新時代主題大學(xué)英語視聽說教程（第二冊）Unit 4 script

Unit4LandandPeople

PartOne

UnderstandingShortConversations

LanguageandCulture

1.TheBurjKhalifa(Conver.1)

TheBuqKhalifaisaskyscraperinDubai.Withatotalheightof829.8m,the

BuijKhalifahasbeenthetalleststructureandbuildingintheworld.

2.MachuPicchu(Conver.3)

MachuPicchuisa15th-centuryIncacastle,locatedintheEasternCordilleraof

southernPeru.

3.TheAndes(Conver.3)

TheAndesorAndeanMountainsarethelongestcontinentalmountainrangein

theworld,formingacontinuoushighlandalongthewesternedgeofSouthAmerica.

4.IncaEmpire(Conver.3)

TheIncaEmpire,alsoknownastheIncanEmpireandtheInkaEmpire,wasthe

largestempireinpre-ColumbianAmerica.

5.TheAztecs

TheAztecs(/'sezteks/)wereaMesoamericanculturethatflourishedincentral

Mexicointhepost-classicperiodfrom1300to1521.TheAztecpeoplesincluded

differentethnicgroupsofcentralMexico,particularlythosegroupswhospokethe

Nahuatllanguage(納瓦特爾語)andwhodominatedlargepartsofMesoamerica(中

美洲、|)fromthe14thtothe16thcenturies.

6.Tiwanaku(Conver.3)

TiwanakuisaPre-ColumbianarchaeologicalsiteinwesternBolivia,South

America.Itisthecapitalofanempirethatextendedintopresent-dayPeruandChile,

flourishingfromAD300toAD1000.

7.TheLibraryofAlexandria(Conver.4)

TheGreatLibraryofAlexandriainAlexandria,Egypt,wasoneofthelargestand

mostsignificantlibrariesoftheancientworld.TheLibrarywaspartofalarger

researchinstitutioncalledtheMouseion,whichwasdedicatedtotheMuses,thenine

goddessesofthearts.

8.TajMahal(Conver.5)

TheTajMahal(/,ta：djmo'ha：1,ta：J-/)isanivory-whitemarble

mausoleum(陵墓)onthesouthbankoftheYamunariverintheIndiancityofAgra.

Itwascommissionedin1632bytheMughalemperor,ShahJahan(reignedfrom1628

to1658),tohousethetombofhisfavouritewife,MumtazMahal.Italsohousesthe

tombofShahJahan,thebuilder.

ScriptswithKey

1.W:Doyouknowwhichcurrentlyisthetallestbuildingintheworld?

M:I'mprettysuresince2008ithasbeentheBuqKhalifainDubai,theUnited

ArabEmirates.Itholdstherecordwithitsmonumental830metersinheight.

Q:HowtallisBuijKhalifainDubai?

2.M:Didyouwatchthe2018WinterOlympics?

W:Oh,yes,IthoughtKoreadidagreatjobwiththeorganizationoftheevents.

Therewere92countriesrepresentedandseveralmadetheirwintergames

debuts一likeEcuador,Nigeria,andSingapore.

Q:WhichcountryisnotmentionedtohavemadeafirstappearanceataWinter

Olympics?

3.W:DidyoujustgotoMachuPicchuinPeru?Yourpicturesonsocialmedialooked

wonderful.

M:Oh,yes——incredibleexperience.IfsasecretcityhighintheAndes——a

survivingsymbolofthegreatIncaEmpire.Itwaswellworththelongtripup

themountains.

Q:MachuPicchuwasasecretcityusedbywhichancientempire?

4.M:TheEgyptianPyramidsareoneofthegreatestwondersofworld.Agroupfrom

ourschoolispreparingtogotherethissummer.Wouldyouliketojoin?

W:Yes,I'vealreadysignedup.ReallylookingforwardtoseeingthegreatNile,the

CairoMuseum,andalsothecavemonasteries.

Q:WhichancienthistoricsiteisNOTmentionedinthisdialogue?

5.W:Doyouknowwhatthemostincrediblemonumentofloveintheworldis?

M:Well,IwouldhavetosaytheTajMahalinAgra,India.ItwasbuiltbyEmperor

ShahJahaninmemoryofhisbelovedqueenMumtazMahalwhodiedin

childbirth.

Q:InwhichcityofIndiaistheTajMahallocated?

