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第二篇解題技巧篇技巧01選擇題解法與技巧(練)1.(2023春·河南·高三洛陽市第三中學(xué)校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象可能為(
)A. B.C. D.【答案】A【分析】判斷出函數(shù)為偶函數(shù),排除C,有特殊點(diǎn)的函數(shù)值排除BD,選出正確答案.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0定義域?yàn)镽,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),排除C;令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,排除B;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,排除D,A符合要求,.故選:A.2.(2022·云南昆明·高三昆明一中??奸_學(xué)考試)2021年5月15日7時(shí)18分,我國首個(gè)自主研發(fā)的火星探測器“天問一號”,在經(jīng)歷了296天的太空之旅,總距離約SKIPIF1<0億公里的飛行后,天問一號火星探測器所攜帶的祝融號火星車及其著陸組合體,成功降落在火星北半球的烏托邦平原南部,實(shí)現(xiàn)了中國航天史無前例的突破.已知地球自轉(zhuǎn)的線速度約為火星自轉(zhuǎn)線速度的兩倍,地球自轉(zhuǎn)一周為24小時(shí),而火星自轉(zhuǎn)一周約為25小時(shí).地球與火星均視為球體,則火星的表面積約為地球表面積的(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】令地球、火星半徑分別為SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合題設(shè)有SKIPIF1<0,應(yīng)用球體表面積公式即可得火星的表面積相對地球表面積的數(shù)量關(guān)系.【詳解】令地球、火星半徑分別為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以火星的表面積約為地球表面積SKIPIF1<0.故選:A3.(2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.1 B.2 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,滿足題意,即可求解.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對稱,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對稱,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0滿足條件,SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.4.(2023秋·浙江紹興·高三統(tǒng)考期末)已知SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0討論單調(diào)性和最值可比較得SKIPIF1<0,再構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0可比較得SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.【點(diǎn)睛】關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)點(diǎn)睛:本題的關(guān)鍵在于利用導(dǎo)數(shù)與最值之間的關(guān)系證明不等式SKIPIF1<0和當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)不等式賦值即可比較大小.5.(2023秋·浙江紹興·高三統(tǒng)考期末)若橢圓SKIPIF1<0的左焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對稱的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在橢圓SKIPIF1<0上,則橢圓的離心率為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,由題意求出SKIPIF1<0,代入橢圓SKIPIF1<0的方程得,SKIPIF1<0,化簡即可得出答案.【詳解】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則由題意可得:SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,代入橢圓SKIPIF1<0的方程得,SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以離心率為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.6.(2023秋·浙江紹興·高三統(tǒng)考期末)康托爾三分集是一種重要的自相似分形集.具體操作如下:將閉區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0均分為三段,去掉中間的區(qū)間段SKIPIF1<0,記為第一次操作;再將剩下的兩個(gè)區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0分別均分為三段,并各自去掉中間的區(qū)間段,記為第二次操作,SKIPIF1<0,將這樣的操作一直繼續(xù)下去,直至無窮,由于在不斷分割舍棄過程中,所形成的線段數(shù)目越來越多,長度越來越小,在極限的情況下,得到一個(gè)離散的點(diǎn)集,稱為康托爾三分集,記為SKIPIF1<0.若使留下的各區(qū)間長度之和不超過SKIPIF1<0,則至少需要操作(
)次(參考數(shù)據(jù):SKIPIF1<0)A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)條件得到規(guī)律:第SKIPIF1<0次操作去掉的線段長度之和為SKIPIF1<0,然后利用等比數(shù)列的求和公式可得留下的各區(qū)間長度之和,然后解不等式可得答案.【詳解】第一次操作去掉的線段長度為SKIPIF1<0,第二次操作去掉的線段長度之和為SKIPIF1<0,第三次操作去掉的線段長度之和為SKIPIF1<0,……第SKIPIF1<0次操作去掉的線段長度之和為SKIPIF1<0,所以留下的各區(qū)間長度之和為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;故選:C.7.(2023秋·河北保定·高三統(tǒng)考期末)已知三棱錐SKIPIF1<0的所有棱長均為2,以BD為直徑的球面與SKIPIF1<0的交線為L,則交線L的長度為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】分別取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,由題意分析知,以BD為直徑的球面與SKIPIF1<0的交線為SKIPIF1<0外接圓周長的SKIPIF1<0,求出SKIPIF1<0的外接圓半徑,求解即可.【詳解】取BD的中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為球心,過SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中心,延長SKIPIF1<0交所以SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0平面SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為以BD為直徑的球面上一點(diǎn),分別取SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0也為以BD為直徑的球面上一點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0為等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0的外接圓即為四邊形SKIPIF1<0的外接圓,SKIPIF1<0為外接圓的半徑,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以以BD為直徑的球面與SKIPIF1<0的交線L長為SKIPIF1<0外接圓周長的SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.8.