職稱英語-職稱英語衛(wèi)生類b級(jí)模擬36

職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級(jí)模擬36

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處畫線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接

近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Thegovernmenthaslaunchedamassivecampaignagainstcrimesinthebig

cities.

A.proposedB.decidedC.begunD.studied

2、Itisveryconsiderateofyoutoremembermybirthday.

A.thoughtfulB.considerableC.carefulD.concerned

3、IwasamazedatthebeautyofthemountainwhenIreachedthetop.

A.excitedB.astonishedC.happyD.shocked

4、ThewidespreaduseofX-raysposestheriskofoverexposuretoradiation.

A.medicalB.spaciousC.experimentalD.general

5、Mylifeismoreprecioustomethanmyproperty.

A.valuableB.profitableC.dearD.noble

6、Hemadeagreatshowofreluctance,butfinallyacceptedmyoffer.

A.emotionB.unwillingnessC.angerD.postpone

7、Hissuccessinworkhastemptedmanytotrythisnewmethod.

A.attractedB.calledC.inspiredD.implied

8、Shecouldfixthemachinewithoutreferringtotheinstructions.

A.understandingB.observing

C.consultingD.obtaining

9、Ididn11havemuchconfidenceinmytalentasanactor.

A.wisdomB.giftC.performanceD.show

10、HerdeathwasagreatgrieftohimandIdoubtifheeverrecoveredafterwards.

A.gotbyB.gotthroughC.gotonD.gotoff

11、Revolutionarydeve1opmentsinChina1sastronomytookplaceinthe19601s.

A.commencedB.occurredC.weredisputedD.wereexchanged

12、Thepolarlights,oneofthemostunusualphenomenainnature,isbeautiful

tobehold,

A.viewB.relateC.sketchD.withhold

13>Asupernova（超新星）isastarthatexplodesandthenslowlyfadestoless

thanitsoriginalbrightness.

A.sizeB.weightC.radianceD.importance

14、OversixmillioncitizensoftheUnitedStatesbenefitfromprivatepension

planseachyear.

A.unauthorizedB.confidential

C.nontransferableD.non-governmenta1

15、Sincethe1950,s,literarycriticshaveattemptedtoanswerthequestion：

Whendidchildren1sliteraturefirstemergeasadistinctliterarygenre?

A.improveB.appearC.conformD.respond

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；如相該句提的是

正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有

提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

TVGamesShows

Oneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeofthe

audience.Anovelcanbeonthe"bestsellers"listwithasaleoffewerthan

100,000copies,butapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TV

canmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight.

Thisistheprinciplebehind"quiz"or"gameHshows,whichputordinary

peopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmake

anyoneastar,anditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.But

allofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstance,inthe1950s,quizshows

wereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVan

Doren,anEnglishinstructor,becamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyon

severalshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.Butoneof

thelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthat

1

theshowsproducerszwhowerepullingthestringszgavetheanswerstothe

mostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.Why?Becauseiftheaudiencedidn11like

thepersonwhowonthegame,theyturnedtheshowoff.Basedonhisstory,

amovieunderthetitleHQuizShow"ison40yearslater.

CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestill

1

here,thoughtheyaren1takenasseriously.Infactzsomeofthemtryto

beasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacation

tripstogether,orthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTV,

orthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.Theentertainmentnowistosee

whatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoney,butthereal

prizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions.

16>TVcanmakeabeggarworld-famousovernight.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Theprinciplebehindnquiz"orngamenshowsistoputordinarypeople

onTVtoplayagameforprizesandmoney.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18^PrizesandmoneyareusuallyprovidedbyTVstarsandlargecompanies

forwinners.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、OneoftheTVpersonalitieszCharlesVanDorenwasprovedtobecheating

bypersuadingtheShow*sproducerstogivehimtheanswersbeforehand.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、ThehugescandalofcheatinginTVgamesshowswasnotexposeduntil40

yearslaterinthemovie"QuizShow".

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Nowadaysgameshowsarenottreatedasseriouslyastheyusedtobe.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Winnersofpresent-dayTVshowsnolongergetmoneyfromtheshows.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有兩項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2、3、4、5

段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；⑵第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最

佳選項(xiàng)。

BlastsfromthePast

1Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory.Notbecausethey

werebigger,butbecausethecarbontheyreleasedwipedoutlifewithgreater

ease.

2PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelink

betweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptions

killedofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthe

past300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.To

hissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamage

theyseemedtodo.

3Wignallcalculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesby

comparingtheproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathat

theyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,olderruptionswereatleast10

timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.

4ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyears

ago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockin.Siberiathatcoveranarearoughly

thesizeofwesternEuropezThosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedout

about10rigatonisofcarbonascarbondioxide,Theglobalwaningthatfollowed

wipedout8percentofallmarinegeneraatthetimezandittook5million

yearsfartireplanettorecover.

5Yet60millionyearsagointhelatePaleocenetherewasanotherhuge

amountofvolcanicactivityandglobal-warmingbutnomassextinction.Some

animalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsof

years,HThemostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,HWignallsays.

Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaursattheendofthe

Cretaceous,65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwas

primarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.

6Wignallthinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemore

recentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsof

C02Oceanchemistrymayalsohaveplayedarole.Asthesupercontinentsbroke

upandexposedmorecoastlinetheremayhavebeenmoreweatheringofsilica

rocks.Thiswouldhaveencouragedthegrowthofphytoplanktonintheoceansz

increasingtheamountofC02absorbedfromtheatmosphere.

7VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,

saysthatWignall1sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhard

todothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerof

volcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheyfasted.Anditisimpossibleto

tellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.

8Courtillotalsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlava

prehistoricVolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarily

correspondtocarbondioxideorsculpturedioxideemissions.

A.KillingPowerofAncientVolcanicEruptions

B.AssociationofMassExtinctionwithVolcanicEruption

C.CalculationoftheKillingPowerofOlderEruptions

D.AMassExtinction

E.VolcanicEruptionsThatCausedNoMassExtinction

F.AccountingfortheKillingPowerofOlderEruptions

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.thanmorerecentones

B.thekillingefficiencyforoldereruptions

C.hasremainedcontroversial

D.Wignall*scalculationsasacceptable

E.hasbeenmowntousall

F.hisideas

27、Oldereruptionsweremoredevastating.

28、ThePermianextinctionisusedtoillustrate.

29、Thecauseoftheextinctionofdinosaurs.

30、Courtillotrejects.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇

HumanHeartCanMakeNewCells

Solvingalongstandingmystery,scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheart

continuestogeneratenewcardiaccellsthroughoutthelifespan,although

therateofnewcellproductionslowswithage.

Thefinding,publishedintheApril3issueofScience,couldopenanew

pathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheartfailureandheartattack,

expertssay.

"Wefindthatthebeatingcellsintheheart,cardiomyocytes,arerenewed,n

saidleadresearcherDr.JonasFrisen,aprofessorofstemcellresearchat

theKarolinskaInstituteinStockholm,Sweden."Ithaspreviouslynotbeen

knownwhetherwewerelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebornwithorif

theycouldberenewed,nhesaid.

Theprocessofrenewingthesecellschangesovertime,Frisenadded.In

a20-year-old,about1percentofcardiomyocytesareexchangedeachyear,

buttheturnoverratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45percentbyage75.

"Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationofnewcardiomyocytesisregulated,

itmaybepotentiallypossibletodeveloppharmaceuticalsthatpromotethis

processtostimulateregenerationafterforexamplezaheartattack,"Frisen

said.

Thatcouldleadtotreatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts.

"Alotofpeoplesufferfromchronicheartfailure,Hnotedco-authorDr.

RatanBhardwaj.

RatanBhardwaj,alsofromtheKarolinskaInstitute."Chronicheartfailure

arisesfromheartcellsdying,nhesaid.

Withthisfinding,scientistsare'*openingthedoortopotentialtherapies

tohavingourselveshealourselves,nBhardwajsaid."Maybeonecoulddevise

apharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmakeheartcellsmakenewandmorecells

toovercometheproblemtheyarefacing.n

Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwaj,scientistsdonotyetknow

howtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplacecellsfaster

thantheyaredyingoff,especiallyinolderpatientswithheartfailure.

Inaddition,thenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimatedusing

healthyhearts-whethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedheartsisthe

sameremainsunknown.

31、Thehumanheartstopsproducingcardiaccells.

A.whenapersonbecomesold

B.assoonasapersongetssick

C.immediatelyafterapersonisborn

D.onceapersondies

32、Thefindingcouldprovetobeusefulto.

