職稱英語綜合類b級模擬30

職稱英語綜合類B級模擬30

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面每個句子中均有一個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每個劃線部分確定一個意義是

為接近的選項。

1>Itisapitythatyouhavemissedthemostimportantcontents.

A.lostB.caughtC.refusedD.

rejected

2、Hewasaverysmartboybuthemadeafoolishdecisionthistime.

A.cleverB.honestC.braveD.

dull

3、Thegovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.

A.slightB.surprisingC.sudden.D.

harmful

4、Thesportsmeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.

A.putdownB.putoutC.delayedD.

cancelled

5、ThoughhewasborninAmerica,hecanspeaksmoothChinese.

A.perfectB.fluentC.poorD.

flowing

6、Weshouldneversatisfyourselveswithwhatwehavelearned.

A.convinceB.contentC.comfortD.

benefit

7>Hehasaveryoutgoingpersonalityanditiseasyforhimtomakesfriends.

A.abilityB.characterC.realityD.

attitude

8、Theroomwasfurnishedwiththesimplestessentials,abed,achair,and

atable.

A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.

made

9、Thisarticlerequiresmoreattentiontotheproblemofculturalinterference.

A.callsforB.appliesforC.caresforD.

allowsfor

10>Heisahumorousman,especiallyhisexpressioninhisface.

A.rationallyB.obviouslyC.

particularlyD.traditionally

11>PeoplenamethisstreetBillStreetinhonorofthefamousgeneral.

A.respectingB.memorizingC.intermofD.

inviewof

12>Hedoesn11likethechildrenwhoarepronetotellingalie.

A.reliableB.liableC.promisingD.

declined

13、Wearedisappointedtofindoutthathehasmadeafatalmistake.

A.crucialB.foolishC.stupidD.

important

14、TheteacheraskedustosubmitthereportsbeforenextMonday.

A?handinB.handoutC.handonD.hand

back

15>Purchasingthenewproductionlinewillbeaprofitabledealforthecompany.

A.beneficialB.tremendousC.forcefulD.

favorable

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句

提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句信息

文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

1.MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently

Malepilotsflyinggeneralaviating(private)aircraftintheUnitedStates

aremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecision-making,while

femalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft.These

aretheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity

BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.

Thestudyidentifiesthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsin

termsofcircumstancesofthecrashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.

nCrashesofgeneralaviationaircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviation

deathsintheUnitedStates.Thecrashrateformalepilots,asformotor

vehicledrivers,exceedsthatofcrashesoffemalepilotsz"explainsSusan

P.Baker.MPH,professorofhealthpolicyandmanagementattheBloomberg

SchoolofPublicHealth."Becausepilotyouthandinexperienceareestablished

contributorstoaviationcrashes,wefocusedononlymaturepilots,todetermine

thegenderdifferencesinthereasonsforthecrash.”

Theresearchersextracteddataforthisstudyfromalargeresearchproject

onpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedataweregatheredfromgeneralaviation

crashesofairplanesandhelicoptersbetween1983and1997,involving144

femalepilotsand267realepilotsaged40-63.Femalepilotswerematched

withmalepilotsina1：2ratio,byage,classesofmedicalandpilotcertificates,

stateorareaofcrash,andyearofcrash.Thenthecircumstancesofthecrashes

andthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorizedandcodedwithoutknowledge

ofpilotgender.

Theresearchersfoundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthe

mostcommoncircumstanceforbothsexes,leadingto59percentoffemalepilots,

crashesand36percentofmales.Experiencingmechanicalfailure,running

outoffuelzandlandingtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthe

factorsmorelikelywithmales,whilestalling(失速)wasmorelikelywith

females.

Themajorityofthecrashes-95percentforfemalesand88percentfor

males-involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkinetics

wasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexes,butwasmorecommonamong

females(accountingfor81percentofthecrashes)thanmales(accountingfor

48percent).Maleszhowever,appearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoordecision

-making,risk-taking,andinattentiveness,examplesofwhichinclude

misjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect.

Females,thoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraft,

weregenerallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts.

16、Malepilotsaremorelikelytocrastlthanfemalepilots.

A.RightB.WrnngC.Notmentioned

17、Crashesofprivateaircraftaccountforonlyasmallpartofaviation

accidents.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Itisalreadyknownthataircraftcrashesaremostlycausedbyyoungand

inexperiencedpilots.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Bothmaleandfemalepilotsflyinggeneralaviating(private)aircraft

areundergreatstress.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Theresearchdatainvolvedmorethan400pilotsaged40-63.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Themajorityofthecrashesareduetobadweatherconditions.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Lossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffandstallingisthemostcommon

errorofcrashwithfemalepilots.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：⑴第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1?4段每

段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項。

Paris

1Paris,thecapitalandthelargestcityofthecountry,isinnorthcentral

France.TheParismetropolitanareacontainsnearly20%ofthenation*s

populationandistheeconomiczcultural,andpoliticalcenterofFrance.