PartTwo

UnderstandingLongConversations

LanguageandCulture

1.TheRenaissance(Conver.1)

TheperiodinEurope,especiallyItaly,inthe14th,15th,and16thcenturies,

whentherewasanewinterestinart,literature,science,andlearning.

2.Limuru(Conver.2)

LimuruisatownincentralKenya.Itisalsothenameofaparliamentary

constituencyandanadministrativedivision.

3.Kisumu(Conver.2)

Kisumu,officiallyknownasKisumuCity,istheKenyaninlandportcityon

LakeVictoriaandthecapitalcityofKisumuCounty,Kenya.

4.Capebuffalo(Conver.2)

Thelargestwildbuffaloofsub-SaharanAfrica,whichisalsocalledAfrican

buffalo.

5.Nakuru(Conver.2)

Nakuruisthefourth-largestcityinKenyaafterNairobi,MombasaandKisumu.

ItisthecapitalofNakuruCountyandformercapitaloftheRiftValleyProvince.

ScriptswithKey

SectionAMultipleChoice

Conversation1MemoriesofItaly

W:HiTom,youjustreturnedfromRome,didn'tyou?

M:Yes,ifsgoodtoseeyouagain,Mary.

W:HowdidyoulikeEurope?I'veneverbeentherebefore.

M:Well,Italyisoneofthemostbeautifulcountries.

W:Beinganarchitectyoucertainlyenjoyedexploringtheoldhistoricbuildings.

M:Yes,theRomanswerewell-knownfortheirsophisticatedroadnetwork.Iwentto

theForumandColiseum.IalsovisitedFlorence,Milan,andVenice.Breathtaking

culture!Centuriesofhistory.

W:Whataboutthefood?

M:ItaliancuisineisthebestinEurope.Freshlymadepizza,spaghetti,lasagnaanda

lotmoretraditionalmeals.Greatfreshbreadwitholiveoilandotherspecial

sauces.

W:Yes,Italianchefsarefamousfortheirdiligenceandcommitmenttoquality.Did

yougototheopera?

M:Yes,IsawNabucobyVerdiatLaScala一anamazingperformance.Ialsovisited

anartgalleryinFlorencewithRenaissancepaintings.

W:Oh,Wow.Whataboutthepeople?

M:Veryniceandfriendly,justalittledisorganized.Imadenewfriendsandam

planningtogoagainnextyear.Oh,Ialmostforgot.Thisisforyou.

W:Aperfume一howsweet!Thankyou.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.WhichItaliancityisnotmentionedinthediscussion?

2.WhatfamousplacesdidTomvisitinRome?

3.WhichfamousVerdioperadidTomwatchperformedatMilan?

4.WhatgiftdidTombringforMary?

Conversation2TraveltoKenya

M:WhydidyougotoKenya,Sue?

W:Iwasonahumanitarianmissionwithaninternationalaidorganization.

M:Wow,really?Andwhatdidyoudothere?

W:WeorganizedayouthcampinLimuruandtaughtonempowerment.Wealso

conductedatrainingworkshopforvillagewomennearKisumuinthewest.

M:Wow.Soundsexciting.Didyoudoanythingforfun?

W:Oh,yes.WespenttwodaysattheMasaiMaraGameReserve一afamous

nationalparkinAfrica.

M:Didyouseetheanimals?

W:Ofcourse.That9swhyapersongoestotheMara,asthelocalscallit.Wewere

greetedbyaherdofelephantsintheearlymorning;theycameclosetoourvehicle

andwecouldeventouchthem.Ourguidesaidthatwasprettysafe,becausethey

wereallfemales.

M:Oh,haha.Incredible!

W:Wealsosawgiraffe,capebuffalos,hyenas,evenlionsandleopards.Butoneof

themostamazingphenomenaduringthesummeristhemigrationofzebrasand

wildebeest.Youcanseethousandseverywhere一abeautifulsighttobehold.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.WhatweretheprimaryactivitiesinwhichSueparticipatedinKenya?

6.Whichfamousnationalparkdidshevisit?

7.Whydidtheguidethinktheclosecontactwiththeherdofelephantswassafe?

8.TheGreatMigrationisanannualpilgrimageprimarilyofwhichtwoanimals?

PartThree

UnderstandingNewsReports

LanguageandCulture

1.Promqueen(NR1)

Promqueenmostoftenreferstoagirlselectedtobethepromqueenatahigh

schoolprom.

2.TheGreatDepression(NR2)

TheGreatDepressionwasasevereworldwideeconomicdepressionthattook

placemostlyduringthe1930s,beginningintheUnitedStates.