A.theanalysisofcardiaccells

B.thepreventionofchronicdiseases

C.thetreatmentofheartdisease

D.thestudyof1ongstandingmysteries

33、Inpeopleintheirmid-70s,only0.45percentofcardiomyocytes.

A.arestillfunctional

B.arereducedeachyear

C.arereplacedeachyear

D.aredamagedeachyear

34、Chronicheartfailureisattributedto.

A.thedyingheartcells

B.theeffectofpharmceutical

C.theweightofapatient

D.thelifespanofaperson

35、Itisnotknownyetiftherateofcellturnoverindiseasedhearts.

A.shighenoughtoreplacecellsfasterthanthey*redyingoff

B.isofanyusetoresearchers

C.isthesameasthatinhealthyhearts

D.changesovertime

弟一^扁

TheOnlyWayIsUp

Thinkofamodemcityandthefirstimagethatcometomindistheskyline.

Itisfullofgreatbuildingszpointinglikefingerstoheaven.Itistrue

thatsomecitiesdon11permitbuildingstogoaboveacertainheight.But

thesearecitiesconcernedwiththepast.Thefirstthinganycitydoeswhen

itwantstotelltheworldthatithasarrivedistobuildskyscrapers.

Whenpeoplegathertogetherincitiesztheycreateademandforlandsince

citiesareplaceswheremoneyismade,thatdemandcanbemet.Andthebest

waytomakemoneyoutofcitylandistoputasmanypeopleaspossiblein

aspacethatcoversthesmallestamountofgroundthatmeansbuildingupwards.

Thetechnologyexistedtodothisasearlyasthe19thcentury.Butthe

heightofbuildingswaslimitedbyoneimportantfactor.Theyhadtobesmall

enoughforpeopleonthetopfloorstoclimbstairs.Peoplecouldnotbeexpected

toclimbamountainattheendoftheirjourneytowork,orhome.

ElishaOtiszaUSinventor,wasthemanwhobroughtustheliftorelevator,

ashepreferredtocallit.However,mostofthetechnologyisveryoldlifts

workusingthesamepulleysystemtheEgyptiansusedtocreatethePyramids.

WhatOtisdidwasattachthesystemtoasteamengineanddeveloptheelevator

brakezwhichstopstheliftfallingifthecordsthatholdituparebroken.

Itwasthisthatdidthemosttogainpublicconfidenceinthenewinvention.

Infactzhespentanumberofyearsexhibitingliftsatfairgrounds,giving

peoplethechancetotrythemoutbeforesellingtheideatoarchitectsand

builders.

Aliftwouldnotbeaverygoodthemeparkattractionnow.Goinginalift

issuchaneverydaythingthatitwouldjustbeboring.Yetpsychologists

andotherswhostudyhumanbehaviorfindliftsfascinating.Thereasonis

simple.Scientistshavealwaysstudiedanimalsinzoos.Thenearesttheycan

gettothatwithhumansisinobservingtheminlifts.

"Itbreaksalltheusualconventionsaboutthebubbleofpersonalspace

wecarryaroundwithusandyoujustcan11choosetomoveaway,nsaysworkplace

psychologist,GaryFitzgibbon.Beingtrappedinthissettingcancreate

differenttypesoftensions,hesays.Somepeoplearescaredofthem.Others

usethemasanopportunitytogetclosetotheboss.Somestandclosetothe

door.Othershideinthecomers.Mostpeopletryandshrinkintothebackground

butsomebehaveinawaythatmakesothersnoticethem.Thereareafewpeople

whojuststandinacomertakingnotes.

Don11worryaboutthem.Theyareprobablyfromauniversity.

36、”...thesearecitiesconcernedwiththepastninthefirstparagraphrefer

tocitiesthat_______.

A.areworriedabouttheirpast

B.haveagloriouspasttobeproudof

C.wanttomaintaintheirtraditionalimage

D.areveryinterestedintheirownhistory

37>Thedifficultyinconstructingtallbuildingsinthe19thcenturylies

in_______.

A.theshortageofmoney

B.thelackofadevicetocarrypeopleupward

C.backwardtechnology

D.mountainstakinguplandspace

38、WhenOtiscameupwiththeideaofalift,.

A.hesoldittothearchitectsandbuildersimmediately

B.theEgyptiansusedittobuildthePyramids

C.itwasacceptedfavorablybythepublic

D.mostpeoplehaddoubtaboutitssafety

39、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheexperienceofgoinginalift

now?

A.Fascinating.