TheFrenchgovernmentshavehistoricallyfavoredthecityasthesitefor

alldecisionmaking,thuspowerfullyattractingnearlyallofthenation*s

activities.

2Parishasgrownsteadilysinceitwaschosenasthenationalcapital

inthelate10thcentury.WiththeintroductionoftheIndustrialRevolution,

agreatnumberofpeoplemovedtothecityfromthecountryduringthe19th

century.Themigrationwasespeciallystimulatedbytheconstructionof

railroads,whichprovidedeasyaccesstothecapital.AfterWorldWarIImore

andmoreimmigrantsarrived.

3Thecityisthecentralizedcontrolpointofmostnationalradioand

televisionbroadcasting.Itisaplaceofpublicationofthemostprestigious

newspapersandmagazinesandaninternationalbookpublishingcenter.With

morethan100museums,Parishastrulybeenoneofthegreatestconcentrations

ofarttreasuresintheworld.TheLouver,openedasamuseumin1793,is

oneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.

4Inthelate1980sabout4.1millionpupilsannuallyattendedabout47,000

elementaryschools.Inaddition,about5.4millionstudentsattendedsome

11z200secondaryschools.Approximately1.2millionstudentswereenrolled

annuallyatuniversitiesandcollegesinFranceinthelate1980s.French

centersoflearninghaveservedasacademicmodelsthroughouttheworld.

5ParisistheleadingindustrialcenterofFrance,withaboutonequarter

ofthenation1smanufacturingconcentratedinthemetropolitanarea.Industries

ofconsumergoodshavealwaysbeendrawntoParisbytheenormousmarketof

thebigpopulation,andmodern,high-technologyindustriesalsohavebecome

numeroussinceWorldWarII.Chiefmanufacturesaremachinery,automobiles,

chemicalsandelectricalequipment.

A.Historyofthecity

B.Industriesofthecity

C.Populationgrown

D.Education

E.Culturalcenter

F.Immigration

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.canbefoundinParis

B.themajoreventsofthenation

C.ofthecountry*sindustries

D.alotofcinemasandtheaters

E.hasbeengrowingsteadily

F.hasbeendecreasingrapidly

27、Parishasinhistorybeenthecenterof.

28、Sincethe10thcentury,thepopulationofParis.

29、Manyvaluableworksofart.

30、ParisisnotonlythecenterofeducationofFrance,butalsothecenter

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每題定一個最佳選項。

弟扁

TheDrivefortheFuture

Driverlessears

ProfessorSebastianThrun,directoroftheStanfordArtificialIntelligence

Laboratory,wantstocutthenumberofearsonplanetearthby50%.

Hesaid："It*sahugewasteofmoneyandresourcestodoso—weuseears

about3%ofthetime.H

ProfessorThrunisaleaderinthefieldofdriverlessCarsandhasbuilt

tworoboticvehiclescalledStanleyandJunior.

Thecarshavenohumandriverandnoremotecontrolsystem—everythingfrom

sensorstonavigationishandledbyanonboardcomputer.

TheywerebothenteredintotheDARPAGrandChallenge—araceforautonomous

vehicles.Stanleywonin2004andJuniortooksecondplacein2007.

Buttheultimategoalistocreateaworldwhereself-awarevehicles

candrivepassengersaroundwithouthittingpedestriansorbumpingintoother

vehicles.

HTobeabletounderstandtheenvironmentasdeepashumansdoistheholy

grailofartificialintelligence."

"It1sahugeamountofworktomakecomputersunderstandwhatisthebehaviour

ofthetwopeopleontheright,bothwaitingatanintersection—willthey

walkornot?Itisareallyhardquestion.H

Perfectmissions

ResearchersatStanfordaretryingtoprogramhelicopterstoflyperfect

missionseverytimeincludingloops.

Imagine,forexample,asearchandrescuechopperthatcandescendinto

anarrowcanyoncountlesstimeswithoutitsrotorsevertouchingtheedges.

AndrewNgzanassociateprofessorintheComputerScienceDepartmentzsaid

itwouldbeverydifficulttowritesoftwaretomakeahelicopterearlyout

stuntsintheair.

Instead,researchersaskedaexperthumanpilottodemonstratethestunts.

