Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)(知識(shí)梳理)

第頁(yè)Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)重點(diǎn)單詞attack,sharp,claim,calm,exist,adapt,cover,indicate,fortune重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)dieout,closeto,comestraighttothepoint,dueto重點(diǎn)句型Therebe句型及其變式結(jié)構(gòu)should與疑問(wèn)詞連用知識(shí)講解重點(diǎn)單詞attack【原句回放】Itoftengetsangryandwillattackanyonewhogoesclosetoit.它常變得很生氣并攻擊靠近它的人。【點(diǎn)撥】attackvt.攻擊；進(jìn)攻；侵襲；n.攻擊；進(jìn)攻；(疾病等)發(fā)作；著手attacksb.forsth.由于某事而責(zé)難某人attacksb.withsth.用……攻擊某人attackon/against...向……攻擊beattackedwithadisease患病launch/makeanattackon/upon...對(duì)……發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻underattack受到攻擊aheartattack心臟病發(fā)作Weattackedtheenemyatdawn.在黎明時(shí)我們進(jìn)攻敵人。Thesoldiersmadeastrongattackontheenemy.戰(zhàn)士們向敵人發(fā)起猛烈進(jìn)攻。Thecitycameunderattackduringthenight.城市在夜晚遭到攻擊。AsfarasIknow,hediedbecauseofaheartattack.據(jù)我所知，他死于心臟病發(fā)作?！就卣埂縜ttackern.攻擊者sharp【原句回放】thesharpnailsthatsomeanimalsandbirdshaveontheirfeet一些動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)的腳上有尖銳的趾甲【點(diǎn)撥】sharpadj.鋒利的；尖的；陡的，急轉(zhuǎn)的；輪廓鮮明的；明顯的；（感覺(jué)、味道）強(qiáng)烈的，辛辣的；刺耳的，刺骨的;adv.猛烈地；尖銳地；尖利地；準(zhǔn)時(shí)地Idisliketheman;hehassuchasharptongue.我不喜歡這個(gè)人，他愛(ài)說(shuō)刻薄挖苦的話。Theystartedanattackagainsteachotherwithsharpwords.他們開(kāi)始用激烈的言語(yǔ)相互抨擊。Hebutcheredthepigwithasmallsharpknife.他用一把鋒利的小刀殺豬。Thesnow-cappedmountainsstoodoutinsharpreliefagainstthebluesky.白雪皚皚的山巒與藍(lán)天形成了鮮明對(duì)比。Sheplannedtounlockthestoreat8.00sharpthismorning.她打算今天早上8點(diǎn)整準(zhǔn)時(shí)開(kāi)門(mén)營(yíng)業(yè)。claim【原句回放】Althoughnoonereallygotaclearlookatthemysteriouscreature,XueJunlin,alocalphotographer,claimedthatitsheadlookedlikeahorse.【點(diǎn)撥】claimv.聲稱；主張；要求；索賠；n.斷言；權(quán)利；要求權(quán)；所有權(quán)claimtodosth./that...聲稱/主張做……Itisclaimedthat...有人主張……claimsth.fromsb.forsth.因?yàn)椤蚰橙怂饕r償金layclaimto宣稱……應(yīng)歸其所有；認(rèn)領(lǐng)……makeaclaimforsth.要求Itisclaimedthatsometeachersinourschoolareworking90hoursaweek.據(jù)說(shuō)我們學(xué)校有些老師每周工作90小時(shí)。HeclaimedtohaveseentheMonaLisa.＝HeclaimedthathehadseentheMonaLisa.他宣稱他看過(guò)《蒙娜麗莎》那幅畫(huà)。Heclaimedthathehaddonetheworkwithouthelp.他聲稱未得到幫助就完成了此項(xiàng)工作。Theymadeaclaimforhigherpay.他們要求提高薪水。calm【原句回放】MrLiXiaohesaidthathisfamilywereabletoseethemonsterclearlybecausetheweatherwasfineandthelakewascalm.李小和先生說(shuō)他和家人看清楚了怪物，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)天氣好，湖水平靜?！军c(diǎn)撥】calmvt.(使)平靜，鎮(zhèn)定；adj.平靜的，沉著的calmoneself平靜下來(lái)calmdown(使)安靜下來(lái)keepcalm保持冷靜Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimself.他深吸一口氣使自己平靜下來(lái)。Wetriedtocalmhimdown,buthekeptshoutingandcrying.我們?cè)噲D使他安靜下來(lái)，但是他仍然不停地叫喊著。Calmdown.Thereisnothingtoworryabout!安靜下來(lái)吧，沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)憂的。You’dbetterkeepcalminfaceofdanger.面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)你最好保持冷靜。【拓展】辨析：calm，quiet，still與silentcalm：平靜的，沉著的，指無(wú)風(fēng)浪或人的心情不激動(dòng)。Thatwasacalmday.