3.TheBeatles(NR2)

TheBeatleswereanEnglishrockbandformedinLiverpoolin1960.With

membersJohnLennon,PaulMcCartney,GeorgeHarrisonandRingoStarr,they

becamewidelyregardedastheforemostandmostinfluentialmusicbandinhistory.

4.Softskills(NR3)

Softskillsareacombinationofpeopleskills,socialskills,communicationskills,

charactertraits,attitudes,careerattribute,socialintelligenceandemotional

intelligencequotientsamongothersthatenablepeopletonavigatetheirenvironment,

workwellwithothers,performwell,andachievetheirgoalswithcomplementing

hardskills.

ScriptswithKey

NewsReport1TheSweetSmileofDestiney

ThegraduatenamedDestiney,destiny(命運)forhersuccess.Andwhyher

smileissomuchsweeterthanmost?Finallytonight,shewaspromqueen(舞會皇后)

andcheerleadingcaptain,butthereissomethingevenmoreastonishingaboutrecent

graduateDestineyTerry.ItwasMaryCruiseexplains.Atthefirstglance,Destiney

Terryfitsfamiliarpicturesofhighschoolsuccess——topofherclass,promqueen,

college-bound(準(zhǔn)大學(xué)生).Butshedidallthatinjusttwoyears.Destineyisonly16

andwaslivinghereinWashington,DC'slargesthomelessshelter,sharingthisroom

withhermotherandyoungersister.Afterhermotherlostherjob,theadjustmentwas

difficult."Tmusedtohavingtheworldinmyhand,andtheneverythingdropped."

Then,atthenewschool,withthehelpofherprincipal,Destineyseizedherdestiny.

“It'sthebiggerandbetterthingsinlifethatI'mtryingtogetto.^^Shetookclasseson

Saturdaysonline,evenduringthesummer.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.WhatisastonishingaboutrecentgraduateDestineyTerry?

2.WithwhosehelpdidDestineyseizeherdestiny?

NewsReport2AManWhoLivesLifeontheCuttingEdge

We'reintonightwithamanwholiveslifeonthecuttingedge.SteveHartman

methim“Ontheroad."WecaughtupwithJoeBrownofPensacola,Florida,ashe

wasabouttogointoabarbershop.Imaginebeing98andstillhavingtheenergyand

thehairtovisitabarber.WhafsevenmoreimpressiveaboutJoeisthatheisthe

barber.'Tmgoingtokeepworking."Joestartedcuttinghairduringthegreat

depressionandhasbeendoingitprettymucheveryweeksince.Hislastvacationwas

lastcentury.Theguytrulyloveshisjobandcanonlyciteonebadchapterinhis

wholecareer."Theworsttimeinbarteringwaswhenthe——“Obviouslyheistrying

toblockout（忘掉）thedisaster."Oneofthem,long-hairedduckscomeoverhere,the

musicians?99TheBeatles.Joesaysthefab（極好的）fourcosthimafortune.Oncethey

showedup,nobodywantedahaircutforyears.ButhewaitedouttheBeatlesand

outlasted（比...持續(xù)時間長）virtuallyeverybarberofhistime.Whafsmore

amazingthanhistenure（任期）isthetouchhestillhaswiththosescissors.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.WhydidJoeBrowngointoabarbershop?

4.AccordingtoJoe,whenwastheworsttimeinbarbering?

NewsReport3YouthUnemployment

Youngpeoplefacemuchhigherunemploymentthanolderpeople.Accordingto

theInternationalLaborOrganization,theglobalunemploymentrateforpeopleunder

25isthirteenpercent,morethandoubletheoverallglobalunemploymentrate.Leon

SamuelsisExecutiveDirectorofSTRIVE.Hesayssincethe2008economic

downturn,youngjobseekersarefacingmorecompetitionfromolderandmore

experiencedapplicants.

“Theageranged18-24wereaffectedbecausenowyouhavealotofhigh-end

高端的）collegestudentstakingentrylevelpositionsfromlowwageworkers/9

STRIVEDC'sclientsareoftenfromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.Theprogramhelps

withanythingfromwardrobe（衣柜）totransportationneedswhilegivingyounger

clientstoolstohelpcompetewitholder,morepolished（嫻熟的）jobseekersby

teachingwhattheycallsoftskills.

