泛讀教程-第三冊-Unit-2-答案市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎課件

EducationSkimmingEducationcostsmoney,butthensodoesignorance.1/32EducationSkimmingEducation'spurposeistoreplaceanemptymindwithanopenone.Educationiswhatremainsafteronehasforgotteneverythinghelearnedinschool.

-AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)2/32ContentsSpeedReadingSpeedTechniquesHowtoSKIMWhentoSKIMWhatisSkimming3/32ReadingSpeedSpeed1503006008004/32SpeedReading

FactorsThatInfluenceReadingRateApassagewithverylongsentencescanmakereadingmoredifficultandwillforceyoutoreadmoreslowlyUnderstandingbecomesdifficultorimpossibleandyourreadingrateisslowComplicatedideasorasophisticatedlineofreasoningTextFactors

SentenceLength

Vocab-ulary

IdeasandConcept5/32ReaderFactorsVocabLevelComprehensionAbilityBackgroundKnowledgeHowmanywordsdoyoudeterminetolearnperday?Coreparts,topic,mainideaanddetailsSchema.ToLearnToKnowToPractice6/32TechniquesforSpeedReadingSeeingmorethanonewordinasingleeyefixation.Itinvolveswideningyoureyespansothatyoucanseeseveralwordsinonefixation.WhatisPhraseReadingPhraseReadingPhrasereadingisatechniquethatbuildsfluency,aidscomprehension,andimprovesoralreading.

7/32TechniquesforSpeedReadingToReadefficientlyyoushouldtrytogetridofbadreadinghabitsandgetintogoodonesStudyingeconomicsisdifficultbecauseitrequirescarefulattentiontofactsandfiguresGroupwordsthatnaturallygotogetherHowtoPhraseReadGroupwordstogetherintomeaningfulunitsPracticephrasereadingpersistentlyYoumayfindittakesseveralweeksofcontinuedpracticetodevelopthehabit.8/32PhraseReadingExampleActually, thecommoncold isnot assimple asitseems.Itcanbecaused byany of200differentviruses,anditcan bringmisery ineightways: sorethroat, sneezing, runnynose wateryeyes, achesandpains, mildfever, nasalcongestion, andcoughing. 9/32KeyWordReadingTVNewsCaption:AirlineHijackingLosAngeles53hostages.FourHijacker.IdentityandPurposeUnknown.Keywordreadinginvolvesskippingovernonessentialwordsandreadingonlythosewordsandphraseswhichcarrytheprimaryorcoremeaningofeachsentence.Keywordreadingidsimilartoreadingatelegram,theheadlineinanewspaper,oranewscaptionwhichisrunningacrossthebottomofatelevisionscreenwhileaprogramisinprogress.10/32ExampleKeywordreadingisanewtechnique.Althoughitisfasterthanmostofthecarefulreadingtechniques,thereadermustexpectadecreaseinfactualcomprehension.Insomesituations,itisworththeloss,dependingonthereader’spurposeandthetypeofmaterialbeingread.11/32Keywordreadingisanew

technique.Althoughitisfaster

thanmostofthecarefulreadingtechniques,thereadermustexpectadecreaseinfactualcomprehension.Insomesituations,itisworth

theloss,dependingonthereader’spurposeandthetypeofmaterialbeingread.12/32UsingSentenceStructureUsingGrammaticalStructureUsingTypographicalAidsHowtolocatekeywords13/32RereadingRereadingestablishedthemechanicalprocessofmorerapideyemovementandgivesyoupreliminarypracticeora“trialrun”withreadingatahigherreadingrate.1.Selectanarticlereadatyournormalspeed.Timeyourself.2.Takeabreak,thenrereadthematerial.Pushyourselftoreadfaster.Timeyourself.14/32Skimmingisthereadingstyleusedbyflexiblereaderswhentheirpurposeistoquicklyobtainageneralideaaboutthereadingmaterial.

