職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi)b級(jí)模擬16

職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi)B級(jí)模擬16

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

1、Thegovernmentisdebatingtheeducationlaws.

A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining

2、Theyhadafarbetteryieldthananyotherfarmmilesawayaroundthisyear.

A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest

3、Thecityhasdecidedtodoawaywithalltheoldbuildingsinitscenter.

A.getridofB.setupC.repairD.paint

4、Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeendramaticchangesintheinternational

situation.

A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical

5、SincetheGreatDepression,theUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotected

farmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.

A.slightB.surprisingC.suddenD.harmful

6、Heinvestedaconsiderableamountofmoneyintheproject.

A.immenseB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic

7、Theinterviewtookplacearoundthekitchentableandwasverycausal.

A.formalB.informalC.regularD.irregular

8、Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarce

resources.

A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent

9、Theyarewordedabouttheircapacitytoinvestinthefuture.

A.capitalB.abilityC.expenseD.reality

10、Thesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.

A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge

11>Weshouldnevercontentourselveswithonlyalittleknowledge.

A.convinceB.satisfyC.comfortD.benefit

12、Weshouldcontemplatedtheproblemfromallsides.

A.deliberatedB.thoughtC.describedD.designed

13、Hishealthhaddeterioratedwhilehewasinprison.

A.becamebetterB.becameworseC.becamestrongerD.becameweaker

14、Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.

A.intendedtoB.tendedtoC.extendedtoD.pretended

to

15>Asamatteroffact,Ilovesoftmusicmorethanpopularmusic.

A.basicallyB.probablyC.actuallyD.

accurately

第2部分：閱讀判斷

AmericanSports

TheUnitedStatesisasports-lovingnation.SportsinAmericatakeavariety

offorms：organizedcompetitivestruggles,whichdrawhugecrowdstocheer

theirfavoriteteamtovictory；athleticgameszplayedforrecreationanywhere

sufficientspaceisfound；andhuntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonal,

sothatwhatishappeninginsportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesports

arecalledspectatorsports,asthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthe

numberplayinginthegame.

BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayedthroughoutthe

springandsummer,andprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellintothefall.

Althoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballzperhapstheonemostnearly

likeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.

Footballisthemostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedas

acollegesportmorethan75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmostevery

collegeanduniversityinthecountry,andthefootballstadiumsofsomeof

thelargestuniversitiesseatasmanyas80,000people.Thegameisnotthe

sameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer.InAmericanfootballthereare11players

oneachteam,andtheyaredressedinpaddeduniformsandhelmetsbecause

thegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelytooccur.

BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsandcolleges.Like

football,basketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularinothercountries.

ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayedindoorsthroughout

thewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisaverypopulargamewith

highschools,andinmorethan20states,state-widehighschoolmatchesare

heldyearly.

Otherspectatorsportsincludewrestling,boxing,andhorseracing.

Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselvessportsmen,theaccuracyofthe

termisquestionable,asonlythejockeyswhoridethehorse,sintheraces

canbeconsideredathletes.Theso-calledsportsmenarethespectatorszwho

do11notassemble”primarilytoseethehorsesrace,buttobetupontheoutcome

ofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionofhorseracing.

16>Huntingandfishingaremainlyfavoredbymen,youngandold,intheUS.

A?RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Professionalbaseballteamscancontinuetoplayforalongperiodof

timeinthefallaftertheregularbaseballseasonsofspringandsummer.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>BaseballsharesmanyfeatureswiththeEnglishgameofcricket.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Footballcanbeclassifiedasaspectatorsport.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、ManyAmericanslikebasketballbetterthanfootballbecausethelatter

issoharshthatplayershavetowearspecialuniforms.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、BasketballinAmericanissopopularwithuniversitiesthatnationwide

universitymatchesareheldyearly.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Horse-racingfanscannotbeconsideredsportsmenbecausetheyare

spectatorswhoseprimaryinterestisgambling.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing

Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknown,newresearch

suggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.

InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeople

whoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefalling

andstayingasleep,aswellasanumberofothersleepproblems,thanpeople

whosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaid

theyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight1s

sleepthan8-hoursleepers.

Thesefindings,whichDLDanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomatic

Medicine,demonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight*srestmay

notneedtosetasidemorethan8hoursanight.Headdedthatnitmightbe

agoodidea"forpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsider

reducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedzbutcautionedthatmoreresearch

isneededtoconfirmthis.

Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortages

ofsleep—forinstance,onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabitually

sleeplessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixed

periodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.

Forthecurrentreport,Kripkereviewedtheresponsesof1,004adultsto

sleepquestionnaireszinwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheyslept

duringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblems

includedwakinginthemiddleofthenight,arisingearlyinthemorningand

beingunabletofallbacktosleep,andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-day

functioning.

Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightwere

morelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept

8hours.Inaninterview,Kripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggleto

getrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidence,

headdedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.11Itstands

toreasonthatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbed,thenthey111spend

ahigherpercentageoftimeawake.nhesaid.

23、Paragraph2

A.Kripike1sresearchtool.

B.Dangersofhabitualshortagesofsleep.

C.CriticismonKripke1sreport.

D.Awayofovercominginsomnia.

E.Sleepproblemsoflongandshortsleepers.

F.Classificationofsleepproblems.

24、Paragraph4

25、Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

27、Togetagoodnight1srest,peoplemaynotneedto.

A.fallasleepagain

B.becomemoreenergeticthefollowingday

C.sleeplessthan7hours

D.confirmthoseseriousconsequences

E.suffersleepproblems

F.sleepmorethan8hours

28>Longsleepersarereportedtobemorelikelyto.

29、Oneofthesleepproblemsiswakinginthemiddleofthenight,unable

to.

30、Onesurveyshowedthatpeoplewhohabituallyeachnighthavea

higherriskofdying.

第4部分：閱讀理解

弟扁

PushbikePeril

Lowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure—orevenkill—childrenifthey

fallontotheendsofthehandlebarssoateamofengineersisredesigning

thehumblehandlebarinabidtomakeitsafer.

KristyArbogastzabioengineerattheChildren*sHospitalofPhiladelphia

inPennsylvaniazbegantheprojectwithhercolleaguesafterastudyofserious

abdominalinjuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthatmorethan

athirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents."Thetaskwastoidentifyhowthe

injuriesoccurredandcameupwithsomecountermeasures,Hshesays.

ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentszArbogastandherteamwere

abletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifiedacommonmechanism

responsibleforseriousinjures.Theydiscoveredthatmostoccurwhenchildren

hitanobstacleataslowspeed,causingthemtotoppleover.Tomaintain

theirbalancetheyturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees—buttheirmomentum

forcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethenfallsoverandthe

otherendofthehandlebarshitstheground,rammingitintotheirabdomen.

Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgripfittedwithaspring

anddampingsystem.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentoftheforcestransmitted

throughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopestocommercializethe

device,whichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofabike.HButour

taskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnow,bicyclemanufacturer

wereunawareoftheproblem,nsaysArbogast.

TheteamhasalsoapproachedtheUSConsumerProductSafetyCommission

totrytopersuademanufacturerstoadoptthenewdesign.Adecisionisexpected

laterthisyear.

handlebarn（常用復(fù)數(shù)）（自行車(chē)等的）車(chē)把

abdominaladj.腹部的redesignv.重新設(shè)計(jì)

bioengineern.生物工程師reconstructvt.重建；重構(gòu)

countermeasuren.對(duì)策abdomenn.膜，腹部

momentumn.沖力handgripn.握柄

dampingadj.制動(dòng)的，減速的，緩沖的commercializevt.使商品化

31>Accordingtothepassagezsomeengineersaretryingtoimprovethehandlebars

because_______.