(2021年全國高考甲卷數(shù)學(xué)(理)試題)等比數(shù)列SKIPIF1<0的公比為q,前n項(xiàng)和為SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)甲:SKIPIF1<0,乙:SKIPIF1<0是遞增數(shù)列,則()A.甲是乙的充分條件但不是必要條件B.甲是乙的必要條件但不是充分條件C.甲是乙的充要條件D.甲既不是乙的充分條件也不是乙的必要條件【答案】B【解析】【分析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),通過舉反例說明甲不是乙的充分條件;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0是遞增數(shù)列時(shí),必有SKIPIF1<0成立即可說明SKIPIF1<0成立,則甲是乙的必要條件,即可選出答案.【詳解】由題,當(dāng)數(shù)列為SKIPIF1<0時(shí),滿足SKIPIF1<0,但是SKIPIF1<0不是遞增數(shù)列,所以甲不是乙的充分條件.若SKIPIF1<0是遞增數(shù)列,則必有SKIPIF1<0成立,若SKIPIF1<0不成立,則會出現(xiàn)一正一負(fù)的情況,是矛盾的,則SKIPIF1<0成立,所以甲是乙的必要條件.故選:B.9.(2021·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是橢圓SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.13 B.12 C.9 D.6【答案】C【分析】本題通過利用橢圓定義得到SKIPIF1<0,借助基本不等式SKIPIF1<0即可得到答案.【詳解】由題,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),等號成立).故選:C.10.(2022·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0恰有三個(gè)極值點(diǎn)、兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】由SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍得到SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍,再結(jié)合正弦函數(shù)的性質(zhì)得到不等式組,解得即可.【詳解】解:依題意可得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,要使函數(shù)在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0恰有三個(gè)極值點(diǎn)、兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象如下所示:則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.11.(2023·全國·模擬預(yù)測)趙州橋是世界上現(xiàn)存年代最久遠(yuǎn),跨度最大,保存最完整的單孔坦弧敞肩石拱橋.趙州橋的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用到平擺線:當(dāng)一個(gè)圓沿著一條直線作無滑動(dòng)的滾動(dòng)時(shí),圓周上的定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡為平擺線.趙州橋的拱可以近似看作平擺線,設(shè)拱與水面交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn)(SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的左側(cè)),SKIPIF1<0,若拱左半部分的一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到水面的距離為SKIPIF1<0,則線段SKIPIF1<0長度的近似值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】由題中的圖形特征和數(shù)據(jù)特征,計(jì)算長度的近似值.【詳解】設(shè)圓的半徑為SKIPIF1<0,由題意可知,SKIPIF1<0與圓的周長相等,則有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0到水面的距離為SKIPIF1<0,可看作圓近似滾動(dòng)SKIPIF1<0個(gè)圓周,如圖所示,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為垂足,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0故選:B12.(2023秋·浙江杭州·高三期末)已知非零向量SKIPIF1<0的夾角的余弦值為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.2【答案】A【分析】結(jié)合向量數(shù)量積運(yùn)算及向量垂直的表示,可得關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的齊次方程,即可進(jìn)一步求得SKIPIF1<0的值.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0(舍去).故選:A.13.(2023春·浙江溫州·高三統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試)某醫(yī)院對10名入院人員進(jìn)行新冠病毒感染篩查,若采用單管檢驗(yàn)需檢驗(yàn)10次;若采用10合一混管檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果為陰性則只要檢驗(yàn)1次,如果檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果為陽性,就要再全部進(jìn)行單管檢驗(yàn).記10合一混管檢驗(yàn)次數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),10名人員均為陰性的概率為(
)A.0.01 B.0.02 C.0.1 D.0.2【答案】C【分析】依據(jù)題意寫出隨機(jī)變量SKIPIF1<0的的分布列,利用期望的公式即可求解.【詳解】設(shè)10人全部為陰性的概率為SKIPIF1<0,混有陽性的概率為SKIPIF1<0,若全部為陰性,需要檢測1次,若混有陽性,需要檢測11次,則隨機(jī)變量SKIPIF1<0的分布列SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.14.(2022·浙江·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,若對任意SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】將問題轉(zhuǎn)換為SKIPIF1<0,再結(jié)合畫圖求解.【詳解】由題意有:對任意的SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0恒成立.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的圖像恒在SKIPIF1<0的上方(可重合),如下圖所示:由圖可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:D.15.(2023春·江蘇南通·高三校考開學(xué)考試)在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,直線DE與直線BC交于點(diǎn)F.