也）”表明這一句與前面表達(dá)的意思相近，即“黑鸝和海鷗也更活躍”?！皀octurnal”應(yīng)該是“awake”的近義詞，意為“夜間活躍的”4.利用反義法猜測運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)折對比描述事物或現(xiàn)象是寫作時常用的一種手法，作者常借用一些信號詞來提供相反信息，從而表明一個詞語與前面或后面的另一個詞語互為反義或轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系。抓住這些信號詞，結(jié)合上下文意，我們就能夠快速推測出詞義。體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系的詞語很多，常見的有but、yet、however、while、unlike、instead（of）、ontheotherhand、ratherthan、onthecontrary等?！究祭?】（2012年全國II卷D篇）54.Whatdothewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto？A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.

B.AphotographofLucy.C.Acopyoftheskeleton.

D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.原文：EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.【解析】由“while（而）”可知，本題可以使用反義法解題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“whiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom”可知，“while”前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系，所以畫線詞與“real”意思相反，意思應(yīng)為“假的”，故答案為C，意思是“一個骨骼的復(fù)制品”。5.5.利用語境法猜測有些猜測詞義句意題找不到以上標(biāo)志或線索，這時我們可以利用上下文提供的語境進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測詞義句意?！究祭?】（2019年全國I卷B篇）25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto？A.Improperpauses.

B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.

D.Sillyjokes.原文：Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.【解析】根據(jù)上下文語境可知，老師借助競選演說鼓勵同學(xué)們學(xué)會贊美自己。文中Chris的母語不是英語，他學(xué)英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時非常緊張，所以說話磕磕絆絆，經(jīng)常停頓?！皊tumble”一詞描述的是Chris演講時的狀態(tài)，而A項的意思是“不恰當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD”，故正確答案為A。6.利用6.利用常識法猜測在僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系和語境無法猜出詞義時，我們可以借助生活經(jīng)驗和普通常識確定詞義?！究祭?】（2020年江蘇卷C篇）61.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“

_______

”.A.digestthemealeasily

B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat

D.eatwhateverisoffered原文：Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.【解析】此題考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根據(jù)生活常識可知，有的人鍛煉前不吃早飯是受不了的，所以此處意為“如果可以忍受空腹的話，在吃早飯前去鍛煉比吃過早餐后去鍛煉好處更多”，故選B項。高考英語試題的閱讀材料選材地道、內(nèi)容新穎、語言鮮活，常蘊(yùn)含豐富地道的詞匯和表達(dá)方式。文章中有時會出現(xiàn)生詞，抑或是使用熟詞的生僻意思，借此考查考生是否具有通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、同義、對比、因果、常識、上下文語境等線索推斷詞義句意的能力。同學(xué)們在復(fù)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)熟練掌握考綱所要求的3500個詞匯，同時具備必要的構(gòu)詞知識，擴(kuò)大閱讀量，再適當(dāng)運(yùn)用以上猜詞錦囊，相信會對解答好猜詞悟義題有所助益。調(diào)研01閱讀理解猜測詞義題調(diào)研01(2023新課標(biāo)I卷C篇)Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.9.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(這個過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動。在30天結(jié)束的時候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。調(diào)研02調(diào)研02(2023新課標(biāo)II卷C篇)Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand. B.Paint.C.Seize. D.Transform.10.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(藝術(shù)品的選擇和排列方式強(qiáng)調(diào)了不同時代和文化之間的聯(lián)系。我們看到孩子們在家里或?qū)W校學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的場景，這本書是幾代人之間關(guān)系的焦點(diǎn))”以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmoments(這些場景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的，但它們記錄了一些時刻)”可推知，此處指書籍是人類之間相互聯(lián)系和理解的紐帶，故與畫線短語“relateto”意思最相近的為A項“理解、認(rèn)識到”。故選A。調(diào)研調(diào)研03(2023全國甲卷B篇)TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A.Anartist. B.Awinner. C.Aspecialist. D.Apioneer.24.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線短語下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(她擅長擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此處指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C項“Aspecialist(一位專業(yè)人員)”最接近畫線短語“adabhand”的意思。故選C。調(diào)研調(diào)研04調(diào)研01(2023全國乙卷D篇)調(diào)研01Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.34.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文可知，我們對過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。調(diào)研調(diào)研05(2022新課標(biāo)I卷C篇)WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.30.C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。調(diào)研調(diào)研06(2022新課標(biāo)II卷B篇)Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.24.B。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.”以及畫線詞后文“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個講故事的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認(rèn)識到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。調(diào)研調(diào)研07(2022全國甲卷C篇)Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.28.A。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,(當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組taketheplunge與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。調(diào)研調(diào)研08(2022全國乙卷D篇)Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.29.C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。調(diào)研調(diào)研09(2021新課標(biāo)I卷C篇)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(棲息地).29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.(美洲原住民明智地保護(hù)了這些寶貴的自然資源。不幸的是，僅僅幾十年的探險家和定居者就decimate這些資源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述美洲原住民保護(hù)這些寶貴的自然資源，所以后句表示探險家和定居者破壞了這些自然資源，推測劃線單詞表示“破壞”，與destroy同義。故選C。調(diào)研調(diào)研10(2021新課標(biāo)II卷C篇)Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.25.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（隨著它們的活動越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個大房間里，否則它們會）以及后文“We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我們早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個動物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們關(guān)在一個大房間里，否則它們就會調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個動物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。調(diào)研調(diào)研11(2021全國甲卷C篇)Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.29.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?A.Becareful! B.Welldone! C.Noway! D.Don'tworry!29.B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義。10.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,"Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.””(我告訴他：“我20年前經(jīng)常在這里玩滑板，”他緩慢地開始向我點(diǎn)頭：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank這個地方是為了尋找自己玩滑板的回憶。調(diào)研調(diào)研12(2021全國乙卷B篇)Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(調(diào)查).OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.25.A。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認(rèn)為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認(rèn)”。調(diào)研調(diào)研13(2021全國I卷B篇)WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4referto?A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance. D.Facevalue.26.B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(雖然金錢確實是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意為“但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報”。調(diào)研調(diào)研14(2020全國II卷C篇)NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.