Thecomputerlearnedfromthedemonstrationshowtoflybyitself.

Itiscalledapprenticeshiplearning—thecomputerfiguresoutwhatthe

humanpilotistryingtodoandthenusesalgorithmstocorrectorperfect

theoperations.

ProfessorNgsaid：nTheaccelerometersofthehelicopterwillfeelthe

forceofthewindpushingthehelicopterasideandwhatthehelicopterhas

learnedtodoishowtoadjustthecontrolstomoveitselfbackontothedesired

flightpath.n

31、WhatdescriptionaboutProfessorSebastianThrunisNOTfight?

A.ProfessorSebastianThrunisfromStanfordUniversity.

B.ProfessorSebastianThrunisinterestedinplanes.

C.ProfessorSebastianThrunhastwoautonomousears,StanleyandJunior.

D.ProfessorSebastianThrunwantstomakeintelligentcars.

32、Whatisthekeytocreateaself-awarevehicle?

A.Tobuildagoodnavigationsystemforavehicle.

B.Toputupacompletesetofsensorsinavehicle.

C.Tomakeavehicleunderstandstheenvironmentlikehumansdo.

D?Tosetupagoodcomputercontrolcenterforavehicle.

33、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Itiseasyforpilotstodothestuntswhenoperatinghelicoptersin

theair.

B.Itiseasyforhelicopterstodescendintoanarrowcanyontodorescue

work.

C.Itisdifficulttodesignsoftwarewhichenablesahelicoptertodo

stunts.

D.Thereisnosuchsoftwarethatenablesahelicoptertodostunts.

34、Whatisapprenticeshiplearning?

A.Itisaprocessthatanewpilotlearnfromanexperiencedpilot.

B.Itisacoursethatacandidatepilottakesinordertobecameapilot.

C.Itisacoursethatasoftwareengineertakestolearntodesigncomputer.

D?Theprocessthatacomputeranalyzehowpilotsdostunts,andtobetter

theoperationofitself.

35、Whichstatementisright?

A.Thispassageshowsthelatestcarandhelicoptermodels.

B.Thispassageintroducesthelatestresearchincarsandhelicopters.

C.Thispassagepersuadespeopletobuycars.

D.Thispassageexplainshowhelicopterswork.

弟一局

BrainTrain

Millionsofcopiesofconsoleandcomputer-based"braintrainers11are

soldworldwideeveryyear,claimingtomakepeoples1brainsyounger,better,

fasterorbigger.Thetheoryseemstomakesense：regularlyexercisingthe

brainwithtestsandpuzzlescanimprovebrainskillsandhelppeoplebecome

betterateverydaythinkingtasks.

Butrecentresearchsuggestsscientificevidenceislacking.

TheBBC1sBrainTestBritainexperimentwantstofindoutifbraintraining

reallyworkszandisaimingtogetthousandsofmembersofthepublictotrain

for10minutesadayzthreetimesaweek,foratleastsixweeks.

Scientificexperimentsandtheirfindingsshouldbeevaluatedby

independentexpertsinaprocesscalled"peerreview".Thisistheminimum

standardbywhichthequalityofanyresearchisjudged.

Verylittleresearchoncommercialbraintrainershasbeenpeerreviewed.

Instead,manufacturersoftenquoteunsupportedtestimonialsfrom"

satisfiedusers11.Noneoftheseareacceptablesubstitutesforpeerreview.

Aproper"controlgroupnisthebackboneofanyvalidscientificstudy.

Withabraintrainingstudy,thecontrolgroupofparticipantsshoulddo

thesameamountofamentalactivityasthebrain-traininggroup,butusing

a"non-braintrainingnactivitysuchasacrossword.

Scientistsshouldthenbeabletocomparetheresultsfromthetwogroups

toseehowgenuinelyeffectivethebraintrainingtaskswere.

Studiesthathavebeenusedtosupporttheclaimsmadebycommercialbrain

trainersoftenhavenocontrolgroupatallzoracontrolgroupthatisnot

asmentallyactiveasthetrainedgroup.

Inordertoseehowmuchyouhaveimproved,youneedtoknowwhereyou

wereatthestart.Todothis.scientistsusea"benchmarkingtest"—thesame

test,takenatthebeginningandendofanexperiment.

Benchmarkingtestsshouldhedifferentfromthebraintrainingtasks.This

way,scientistscanseeiftheeffectsofbraintrainingaretransferable

toothermentaltasks.