那是個(gè)無(wú)風(fēng)的(平靜的)日子。quiet：安靜的，寧?kù)o的；指沒(méi)有聲音，不吵鬧或心里沒(méi)有煩惱焦慮。Askthechildrentokeepquiet.讓孩子們安靜。still：不動(dòng)的，靜止的，指沒(méi)有運(yùn)動(dòng)或動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)。TheofficeraskedtheSwedetokeepstill.軍官叫那個(gè)瑞典人別動(dòng)。silent：寂靜的，沉默的，不發(fā)音的，指沒(méi)有聲音或不講話。Shekeptsilentaboutthematter.她對(duì)此事保持沉默。exist【原句回放】somethingthatcontinuestoexistafterdeath在死后仍存在的某物【點(diǎn)撥】existvi.存在；實(shí)有；生存existin在于……existon＝liveon靠……生存Onecannotexistwithoutair.人沒(méi)有空氣就不能生存。IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting;thereisnomoneyforluxuries.我靠我掙的工資簡(jiǎn)直難以糊口，根本無(wú)錢(qián)享受?！就卣埂縠xistencen.存在；實(shí)有；生活；生活方式comeintoexistence出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生bringsth.intoexistence使某物出現(xiàn)、產(chǎn)生inexistence存在Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence.關(guān)于宇宙最初是如何產(chǎn)生的，科學(xué)家們有許多種理論。adapt【原句回放】Ifyouadapttosomething,youcanchangeinordertomakethesituationbetter.如果你能適應(yīng)某事，你就能為了環(huán)境的更加美好而改變自己。【拓展】adaptv.(使)適應(yīng)；改編adaptoneselfto使自己適應(yīng)……adaptto適應(yīng)adapt...for...根據(jù)……改寫(xiě)，改編beadaptedfor...為……改編/寫(xiě)；被改編成beadaptedfrom...根據(jù)……改編Childrenadaptquicklytonewsurroundings.兒童能很快適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。Itishardtoadaptthisstoryforthefilm.要將這小說(shuō)改編成電影很困難。Thefilmisadaptedfromanovel.這部電影由一部小說(shuō)改編而成。cover【原句回放】Itis2,189metreshighandcoversanareaofabouttensquarekilometers.天池海拔2,189米，面積大約有10平方公里?！军c(diǎn)撥】covervt.有(多大面積)，占地……；采訪；覆蓋；走完(一段路程)；看完(若干頁(yè)書(shū))Ourcollegecoversanareaof1,000mu.我們的大學(xué)占地1,000畝。Manyjournalistsweresenttocoverthemedicalconference.許多記者被派去采訪醫(yī)學(xué)大會(huì)。Themountainwascoveredwithsnowalltheyearround.山上終年積雪。TheRedArmycovered25,000liontheLongMarch.紅軍長(zhǎng)征時(shí)走了二萬(wàn)五千里。Howmanypageshaveyoucovered？你讀了多少頁(yè)？indicate【原句回放】However,acrosstheborderinWales,thereddragonwhichappearsontheWelshflagisapositivesymbol,indicatingstrengthandasenseofnationalidentity.然而，一界之隔的威爾士國(guó)旗上的紅龍是一個(gè)正面形象，表示力量和國(guó)家認(rèn)同感?！军c(diǎn)撥】indicatev.暗示；指示；表示；表明indicatesth.象征……；表明……；標(biāo)志……indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出……；向某人表示……indicate＋從句示意；表明indicatorn.指示物；指示者；指示器Theblackcloudsindicatethatitwillrain.烏云預(yù)示很快要下雨了。Heindicatedthathewantedtochangehisjob.他表示他想換工作。Duringourmeetingheindicatedhiswillingnesstocooperate.在我們會(huì)晤期間，他暗示出了合作的意愿。Thearrowonasignindicatesthewaytogo.標(biāo)志上的箭頭指示的是應(yīng)走的路?！就卣埂縤ndicationn.表明；象征；暗示Thereisnoindicationthathewillrecoverfromtheillness.他的病沒(méi)有康復(fù)的跡象。fortune【原句回放】SotheChinesedragonwasabringerofgoodfortune.因此，中國(guó)龍是好運(yùn)的使者?！军c(diǎn)撥】fortunen.運(yùn)氣；命運(yùn)；(averylargeamountofmoney) 大筆的錢(qián)，巨款注意：當(dāng)表示“財(cái)富”時(shí)，fortune是可數(shù)名詞，常用其單數(shù)形式，如：alargefortune一大筆錢(qián)；而wealth是不可數(shù)名詞，possessions表示“所有物”要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。tellone’sfortune給某人算命tryone’sfortune碰運(yùn)氣makeafortune發(fā)財(cái)HewenttoAustraliaandsoonmadeafortune.