“Bysoftskills,Imeanjustlearninghowtosmile,learninghowtoshakehands,

learninghowtoshowupontime,learninghowtojusthavearesume（簡歷）andan

interview,learninghowtobeabletodothelittlethings,butlittlethingsgoodfirst,“

Ifsnotaseasyasitsounds.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.Whatcanweknowabouttheglobalunemploymentrateaccordingtothe

InternationalLaborOrganization?

6.Whywerethepeopleagedbetween18and24affectedbytheeconomicdownturn?

7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtosoftskills?

PartFour

UnderstandingPassages

LanguageandCulture

1.Mecca(Pass.1)

AsthebirthplaceofMuhammad,andthesiteofMuhammad'sfirstrevelationof

theQuran,MeccaisregardedastheholiestcityinthereligionofIslam.

2.WestSeal(Pass.2)

WestSealisayoungwomen'sclothingretailerheadquarteredinFoothillRanch,

California.

3.Aeropostale(Pass.2)

AeropostaleisaU.S.teenretailer.

4.PacificSunwear(Pass.2)

PacificSunwearisaUnitedStates-basedretailclothingbrandrootedintheyouth

orientedcultureandlifestyleofCalifornia.

ScriptswithKey

Passage1

Tosomeofus,lifewithintheKingdomofSaudiArabiamayseemabit

puritanicalC青教徒式的，古板的).InthecapitalcityofRiyadh,forexample,there

isn'tmuchtodointhewayofentertainment.Therearenotheaters,nobars,nodance

clubsofanykind,essentiallynowheretohangout.Andthislackofextracurricular

(課夕卜的)activitiesmightmakeforaboringSaturdaynight.Butofcoursethebasis

forthisisadeepcommitmenttothevaluesofIslam,thestatereligion.Beingthe

homeofMecca,SaudiArabiahasauniquelystrongdevotiontoIslam.Dailylifeis

pausedfivetimesadayforprayer,about30minuteseachtime.Andeverythingshuts

down,banks,stores,agenciesofgovernment,whatever.Andtheprayertimeschange

everyday,asthey'recorrelated(有關(guān)聯(lián)的)tothepositionofthesun.Soinorderto

keepup,anumberofpeopleusesmartphoneAppstokeeponschedule.Andyes,

eveninsucharigidenvironment,anincredible67%ofpeopleusesmartphones.Now

thatdoesn'tmeanthatcitizenshavefullaccesstotheinternet.SaudiArabiacensors

(審查)allmediapublications,onlineoronpapertomakesuretheyemployciviland

politelanguage.

Questions1to3arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

1.WhyistherelittletodointhewayofentertainmentinthecityofRiyadh?

2.What9sthemainreasonforthepuritanicallifeinSaudiArabia?

3.Whatdosomepeopleusetokeeponscheduleforprayer?

Passage2

Anothernoteworthyeventofthedigitalage:thestruggleoftheAmerican

shoppingmall.Therearecurrently1,100oftheseintheU.S.Butexpertsare

predictingthataround300ofthemwillcloseoverthenextfiveyears.Whenlarger

storeslikeMacy's,JCPenneyorSearsclosedanddozenshave,thesmallerstores

aroundthemoftenfollow.There'sstillhopeformanymalls,butthelandscapeis

changing.

TheAmericanmallwasoncethego-todestinationformanyshopperslooking

forbargainsandsuburbanteenagerslookingtohaveaplacetohangout.Buttherise

ofAmazonandchangingtrendsandfashionhasturnedsomemallsintomodernday

ghosttowns.OncepopularchainslikeWetSeal,AeropostaleandPacificSunwear

havefiledforbankruptcy（破產(chǎn)）.OtherlargerretailerslikeSears,Kmart,JCPenney,

Macy'sandKohl'shavebeenforcedtoclosestores.Severalofthesechainshave

announcedlayoffs（裁員）aswell.Amazonisabigproblemforallthesecompanies.

Thekingofe-commercenowsellsjustabouteverything.

Butallhopeisnotlike,youknow,lostforshoppingmallsjustyet.Manymalls,

particularlyinmoreaffluentsuburbsareaddingpopularretailers（零售商）likeApple

andfastfashionretailkingsH&M,ZARAandUNIQLOasnewtenants（租戶）.So,

themallmaynotbedeadjustyet.

Questions4to6arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

4.Accordingtoexperts'prediction,howmanyAmericanshoppingmallswillclose

overthenextfiveyears?

5.Whathasturnedsomemallsintomoderndayghosttowns?

6.Whatdoesthekingofe-commercereferto?