Studiesusedtosupporttheclaimsmadebycommercialbraintrainersoften

usetestsforbenchmarkingthatareidentical—orverysimilar——tothetests

usedduringtraining

36、Whatisthewriter1sattitudetowardsthe"braintrainersH?

A.TheWriterthinksitisstupidtouse.

B.Thewriterbelievedthattheseproductscanworkwell.

C.Thewriterlikestheseproductsverymuch.

D.Thewriterissuspectableaboutitseffect.

37>WhatdescriptionisrightaboutBBC1sBrainTestBritainexperiment?

A.Thisexperimentistoexaminethequalityofthebraintrainingproducts

sold.inmarket.

B.ThisexperimentistohelpBBCtodevelopanewbraintrainingproduct.

C.Thepeopletakingpartinthisexperimentshoulddobraintrainingten

minuteseveryday.

D.Forapeontakingpartinthisexperiment,thetrainingperiodlasts

atleastforsixweeks.

38、Whichstatementabout11peerreview"isright?

A.Thetestimonialsfrom"satisfiedusersHofaproductcanbeclassified

aspeerreview.

B.AgoodscientificresearchmustgothroughaHpeerreview".

C.Peerreviewcanbedonebytheresearcherswhodotheexperiment.

D.Antheexistentbraintrainerproductshaveapeerreviewtotestify

theirquality.

39、WhatshouldacontrolgroupdointheBBC1sbraintrainingstudy?

A.Thecontrolgroupshouldnotdoanymentalactivity.

B,Thecontrolgroupshoulddomorementalactivitythanthebrain-training

group.

C,Thecontrolgroupshoulddelessmentalactivitythanthebrain-training

activity.

D.Thecontrolgroupshoulddoanon-braintrainingactivity.

40、Howdotheresearchersknowthebrain-trainingactivityisuseful?

A.Attheendoftheexperiment,totesttheparticipantswithatestthat

issimilartothetestusedduringthetraining.

B.Attheendoftheexperiment,totesttheparticipantswithatestwhich

isthesametestusedatthebeginning.

C.Attheendoftheexperiment,totesttheparticipantswithaTetris

test.

D.Attheendoftheexperimenttotesttheparticipantswithatestmore

difficultthanthetest?usedatthebeginning.

第-二-答

LonelyPlanet

Sometimesitseemslikewe1reallfriendsonFacebook.Butthesadtruth

isthatAmericansarelonelierthanever.Between1985and2004zthenumber

ofpeoplewhosaidtheyfeltlonelytripled,to25percentzaccordingtoDuke

Universityresearchers.

Socialisolationinalladultshasbeenlinkedtosleepdisorders,high

bloodpressure,andanincreasedriskofdepressionandsuicide,saysJohn

T.Cacioppo,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofChicago.

ThoughmoreAmericansthaneverarelivingalone,theconnectionbetween

single-livingandlonelinessisinfactquiteweak.11Someofthemostprofound

lonelinesscanhappenwhenotherpeoplearepresent,HsaysHarryReis,professor

ofpsychologyattheUniversityofRochester.Takecollegefreshmen：even

thoughthey*resurroundedbypeoplealmostallthetime,manyfeelincredibly

isolatedduringthefirstquarteroftheschoolyear,Caciopposays.Bythe

secondquarter,however,mostfreshmenhavefoundsocialreplacementsfor

theirhigh-schoolfriends.

Sohowmanyfriendsdoyouneedtoavoidloneliness?Thereisnomagic

number.Anintrovertmightneedoneconfidantenottofeellonely,whereas

1

anextrovertmightrequirethreezorfourbosombuddies.Expertssayits

notthequantityofsocialrelationshipsbutthequalitythatreallymatters.

“Themostpopularkidinschoolmaystillfeellonely,11Caciopposays."There

orealotofstarswhohavebeenidolsandlivedlonelylives.H

Lonelinesscanberelative：ithasbeendefinedasanemotionalresponse

toaperceiveddiscrepancybetweenaperson*sdesiredlevelsofsocial

interactionandthecontactthey1reactuallyreceiving.Peopletendtomeasure

themselvesagainstotherszfeelingparticularlyaloneincommunitieswhere

socialconnectionisthenorm.

Social-networkingsiteslikeFacebookandMySpacemayprovidepeople

withafalsesenseofconnectionthatultimatelyincreaseslonelinessinpeople

whofeelalone."Thesesitesshouldserveasasupplementzbutnotreplacement

for,face-to-faceinteraction.Justbeingabletoengagegenuinelyand

politelywithyourneighborsisabetterfixthantextingcouldevereffect

formentalstability.nCaciopposays.

41、Accordingtothepassage,whyisi