B.Uninteresting.

C.Frightening.

D.Exciting.

40、Psychologistsfindtheliftagoodplacewheretheycanstudyhumanbehavior

because_______.

A.herehumansbehavethewayanimalsdo

B.peopleinaliftareallscared

C.heresomepeopletakenotes

D.inaliftthebubbleofpersonalspacebreaks

卯—^植

ATaleofScottishRuralLife

LewisGrassicGibbon*sSunsetSony,41wasvoted"thebestScottishnovel

ofalltime11byScottish1sreadingpublicin2005.Onceconsideredshocking

foritsfrankdescriptionofaspectsofthelivesofScotland1spoorrural

farmers,ithasbeenadaptedforstage,film,TVandradioinrecentdecades.

ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinraddie,inthefanningcountry

oftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsuptoandbeyondWorldWarI.Atits

heartisthestoryofChriszwhoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittle

outsideit.

GrassicGibbongivesusthemostdetailedandintimateaccountofthelife

ofhisheroine.Wewatchhergrowthroughachildhooddominatedbyhercruel

buthard-workingfather；experiencetragedy(hermother1ssuicideandmurder

ofhertwinchildren)；andlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintowoman.

Weseehermarry,loseherhusband,thenmarryagain.Chrishasseemedso

convincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthattheycannotbelievethatshe

isthecreationofaman.

ButitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookisjustaboutChris.

Itistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.Itsopeningsectiontellsof

Kinraddie1slonghistory,inalanguagethatimitatestheplace*schanging

patternsofspeechandwriting.

Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersandincidents.Itistold

fromChris1pointofviewbutalsofromthatofthegossipingcommunity,a

communitywhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelse'sbusinessandnothingisever

forgotten.

SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.ItisconcernedwithwhatGrassicGibbon

perceivesasthedestructionoftraditionalScottishrurallifefirstby

modernizationandthenbyWorldWarI.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertain

charactersresistthewar.Despitethis,thewartakestheyoungmenaway,

anumberofthemtotheirdeaths.Inparticular,ittakesawayChris1husband,

EwanTavendale.ThewarfinallykillsEwan,butnotinthewayhiswidowis

toldInfact,theGermansaren11responsibleforhisdeath,buthisownside.

Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohaverunawayfromabattle.

Ifthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflifeitalsolooksahead,it

isa"SunsetSong"butisconcernedtoowiththenewKinraddie,indeedof

thenewEuropeanworldGrassicGibbonwentontopublishtwoothernovels

abouttheplacethatcontinueitsstory.

41、WhatisSunsetSongmainlyabout?

A.TheFirstWorldWar.

B.Thebeautyofthesunset.

C.ThenewEuropeanworld.

D.ThelivesofruralScottishfarmers.

42、WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris?

A.SheistheheroineofSunsetSong.

B.Shehadamiserablechildhood.

C.Sheisthecreationofaman.

D.Shemarriedonlyonce.

43、Whatistheopeningsectionofthenovelmainlyconcernedwith?

A.TheclimateofKinraddie.

B.ThehistoryofKinraddie.

C.ThegeographyofKinraddie.

D.ThelanguagespokeninKinraddie.

44、WhoareresponsibleforEvan1sdeath,accordingtoChris?

A.TheGermans.

B.TheFrencharmy.

C.TheBritishtroops.

D.TheRussiansoldiers.

45、Thewordsunsetoccurringinthetitleofthenovelmostprobablymeans

A.theendoftheheroine1slife

B.theendofone*slife

C-theendoftraditionallife

D.theendoftheday

第5部分：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分

別放回原有位置，以回復(fù)文章原貌。

Population

Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflargepopulationhavelongbeenasubject

ofdiscussionamongeconomists46.Tofeedalargepopulation,inferior

landmustbecultivatedandthegoodlandworkedintensively.47.Other

economistshavearguedthatalargepopulationgivesmorescopefor

specializationandthedevelopmentoffacilitiessuchasportszroadsand

railways,48.

Oneofthedifficultiesincarryingoutaworldwidebirthcontrolprogram

liesinthefactthatofficialattitudestopopulationgrowthvaryfromcountry

tocountrydependingonthelevelofindustrialdevelopmentandtheavailability

offoodandrawmaterials.Inthedevelopingcountrywhereavastlyexpanded

populationispressingharduponthelimitsoffood,spaceandnatural

resources,49.Inah