Passage3

Anoyster（牡蠣）habitat,abandonedhousesconvertedtogardens,acartthat

turnsintoahomelessshelter,amulti-layeredrainwaterfilteringsystem-theseare

someoftheproductsthattheybuiltatrecentdigitalfabricationchallengecalled

FabSlam.Theinventorsarestudents,from10to17yearsold.Thishighschoolteam

wantstotackleadifferentprobleminBaltimore:morethan16,000abandonedhomes.

“Wewantedtoconvertabandonedrowhousesintogreenhouses,thatwouldserveas

communitygardensandalsowouldproducefoodfbrhomelesssheltersandsoup

kitchensinthearea."TheDigitalHarborFoundation,whichsponsorsyouth

technologyprograms,hoststheevent.“ThepurposeofFabSlamistogivekidsa

chancetoexperimentwithcreativeproblem-solving,sowepresentachallengeto

them.Thafsveryopen,veryvague,andwegivethemanopportunitytocomeupwith

theirownsolutiontotheirownproblemthattheyidentifywithinthatsortofconstraint

（限制）Theteamshadsixweekstogeteverythingdone一fromidentifyinga

problem,doingtheresearch,thendesigninganddevelopingaprototype（原型）ora

productusinga3-Dprinterandotherdigitalmanufacturingtechniques.

Questions7to10arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

7.WhatisFabSlam?

8.Whatdidthehighschoolteamwanttodowiththeabandonedhomes?

9.Whosponsorsyouthtechnologyprograms?

10.Whatdidkidsdointhisevent?

SectionDSpotDictation

AnofficeattheCoastandCountryHousingAssociationheadquartersinRedica,

ofthe11peopleintoday,9areaged20to34,and4ofthemarestill（1）livingathome

withtheirparents.Ifsbecoming（2）anationalissue.InEnglandalone,（3）aquarter

ofyoungworkers,almosttwomillionpeople,haveyettomoveouttoaplaceoftheir

own.“Thesefiguresshowustwothings.(4)Largenumbersofyoungworkingpeople

arelivingwiththeirparents,andmostofthemdon'twantto.^^Thegovernmentsaysit

is(5)addressingtheissuewiththeHelptoBuyschemeand(6)moreaffordable

homes.LewisThompsonisoneofthosewhoisbenefiting.

"I'm26yearsold,soI'vebeensavingupmanymanyyearsnow.OnlyreasonI

wasabletogetahouseisI(7)managedtogetonewith5%deposit.Ifitwasn'tfor

that,Iliterallywouldn'tbeabletomoveout."Ofthetwoolderworkersinthisoffice,

onehasa30-year-oldson,workingandlivingathome."Thatmeansbasicallythatat

themoment(8)Ican'tretire,becausewehavetoprovide(9)alargerpropertyin

orderforhimtohavehisownroom,(10)tohavehisownspace.Andassuchwecan't

downsize."

PartFive

UnderstandingVideoPrograms

LanguageandCulture

Pension(Video1)

Apensionisafundintowhichasumofmoneyisaddedduringanemployee's

employmentyears,and

fromwhichpaymentsaredrawntosupporttheperson9sretirementfromworkinthe

formofperiodicpayments.

Video1AmericanSocialSecurityCard

Americanslovetheirindependence,anationofpioneerslivingoutfromunder

theeyeofgovernmentexceptforallthegovernment.Assuch,unlikemanyother

countries,Americansdon'thaveanationalIDcardandeventheideaofcreatingone

isapoliticalhottopiceveryelectioncycle.Theresultsarealwaysthesame:wedon't

neednoIDcard.Butsuspiciously(弓I起懷疑的)，UScitizensdoalreadyhavethis:a

cardwithauniquenumberthatmanyplaceswillaskfortoprovewhoyouare.Thisis

theSocialSecuritycardandnumberandhasbecomeaquasi(準(zhǔn)的，類似的)

-ID/uniquepasswordtoidentifycitizens,thoughthatwasneveritsintendeduse.For

Americans,keepingthisnumbersecretissuperimportantbecauseit'sthekeytothe

governmentandbankstoidentifyyouasyouandlosingcontrolofitistheworstkind

ofidentitytheftthatcanhappen.SohowdidAmericansendupwithanationalID

numberthatisn'toneandacardterriblyunfittoidentify?Itallstartedinthegreat

depressionoflonglongagowhenthegovernmentcreatedthesocialsecurityprogram,

akindofmandatory(強(qiáng)制的)pension:citizenswouldberequiredtopayinduring

theirworkinglivesandwit