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)題意,可得SKIPIF1<0,再由SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,利用共線定理求解即可.【詳解】如下圖所示:由題可知,SKIPIF1<0,由共線定理可知,存在實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0共線,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.16.(2023·陜西榆林·統(tǒng)考一模)已知SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論一定成立的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)導(dǎo)數(shù)得出其單調(diào)性,則結(jié)合已知得出SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即可得出SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.17.(2020屆浙江省名校新高考研究聯(lián)盟(Z20聯(lián)盟))已知數(shù)列滿足:,.則下列說法正確的是()A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】考察函數(shù),由可得在單調(diào)遞增,由可得在單調(diào)遞減且,可得,數(shù)列為單調(diào)遞增數(shù)列,如圖所示:且,,圖象可得,所以,故選B.18.(2022秋·湖南長沙·高二長沙麓山國際實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校??奸_學(xué)考試)設(shè)非零向量SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的夾角為SKIPIF1<0,定義運(yùn)算SKIPIF1<0.下列敘述錯(cuò)誤的是(
)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0為任意非零向量)C.設(shè)在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)新定義逐一判斷A、C、D選項(xiàng),舉反例說明B選項(xiàng)即可.【詳解】對于A,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對于B,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的夾角,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,不妨取SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0不成立,故B錯(cuò)誤;對于C,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,所以SKIPIF1<0,故D正確;故選:B.19.(2023·四川綿陽·綿陽中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測)已知EF是圓SKIPIF1<0的一條弦,且SKIPIF1<0,P是EF的中點(diǎn),當(dāng)弦EF在圓C上運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),直線SKIPIF1<0上存在兩點(diǎn)A,B,使得SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則線段AB長度的最小值是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)已知條件先確定出點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡方程,然后將問題轉(zhuǎn)化為“以SKIPIF1<0為直徑的圓要包括圓SKIPIF1<0”,由此利用圓心SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離結(jié)合點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡所表示圓的半徑可求解出SKIPIF1<0的最小值.【詳解】由題可知:SKIPIF1<0,圓心SKIPIF1<0,半徑SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡方程SKIPIF1<0,圓心為點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,半徑為SKIPIF1<0,若直線SKIPIF1<0上存在兩點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則以SKIPIF1<0為直徑的圓要包括圓SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0長度的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.【點(diǎn)睛】關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)睛:解答本題的關(guān)鍵在于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0軌跡方程的求解以及轉(zhuǎn)化思想的運(yùn)用,根據(jù)弦中點(diǎn)以及線段長度可求點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0軌跡方程,其次“SKIPIF1<0恒成立”轉(zhuǎn)化為“以SKIPIF1<0為直徑的圓包括SKIPIF1<0的軌跡”,結(jié)合圓心到直線的距離加上半徑可分析SKIPIF1<0的最小值.20.(2023秋·內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善盟·高三阿拉善盟第一中學(xué)校考期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)的部分圖象如圖所示,下列說法中錯(cuò)誤的是(
)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對稱B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象【答案】D【分析】計(jì)算SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0得到SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的對稱性和單調(diào)性,平移法則依次判斷每個(gè)選項(xiàng)得到答案.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)周期T,有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.對于A選項(xiàng),令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,對稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),對稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;對于B選項(xiàng),根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對于C選項(xiàng),由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對于D選項(xiàng),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象上所有的點(diǎn)向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:D.21.