他到澳大利亞后，不久就發(fā)財(cái)了【拓展】fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地Fortunately,hefoundthemoneythathehadlost.幸運(yùn)的是，他找到了他丟失的錢(qián)。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)dieout【原句回放】【點(diǎn)撥】dieout(指宗族、物種)滅絕；滅亡；(習(xí)俗等)漸漸消失；(火)逐漸熄滅Thiskindofbirdisdyingout.這種鳥(niǎo)正瀕臨滅絕。Ifwegoonkillingtoomanyoftheserareanimals，theywilldieout.如果我們繼續(xù)捕殺這些稀有動(dòng)物，他們就可能滅絕。Manyoldcustomsaregraduallydyingout.許多舊習(xí)俗正在日漸消失。Thefireisdyingout.You’dbetteraddsomefirewood.火快滅了，你最好添點(diǎn)柴火?！就卣埂勘嫖鰀iedown，dieout與dieawaydiedown指(風(fēng)、雨等)逐漸平息；(車輛等)慢慢停下來(lái)；(植物等)漸漸凋零；(火等)熄滅。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)由強(qiáng)變?nèi)踹@一逐漸變化的過(guò)程。Thewindhasdieddownobviously.風(fēng)已明顯減弱了。Theflamesdiedown.火焰熄滅了。dieaway指(風(fēng)、聲音等)漸漸消失。Hisfootstepsdiedawayinthedarkness.他的腳步聲在黑暗中漸漸消失了。Thenoiseofthemotorcardiedaway.汽車的噪聲消失了。dieout意為“死光；滅絕；不流行；消失”。Thiskindofbirdhasdiedoutinthisarea.這種鳥(niǎo)已經(jīng)在這一地區(qū)滅絕了。closeto【原句回放】Itoftengetsangryandwillattackanyonewhogoesclosetoit.它經(jīng)常生氣并襲擊靠近它的任何人。【點(diǎn)撥】closeto幾乎；接近；接近于，to是介詞，后面加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。be/getcloseto接近；靠近beclosetodeath/tears/despair差一點(diǎn)死去/差一點(diǎn)哭出來(lái)/幾乎絕望beclosetodoingsth.幾乎/差一點(diǎn)做某事Severaltimeshetriedtogetclosetotheboyinthewater,buthefailedbecauseofwaves.好幾次他努力去靠近水里的男孩，可因?yàn)轱L(fēng)浪太大都失敗了。Hewasclosetobeingkilledintheaccident.他差點(diǎn)死于這場(chǎng)事故。comestraighttothepoint【原句回放】I’llcomestraighttothepoint.我開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地講?！军c(diǎn)撥】comestraighttothepoint談?wù)}；開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山Let’scomestraighttothepointaswehavemuchtodo.由于有很多事要做，我們就開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山的說(shuō)吧。Iwishhecouldcomestraighttothepoint.多希望他能切入正題！【拓展】offthepoint離題onthepointof(doing)sth.正要做某事tothepoint簡(jiǎn)明恰當(dāng)，簡(jiǎn)潔中肯There’snopointindoingsth.做某事沒(méi)有意義。whenitcomestothepoint到了關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻Theletterwasshortandtothepoint.這封信簡(jiǎn)短而切中主題。Yourcriticismisoffthepoint.你的批評(píng)離題。Iwasonthepointofleavingwhenyoutelephoned.你來(lái)電話時(shí)我正要離開(kāi)。Thereisnopointinpersuadinghim.Hewillnotchangehismind.勸說(shuō)他沒(méi)意義，他不會(huì)改變主意。dueto【原句回放】Someexpertsbelieveitisduetotheanimalsthemythsgrewoutof.有些專家相信這是由神話中的動(dòng)物本身性質(zhì)引起的。【點(diǎn)撥】dueto因?yàn)?，由于beduetodosth.預(yù)定要做某事Hearrivedlateduetothestorm.由于暴風(fēng)雨他來(lái)晚了。Thepolicemansaidtheaccidentlastnightwasduetocarelessdriving.警察說(shuō)昨晚的事故是由于粗心駕駛造成的。HisbookisduetobepublishedinOctober.他的書(shū)預(yù)計(jì)在10月出版?！就卣埂勘硎驹虻南嚓P(guān)短語(yǔ)還有：becauseof由于，因?yàn)閛wingto由于，因?yàn)閍saresultof由于……的結(jié)果thanksto由于；幸虧；多虧onaccountof由于；為了……的緣故重點(diǎn)句型Therebe句型及其變式結(jié)構(gòu)【原句回放】TherehavebeenreportsofmonstersinLakeTianchisincethebeginningofthelastcentury，althoughnoonehasseenonecloseup.盡管沒(méi)人在近前看過(guò)，但是自從上個(gè)世紀(jì)初就有關(guān)于天池怪物的報(bào)道了?！军c(diǎn)撥】therebe句型結(jié)構(gòu)是五種基本句型之一，表示“在某處存在某人或物”，注意不要和have混用、Therebe句型的其他變式結(jié)構(gòu)：There