高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解分析講解課件（77張）

閱讀理解解題技巧★《考試大綱》要求1、理解主旨和要義；2、理解文中具體信息；3、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；4、做出簡單判斷和推理；5、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6、理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。推理判斷題主旨大意題細節(jié)理解題詞義猜測題細節(jié)理解題

1.直接細節(jié)題屬于低層次的題，答案直接在文中能找到，常見的用who,what,when,where,why,how等提問。2.語義轉(zhuǎn)換題選項中不會出現(xiàn)原文中直接答案，而是借助同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，概念解析，歸納事實等方法對原文信息進行適當(dāng)變化來完成答題任務(wù)。3.信息理解題這類信息主要用于應(yīng)用文（廣告，公告，海報，車船航班時間表等）類閱讀理解題中考察。常常對文中某一方面進行提問，完全沒有必要從頭到尾仔細閱讀材料?？焖賹ふ倚畔ⅰ?.細節(jié)排序題試題根據(jù)考生動作的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事情發(fā)生，發(fā)展的正確順序。運用首尾定位法，即先找出首先發(fā)生的事，再找出最后放生的事，迅速縮小范圍，從而快速得出答案。一、設(shè)題方式1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/notmentioned?2.Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?3.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.4.Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept..?5.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof..?6.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof...?二、如何做細節(jié)理解題1)題干定位法:采取“點擊式閱讀”

找出關(guān)鍵詞2)掃讀法:迅速掃讀相關(guān)詞匯，然后尋出相關(guān)詞匯的同義或反義表達。3)首尾定位法(排序題):找出第一件事和最后一件事。讀尋思定Sample1ApprovedandProhibitedItemsThefollowingitemsareapprovedforuseinresidential(住宿的)rooms:electricblankets,hairdryers,personalcomputers,radios,televisionsandDVDplayers.Itemsthatarenotallowedinstudentroomsinclude:candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsandwirelessrouters.PleasenotethatanyprohibiteditemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife.36.Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?A.Ceilingfansandwaterbeds.B.WirelessroutersandradiosC.Hairdryersandcandles.D.TVsandelectricblankets.

語義轉(zhuǎn)換細節(jié)題：approve同義詞allowDSample2AccesstoResidentialRoomsStudentsareprovidedwithacombination(組合密碼)fortheirroomdoorlocksuponcheck-in.Donotshareyourroomdoorlockcombinationwithanyone.TheOfficeofResidenceLifemaychangethedoorlockcombinationatanytimeattheexpenseoftheresidentifitisfoundthatthestudenthassharedthecombinationwithothers.Thefeeis$25tochangearoomcombination.37.Whatifastudentisfoundtohavetoldhiscombinationtoothers?A.Thecombinationshouldbechanged. B.TheOfficeshouldbecharged.C.Heshouldreplacethedoorlock. D.Heshouldcheckoutoftheroom.

told…to…→share…with…ASample3CookingPolicyStudentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven(微波爐)toheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.38.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?A.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.C.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthekitchen.D.Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking.

A題目無法定位時，利用選項定位Sample4QuietHoursResidentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmospherethatsupportstheacademicmissionoftheUniversity.Minimumquiethoursinallcampusresidencesare11:00pmto8:00amSundaythroughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturdaynightsare1:00amto8:00am.Studentswhoviolatequiethoursaresubjecttoafineof$25.40.Whencanstudentsenjoyapartyinresidences?A.7:00am,Sunday. B.7:30am,Thursday.C.11:30pm,Monday. D.00:30am,Saturday.