(2023春·山東濟(jì)南·高三統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試)下圖是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象,則它的解析式可能是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】對于A,判斷SKIPIF1<0的奇偶性即可排除;對于B,由SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0處無意義排除即可;對于CD,先判斷SKIPIF1<0的奇偶性,再利用導(dǎo)數(shù)求得SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn),分析SKIPIF1<0的圖像特征,特別地,選項(xiàng)D還可以求特殊值SKIPIF1<0,從而結(jié)合圖像即可得解.【詳解】觀察題意,易知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),其定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,對于A,易得SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對稱,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是偶函數(shù),故A錯(cuò)誤;對于B,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0處無意義,故B錯(cuò)誤;對于D,易得SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對稱,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是奇函數(shù),令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有唯一零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,對于SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;對于SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0右側(cè)的第一個(gè)零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,第二個(gè)零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于SKIPIF1<0,而圖像中SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最小值大于SKIPIF1<0,矛盾,此外,由于SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且可以取得無窮大,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖像呈波浪形狀,且幅度向兩端逐漸增大,起伏非常大,故D錯(cuò)誤;對于C,易得SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對稱,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是奇函數(shù),令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有唯一零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,對于SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;對于SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0右側(cè)的第一個(gè)零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,第二個(gè)零點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0上滿足SKIPIF1<0,滿足圖像,此外SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖像呈波浪形狀,且幅度向兩端逐漸增大,但起伏不大,綜上,該選項(xiàng)的解析式基本滿足題意,又排除了ABD,故C正確.故選:C.22.(2021秋·北京海淀·高二??计谀?shù)學(xué)中有許多寓意美好的曲線,曲線SKIPIF1<0被稱為“四葉玫瑰線”(如圖所示).給出下列三個(gè)結(jié)論:①曲線SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱;②曲線SKIPIF1<0上任意一點(diǎn)到原點(diǎn)的距離都不超過1;③存在一個(gè)以原點(diǎn)為中心?邊長為SKIPIF1<0的正方形,使曲線SKIPIF1<0在此正方形區(qū)域內(nèi)(含邊界).其中,正確結(jié)論的序號是(
)A.①② B.②③ C.①③ D.①②③【答案】A【分析】對于①,用SKIPIF1<0替換方程中的SKIPIF1<0,方程形式不變,即可求解,對于②,設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是曲線上任意一點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到原點(diǎn)的距離為SKIPIF1<0,再結(jié)合基本不等式的公式,即可求解,對于③,由②可知,包含該曲線的以原點(diǎn)為圓心的最小的圓的半徑為1,所以最小圓應(yīng)該是包含該曲線的最小正方形的內(nèi)切圓,即可求得正方形的邊長最短為2,即可求解.【詳解】解:對于①,用SKIPIF1<0替換方程中的SKIPIF1<0,方程形式不變,所以曲線SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱,故①正確,對于②,設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是曲線上任意一點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到原點(diǎn)的距離為SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,故②正確,對于③,由②可知,包含該曲線的以原點(diǎn)為圓心的最小的圓的半徑為1,所以最小圓應(yīng)該是包含該曲線的最小正方形的內(nèi)切圓,即正方形的邊長最短為2,故③錯(cuò)誤.故選:A23.(2023春·河南濮陽·高三統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試)以拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn)F為端點(diǎn)的射線與C及C的準(zhǔn)線l分別交于A,B兩點(diǎn),過B且平行于x軸的直線交C于點(diǎn)P,過A且平行于x軸的直線交l于點(diǎn)Q,且SKIPIF1<0,則△PBF的周長為(
)A.16 B.12 C.10 D.6【答案】B【分析】因SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0坐標(biāo),直線AF方程,進(jìn)而可得B,P坐標(biāo),后由兩點(diǎn)間距離公式及拋物線定義可得答案.【詳解】因SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,如圖,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.得直線AF方程:SKIPIF1<0,代入SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0代入SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.則周長SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.故SKIPIF1<0.故選:B24.(2023春·河南洛陽·高三洛陽市第八中學(xué)??