A.theyarenotnobleenough

B.theymaykillchildren

C.theyarelikelytocrash

D.theymakethebikemoveatalowspeed

32、Inparagraph2,theauthormentionsastudyofseriousabdominalinjuries

A.todiscusshowabdominalinjuriesinchildrenoccur

B.toshowthatmorethanathirdinjurieswerecausedbybicycleaccidents

C.topointoutwhatthecountermeasurescanbe

D.totelluswhyKristyArbogastbegantheproject

33、Paragraph3mainlydiscusses.

A.whythechildrenandtheirparentswereinterviewed

B.whenthechildrentomthehandlebarsthrough90degrees

C.whatcausesthechildrentotoppleover

D.howseriousinjuriesoccur

34、Thepassageimpliesthat.

A.itisnoteasytopersuademanufacturerstoadoptthenewdesign

B.theteamofengineershasnotfoundanycountermeasures

C.childrenliketoridebicyclesataverylowspeed

D.alotofchildrenwerekilledinbicycleaccidentsinthepast30years

35、Thenewhandgripworksinwhichofthefollowingways?

A.Itcallbecommercialized.

B.Itreducesthedangerousforcesinbicycleaccidents.

C.Itaddsafewdollarstothecostofabike.

D.Itchangesthedirectionofthehandlebarsinallimpact.

弟一^扁

CommonProblems,CommonSolutions

Thechancesarethatyoumadeupyourmindaboutsmokingalongtimeago

—anddecidedit1snotforyou.

Thechancesareequallygoodthatyouknowalotofsmokers—thereare,

afterallabout60millionofthem,workwiththem,andgetalongwiththem

verywell.

Andfinallyit1saprettysafebetthatyou1reopen-mindedandinterested

inallthevariousissuesaboutsmokersandnonsmokers—oryouwouldn1tbe

readingthis.

Andthosethreethingsmakeyouincrediblyimportanttoday.

Becausetheymeanthatyoursisthevoice—notthesmoker1sandnotthe

anti-smoker1s—thatwilldeterminehowmuchofsociety1seffortsshouldgo

intobuildingwallsthatseparateusandhowmuchintothesearchforsolutions

thatbringustogether.

Foronetragicresultoftheemphasisonbuildingwallsisthediversion

ofmillionsofdollarsfromscientificresearchonthecausesandcuresof

diseaseswhich,whenallissaidanddone,stillstrikethenonsmokeraswell

asthesmoker.Oneprominenthealthorganization,tocitebutasingleinstance,

nowspends28centsofeverypubliclycontributeddollaron"education11（much

ofitinand-smokingpropaganda）andonly2centsonresearch.

Therewillalwaysbesomewhowanttobuildwalls,whowanttoseparate

peoplefrompeoplezanduptoapointzeventhesemayservesociety.The

anti-smokingwall-buildershaveztogivethemtheirdue,helpedtomakeus

allmorekeenlyawareofchoice.

Butourguesszandcertainlyourhope,isthatyouareamongthefargreatest

numberwhoknowthatwallsareonlytemporaryatbest,andthatoverthelong

run,wecanservesociety1sinterestbetterbyworkingtogetherinmutual

accommodation.

Whatevervirtuewailsmayhave,theycannevermoveoursocietytoward

fundamentalsolutions.Peoplewhoworktogetheroncommonproblems,common

solutions,can.

36、Whatdoestheword"wall'*usedinthepassagemean?

A.Anti-smokingpropaganda.

B.Diseasesstrikingnonsmokersaswellassmokers.

C.Rulesandregulationsthatprohibitsmoking.

D.Separationofsmokersfromnonsmokers.

37、Inparagraph4,"you"refersto.

A.smokers

B.nonsmokers

C.anti-smokers

D.smokerswhohavequittedsmoking

38、Itisevidentthattheauthorisnotinfavorof.

A.buildingawallbetweensmokersandnonsmokers

B.doingscientificresearchattheexpenseofone*shealth

C.bringingsmokersandnonsmokerstogether

D.provingaccommodationforsmokers

39、Asissuggested,thecommonsolutiontothecommonproblemis.