TheSkimmingstyleismostusefulwhenyouhavetoreadalargeamountofmaterialinashortamountoftime.WhenusingtheSkimmingstyle,youshouldidentifythemainideasineachparagraphandignorethedetailsinsupportivesentences.Becauseyouareonlylookingforthemainideaineachparagraphyouread,alowerlevelofcomprehensionistobeexpectedthanwhenusingtheStudyReadingstyle15/32WhentoSkim?16/32HowtoSkimRules:Eyesfloatdownoverthecontentforkeywords.Payattentiontodirectionwords,too.Steps:1.readthetitle.2.readthefirstparagraphcompletely.3.Readsubheadingsandfirstsentencesofremainingparagraphs.4.Alternatelyreadthebodyofthematerial.5.Ifthefinalparagraphappearstobeasummary,readitcompletely.17/32DemonstrationofSkimmingUsuallythefirstparagraphwillbereadataveragespeedallthewaythrough.Itoftencontainsanintroductionoroverviewofwhatwillbetalkedabout.Sometimes,however,thesecondparagraphcontainstheintroductionoroverview.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthormightjustbe“warmingup”orsayingsthclevertoattractattention.Readingathirdparagraphmaybeunnecessarybut………………..themainideaisusuallycontainedintheopeningsentence…………….topicsentence.Besidesthefirstsentencethereadershouldgetsomebutnotallthedetailfromtherestoftheparagraph………………names……………..dates……………Thistellsyounothing…………h(huán)encesometimesthemainideaisinthemiddleorattheendoftheparagraph.Someparagraphsmerelyrepeatideas.Occasionallythemainideacan’tbefoundintheopeningsentence.Thewholeparagraphmustthenberead.Thenleaveoutalotofthenextparagraph……………tomakeuptime…Remembertokeepaveryfastrate……...…………400w.p.m…….Don’tbeafraidtoleaveouthalformoreofeachparagraph………Don’tgetinterestedandstarttoreadeverything……………….Loweredcomprehensionisexpected………….50%........................nottoolow…….Skimmingpracticemakesiteasier……………….gainconfidence……….Perhapsyouwon’tgetanythingatallfromafewparagraphs……...………don’tworry…Skimminghasmanyuses……………..reports………newspapers…………text…………..exam………Theendingparagraphsmightbereadmorefullyasoftentheycontainasummary.Rememberthattheimportanceofskimmingistogetonlytheauthor’smainideaataveryfastspeed.18/32PulpFriction

Everysecond,1hectareoftheworld'srainforestisdestroyed.That'sequivalenttotwofootballfields.AnareathesizeofNewYorkCityislosteveryday.Inayear,thataddsupto31millionhectares--morethanthelandareaofPoland.Thisalarmingrateofdestructionhasseriousconsequencesfortheenvironment;scientistsestimate,forexample,that137speciesofplant,insectoranimalbecomeextincteverydayduetologging.InBritishColumbia,where,since1990,thirteenrainforestvalleyshavebeenclearcut,142speciesofsalmonhavealreadybecomeextinct,andthehabitatsofgrizzlybears,wolvesandmanyothercreaturesarethreatened.Logging,however,providesjobs,profits,taxesforthegovernmentandcheapproductsofallkindsforconsumers,sothegovernmentisreluctanttorestrictorcontrolit.19/32MuchofCanada'sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.AccordingtotheCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld'swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.20/32Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itproducesfibrewhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.Forcenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenfeasiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships'cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibres,butscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada'sforests.21/32However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfibre,rope,oil,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis,relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfibre-producinghempplant.AlthoughbothGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempinlargequantitiesontheirownland,anyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywouldsoonfindhimselfinprison--despitethefactthatmarijuanacannotbeproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).22/32Inrecentyears,twomajormovementsforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.OnegroupofactivistsbelievesthatALLcannabisshouldbelegal--boththehempplantandthemarijuanaplant--andthattheuseofthedrugmarijuanashouldnotbeanoffense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnotdangerousoraddictive,andthatitisusedbylargenumbersofpeoplewhoarenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersofsociety.Theyalsopointoutthatmarijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholortobacco.Theotherlegalizationmovementisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefibre;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefibreforpaperandpulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphashadamajortriumphrecently:in1997,Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempforfibre.Forthefirsttimesince1938,hundredsoffarmersareplantingthiscrop,andsoonwecanexpecttoseepulpandpaperproducedfromthisnewsource.23/32WordPretest1.A2.B.3.A4.C5.C6.A7.B8.A9.B10.C11.CReadingSkill4.C5.B6.B

1.F2.T.3.F4.F5.T6.T24/32WilliamFaulkner

TheSoundandtheFury

AsILayDying

LightinAugust

Absalom,Absalom!

25/32“Memorybelievesbeforeknowingremembers.Believeslongerthanrecollects,longerthanknowingevenwonders.”“Alwaysdreamandshoothigherthanyouknowyoucando.Don'tbotherjusttobebetterthanyourcontemporariesorpredecessors.Trytobebetterthanyourself.”Amulewilllabortenyearswillinglyandpatientlyforyou,fortheprivilegeofkickingyouonce.26/32“IfIwerereincarnated,I'dwanttocomebackabuzzard.Nothinghateshimorenvieshimorwantshimorneedshim.Heisneverbotheredorindanger,andhecaneatanything.”

“Read,read,read.Readeverything-trash,classics,goodandbad,andseehowtheydoit.Justlikeacarpenterwhoworksasanapprenticeandstudiesthemaster.Read!You'llabsorbit.Thenwrite.Ifitisgood,you'llfindout.Ifit'snot,throwitoutthewindow.”27/32VocabularyBuildingI.1.mess2.preference 3.aimlessly4remarkable/marked 5.decisive6shipment7.fiery8.