奸_學(xué)考試)已知雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的下、上焦點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的下支上,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0的一條漸近線的垂線,垂足為SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則SKIPIF1<0的離心率的取值范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作漸近線的垂線,垂足為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)雙曲線的定義得SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)化為SKIPIF1<0恒成立,再根據(jù)齊次式求解即可.【詳解】解:如圖,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作漸近線的垂線,垂足為SKIPIF1<0’設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到漸近線SKIPIF1<0的距離SKIPIF1<0.由雙曲線的定義可得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0恒成立,即SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.25.(2023春·四川達(dá)州·高二四川省宣漢中學(xué)??奸_學(xué)考試)定義:橢圓SKIPIF1<0中長度為整數(shù)的焦點(diǎn)弦(過焦點(diǎn)的弦)為“好弦”.則橢圓SKIPIF1<0中所有“好弦”的長度之和為(
)A.162 B.166 C.312 D.364【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)題意分類討論結(jié)合韋達(dá)定理求弦長的取值范圍,進(jìn)而判斷“好弦”的長度的取值可能,注意橢圓對稱性的應(yīng)用.【詳解】由已知可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即橢圓SKIPIF1<0的右焦點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,對于過右焦點(diǎn)的弦SKIPIF1<0,則有:當(dāng)弦SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸重合時(shí),則弦長SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)弦SKIPIF1<0不與SKIPIF1<0軸重合時(shí),設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立方程SKIPIF1<0,消去x得:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述:SKIPIF1<0,故弦長為整數(shù)有SKIPIF1<0,由橢圓的對稱性可得:“好弦”的長度和為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.26.(2023·全國·模擬預(yù)測)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】分類討論,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)單調(diào)性,求出最值解決恒成立問題.【詳解】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),滿足SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),若SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,不一定都滿足SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,由SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0時(shí),滿足SKIPIF1<0;③當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),若SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,易知SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以不滿足SKIPIF1<0恒成立;綜上,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0.故選:A27.(2023·河南·長葛市第一高級中學(xué)統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)若函數(shù)f(x)的定義域?yàn)镽,且f(2x+1)為偶函數(shù),f(x-1)的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)(3,3)成中心對稱,則下列說法正確的個(gè)數(shù)為(
)①SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)周期為2
②SKIPIF1<0③SKIPIF1<0④直線SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0圖象的一條對稱軸A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【答案】B【分析】由題意,根據(jù)函數(shù)的奇偶性,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)函數(shù)周期性的定義,可判①的正誤;根據(jù)周期性的應(yīng)用,可判②的正誤;根據(jù)函數(shù)的周期性,進(jìn)行分組求和,根據(jù)函數(shù)的對稱性,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可判③的正誤;根據(jù)函數(shù)的軸對稱性的性質(zhì),可判④的正誤.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0成軸對稱,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象是由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0成中心對稱,則SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,對于①,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的周期SKIPIF1<0,故①錯(cuò)誤;對于②,SKIPIF1<0,故②正確;對于③,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故③正確;對于④,SKIPIF1<0,而函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0不是偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0不恒成立,故④錯(cuò)誤.故選:B.28.(2023春·河南濮陽·高三統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試)分別過橢圓SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0作平行直線SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸上方分別與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0之間的距離為SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0表示面積,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)),則SKIPIF1<0的離心率為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0
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