What

does

the

underlined

word

“collapsed”

in

paragraph

5

probably

mean?A.

Boomed. B.

Became

mature.

C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.30.D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的控制，但是當(dāng)海貍鼠市場在20世紀(jì)80年代末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，根據(jù)but判斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于控制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導(dǎo)致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和crashed倒閉的意思最相近。調(diào)研調(diào)研15(2020全國III卷B篇)Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely. B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully. D.Watchingcarefully.26.D。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織，今年正密切關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關(guān)注”。調(diào)研調(diào)研16(2020新課標(biāo)卷C篇)Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.29.詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章這件事，根據(jù)第一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(幾年后，仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。調(diào)研調(diào)研17（2020年新課標(biāo)卷D篇）AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto？A.Bigeaters.

B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.

D.Tallthinpersons.33.D。詞句猜測題。由“contraryto（與……相反）”可知，畫線詞一句與前句意思相反，因此“beanpoles”應(yīng)該與“heavierpeople”意思相反，意思是“與現(xiàn)存的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)（應(yīng)該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯）相反，你真正需要避開的是胃口大而又高又瘦的人”，故選D項。閱讀理解猜測詞義題命題規(guī)律探究[1]IstillhaveathousandquestionsastowhyIstruggledtoact.Whydidittakememanycirclesaroundthemallandanargumentwithmyself?Ioncewaveredbetweenhelpingherandignoringher.AllIknowforsureisthatwhilewalkingtowardthatwomanatthebusstop,amiraclehappened.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"wavered"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Hesitated. B.Disagreed. C.Balanced. D.Objected.1.A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“IstillhaveathousandquestionsastowhyIstruggledtoact.Whydidittakememanycirclesaroundthemallandanargumentwithmyself?Ioncewaveredbetweenhelpingherandignoringher.（我仍然有幾千個問題，關(guān)于我為什么會掙扎著采取行動？我為什么會繞著商場幾圈，為什么會心里做斗爭。我曾經(jīng)在把幫助她還是忽視她之間猶豫不決。）”中的whystruggledtoact（為什么會掙扎著是否幫助她）和anargumentwithmyself（會心里斗爭）可知，此處表示我一直在內(nèi)心掙扎是否要去幫助她，故此處的waver與hesitate意思相近，表示猶豫不決，不知道是否應(yīng)該去幫助她，故選A。[2]Thisevidence,whichisassumedtooccurthroughabio-behavioralmechanism,suggeststhatpreventionstrategiesthattargetmodificationofpsychologicalwell-being-e.g.optimism-maybeapotentialavenueforAHAtoreachitsgoalofimprovingAmericans’cardiovascularhealthby20percentbefore2020.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“avenue”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Danger. B．Approach. C．Ability. D．District.2.B。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文“toreachitsgoalofimprovingAmericans’cardiovascularhealthby20percentbefore2020.（以實現(xiàn)其在2020年前將美國人心血管健康水平提高20%的目標(biāo)。）”可知，生物行為機(jī)制產(chǎn)生的證據(jù)表明以心理健康為目標(biāo)的預(yù)防策略——例如樂觀主義——可能是美國心臟協(xié)會實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的潛在途徑。Avenue意為“方法，途徑”。故選B。[3]Fiveyearsago,FrenchnavyofficerJér?meChardonwaslisteningtoaradioprogramaboutthejourneyofthebar-tailedgodwit,abirdthatmigrates14,000kilometersbetweenNewZealandandAlaska.Chardonunderstoodhowtreacherousthejourneywouldbe,asheavystormsfrequentlyhitPacificislandcommunities.Yet,somehow,bar-tailedgodwitsroutinelypassthroughtheareauninjured.Chardonwonderedwhetherlearninghowbirdstraveledcouldhelpcoastalcommunitiesavoidnaturaldisasters.3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheword“treacherous”underlinedinparagraph1?A．Strange. B．Boring.C．Frequent. D．Dangerous.3.D。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后“...asheavystormsfrequentlyhitPacificislandcommunities.Yet,somehow,bar-tailedgodwitsroutinelypassthroughtheareauninjured.”（因為強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴經(jīng)常襲擊太平洋島嶼社區(qū)。然而，不知何故，斑尾塍鷸經(jīng)常毫發(fā)無損地穿過這片區(qū)域）可知，畫線詞的意思與Dangerous的意思最為接近，即：這段旅程很危險，故選D。[4](2019全國I)Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.4.A根據(jù)第二段totellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…Christripsonthe…可知Chris因為緊張，演講時說話有點(diǎn)磕巴，故此處stumbles指不恰當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD。[5](2019全國II)Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.5.B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句話ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...可知，作者為了勸服這位家長，舉了兩個例子。故可知，劃線句此處應(yīng)是“煽情”之意。[6](2019全國III)"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina;someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownonC.workingwith D.competingagainst6.D詞義猜測題根據(jù)第四段最后一句…beatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales可知，VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWu這些人在設(shè)計和銷售方面毫不費(fèi)勁地打敗了傳統(tǒng)時尚大牌。故選D項。