D利用特殊語言現(xiàn)象定位主旨大意題

考查學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題,標題或目的設(shè)題。一、設(shè)題方式1)主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的類主旨大意題Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...3)標題類主旨大意題Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…二、如何做主旨大意題1)主旨大意題屬于歸納概括題。如有標題，標題中蘊含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。2)找準文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。在答題時，我們可以：

讀首句抓大意

讀尾句抓大意

讀首尾段抓大意3.)無明顯主題句時高頻信息詞任一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。①標題法②首尾法③主題詞法Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

（1）主題句在段首

一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。

設(shè)計Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（4）在短文中間當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.1)關(guān)注一些表征強轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞“but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,

indeed,”等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。

2)

關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞：“in

brief/short,

above/in/after/all

in

all,

conclusion,

inaword”等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。

3)

如果主題句含有show,indicate和suggest等詞，重點看其后的賓語從句。

主題句在短文中間

Sample5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

●Sample5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels

1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerSmokingisabadhabitLCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingWhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?Themainideaofthepassageis___.Apractice2.ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions(地區(qū))oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter……ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolence,overweightandloneliness.However,TVishavingapositiveinfluenceonthelivesofbillionsworldwideTheauthorintendsto

.

A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slives

B.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependent

C.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskills

D.introducethereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle3

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking..詞義猜測題

要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義一、設(shè)題方式詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans

/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean

______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”

standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......二、如何做詞義猜測型題1)構(gòu)詞法Wordformation1.派生詞、復(fù)合詞、詞性變化2.英語各種前綴與后綴2)語境法Contextclues1.定義描述2.同義反義3.因果關(guān)系4.舉例歸納5.生活常識6.上下推斷①見形辨義②望文生義1.(05重慶卷)1.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.2.It’struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.3.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

（合成形容詞）（詞性變化）（派生法,復(fù)合法，轉(zhuǎn)化法）（詞的派生）1)構(gòu)詞法Wordformationsuperman

microwave(超人)nonnatural

mispronounce(非自然的)

homeless

nonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuild

eastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)1)構(gòu)詞法Wordformation中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)

Sample1Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:無條件的，絕對的沒有判斷力的Ex.1

1.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.

2.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.替代豐滿的2)語境法Contextclues1.定義描述定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或is,becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等詞匯或破折號來表示；或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語解釋生詞

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderly(有秩序的)way.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.

◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.

混亂天生的2)語境法Contextclues2.同義反義由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等連接的兩個詞構(gòu)成同義關(guān)系；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though,onthecontrary

◎

Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

混濁的◎SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.復(fù)制品精明的

修剪2)語境法Contextclues3.因果關(guān)系常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。1.Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveovenect.2.Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.家電民俗2)語境法Contextclues4.舉例歸納常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義。EX.5

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.麻藥波紋膨脹冷縮2)語境法Contextclues5.生活常識根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。因此平時多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了Janeisusuallyprompt.A．lateB．ontimeC．pleasedJaneisusuallypromptforallherclasses，butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclasstoday.adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即時的adv.準時地2)語境法Contextclues6.上下推斷所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。猜測生詞義或句意時，一定要認真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，進行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。Passage1

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage2

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage3

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage4

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage5

Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.

Theunderlinedword“astounded”means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedDHowtoguessthemeaningofwords?推理判斷題推理判斷型考察要領(lǐng)考查學(xué)生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隱含信息的能力,根據(jù)文章提供的事實和線索，進行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事發(fā)生的可能性、作者的傾向或意圖、文章的論調(diào)等。考察類型一般分為四種：細節(jié)推理題；寫作意圖題；文章來源或讀者對象題；作者態(tài)度傾向題1“暗示”/“支持”/“總結(jié)”B就近原則

Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“l(fā)ikes”fortheironlineposts.66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause_______.A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate

(2018·江蘇卷D篇)

A路標詞原則2“找到”/“來自”/“拿出”B考查出處的選項中可能出現(xiàn)的詞匯:advertisement廣告newspaper報紙poster海報diary日記letter信件magazine雜志guidebook指南storybook故事書sciencebook科學(xué)書brochure小冊子3“目的”/“想要告訴”/“展示”B中心詞原則4“態(tài)度”/“作者認為”Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Disapproving.D．Uncaring.B情感詞原則表示作者態(tài)度的詞匯一肯定positiveadj.肯定的,實際的,積極的,,確實的favorableadj.贊成的,有利的,贊許的,良好的approvaln.贊成,承認,正式批準enthusiasmn.狂熱,熱心,積極性supportiveadj.支持的，支援的defensive為……而辯護二否定neg