A.toseparatepeoplefrompeople

B.toworktogetherinmutualaccommodation

C.tomakeusmorekeenlyawareofchoice

D.toservesociety*sinterestsbetter

40、Accordingtothepassage,thewriterlooksupontheanti-smoking

wall-builders*actions_______.

A.optimistically

B?pessimistically

C.unconcernedly

D.skeptically

TechnologyTransferinGermany

Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccesszfew

nationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940s,thenation1svastindustrialbase

hasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.

AndthoughGermanprosperity（繁榮）hasfaltered（衰退）overthepastdecade

becauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomic

declinezitstillhasanenviable（令人羨慕）recordforminingideasintoprofit.

MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety,anetwork

ofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsand

createsought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshave

competition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer,

andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeing

complementedbythefederalprogramsforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.

Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess,butitis

notwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearch

willmeanneglectingbasicscience,eventuallystarvingindustryofflesh

ideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur(企業(yè)家),the

argumentgoes,thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeing

curiosity-driven：freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthat

manyoftheprogramstopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecause

halfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithin

afewyears.

WhilethisdebatecontinuesznewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany*s

researchnetworkszwhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzzMaxPlanckand

Leibniz.Yetitisthefourthnetwork,theFraunhoferSociety,thatplays

thegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.

Foundedin1949,theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope1slargestorganization

forappliedtechnology,andhas59institutesemploying12,000people.It

continuestogrow.LastyearitswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstitute

forCommunicationTechnologyinBedimToday,thereareevenFraunhofersin

theUSandAsia.

41>WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity?

A.Technologytransfer.

B.Goodmanagement.

C.Hardwork.

D.Fiercecompetition.

42、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch?

A.Itisfree.

B.Itisprofit—driven.

C.Itiswidelyavailable.

D.Itiscuriosity—driven.

43、TheFrannhoferSocietyisthelargestorganizationforappliedtechnology

in.

A.Asia

B.USA

C,Europe

D.Africa

44、WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded?

A.In1940.

B.Lastyear.

C.Aftertheunification.

D.In1949.

45、Theword"expertise"inline3couldbebestreplacedby

A."expertsH

B.Hscientists11

C.Hscholars"

D."specialknowledge"

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

WhyDoPeopleShrink?

DidyoueverseethemovieHoney,1shrunkthekids?It1saboutawacky

dad(who1salsoascientist)whoaccidentallyshrinkshiskidswithhishomemade

miniaturizinginvention.Oops!46

Forolderpeople,shrinkingisn11thatdramaticorsuddenatall.Ittakes

placeoveryearsandmayadduptoonlyoneinchorsooffoftheiradult

height(maybealittlemore,maybeless),andthiskindofshrinkingcan11

bemagicallyreversed,althoughtherearethingsthatcanbedonetostop

itorslowitdown.47

Thereareafewreasons.Aspeoplegetolder,theygenerallylosesome

muscleandfatfromtheirbodiesaspartofthenaturalagingprocess.Gravity

(theforcethatkeepsyourfeetontheground)takehold,andthebonesin

thespine,calledvertebrae,maybreakdownordegeneratezandstarttocollapse

intooneanother.48.Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeople

shrinkisbecauseofosteoporosis.

Osteoporosisoccurswhentoomuchspongybonetissue(whichisfoundinside

ofmostbones)isbrokendownandnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.49.

Bonesbecomesmallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithoste6porosis

isinjured.Olderpeople—especiallywomenzwhogenerallyhavesmallerand

lighterbonestobeginwith—aremorelikelytodeveloposteoporosis.As

yearsgoby,apersonwithosteoporosisshrinksalittlebit.

Didyouknowthateverydayyoudoashrinkingact?Youaren*tastall

attheendofthedayasyouareatthebeginning.That1sbecauseastheday

goesonzwaterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressed(squeezed)duet