Unit2LessonsinLifeUsingLanguage語法學案高中英語選擇性

外研社選擇性必修第四冊Unit2Grammar學案Usinglanguage復習被動語態(tài)Ⅰ.觀察感悟1.OndiscoveringthatMorrieisbeingweakenedbyasevereillness,MitchstartsvisitinghimathishouseonTuesdays.2.Afterfinishingit,IfeelIhavebeengivenadeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.3.Despiteitswidespreadrecognition,myfirstimpressionwasthatTuesdayswithMorrieisjustmadeupofacollectionofoveremotionalthoughtsandmessages,manyofwhicharerepeated.4.ThebookmademestopandthinkabouthowmuchIaminfluencedbypopularcultureandtheimportanceofcreatingmyownvaluesbasedonloveandopenmunication.5.Aboxoftissueswillbeneededtogetthroughthisbook!觀察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑體部分都使用了___________表示不知道或沒有必要指明動作的___________是誰時用被動語態(tài)；需要強調(diào)或突出動作的____________________或事件本身時也常用被動語態(tài)。Ⅱ.要點精析1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式如下：（以do為例）現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewouldbedone進行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成式have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewouldhavebeendone溫馨提示不能用于被動語態(tài)的幾種常見情況:（1）不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)。Thefinalexamisapproaching.期末考試馬上要來了。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如last、hold、contain、fit、cost等。Thelecturewilllastforthreehours.講座會持續(xù)3個小時。（3）表示歸屬的動詞（短語），如have、own、belongto等。TheoldhousebelongstoMr.Tony.那座老房子是托尼先生的。2.主動形式表被動意義（1）當clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物動詞時，表示主語的“品質(zhì)”或“性能”。Thispenwritessmoothly.這支鋼筆寫起字來很流暢。Thedoorwon'tlock.這扇門鎖不上。（2）當動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時。Theopeningceremonywillstartat8:00tomorrowmorning.開幕式會在明天早晨8點開始。（3）在need、deserve等詞的后面常跟動名詞，用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。Hisoldcarwhichbreaksdownfrequentlyneedsrepairing/toberepaired.他那輛經(jīng)常出故障的舊車需要修理了。（4）“beworth+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，用主動形式表示被動意義。Thebookisworthreadingagainandagain.這本書值得一讀再讀。（5）某些連系動詞，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主動形式表被動意義。（2022全國甲）Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.雖然這些鳥不以在野外使用工具而聞名，但事實證明這些鳥在籠子里可以熟練使用工具。（6）在“be+adj.+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語。Thenewwashingmachineiseasytooperate.新的洗衣機操作起來很簡單。3.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)（1）注意動詞短語的被動語態(tài)：動詞短語是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不能省略其中的介詞或副詞。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.會議將推遲到星期五。（2）注意雙賓語的被動語態(tài)：有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個賓語保留在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenaninterestingbookbymyfriendonmybirthday.我的朋友在我生日那天送了我一本有趣的書。（3）注意復合賓語的被動語態(tài)：當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余部分不動。使役動詞以及感官動詞等后跟省略to的不定式作賓語補足語時，其被動結(jié)構(gòu)要加to。Theteachermadehimretellthepassage.→Hewasmadetoretellthepassagebytheteacher.老師讓他復述課文。（4）主動語態(tài)的句子中的賓語是從句時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要用形式主語it。TheysaythatMr.Zhangisahumorousteacher.→It'ssaidthatMr.Zhangisahumorousteacher.據(jù)說張老師是一個幽默的老師。Ⅲ.練習語篇填空Itistoughforanybasketballplayertogettothemajorleagues,butJamesAbbotthadanextraobstaclethatshould1.（overe）.Hemighthavebeenanaveragepersonifhe2.（born）witharighthand.WhenAbbottwasyoung,otherchildren3.（tease）himconstantly.Thisdidn'tstopAbbott.Helovedsports,andhepracticedconstantly.Inhighschool,Abbott4.（join）theschoolbasketballteamandbecameapitcher（投球手）oftheteam.Laterhe5.（attend）theUniversityofMichiganonabasketballscholarship.In1987Abbott6.（name）America'stopamateurathlete,andin1988hepitchedhiswaytoagoldmedalintheOlympics.ButAbbottdidn'tthinkhewasfinishedyet.Abbottwentstraighttothemajors.He7.（choose）topitchfortheCaliforniaAngelsandlaterfortheNewYorkYankees.HowdidAbbottacplishallthiswithjustonehand？Thisiswhatfansoftenasked.JamesAbbott8.（see）asalefthandedpitcher,notasaonehandedpitcher.Heoncesaidthathedidn'tgrowupthinkingaboutnothavingarighthand.When9.（ask）toexplainhowhehadmadeittothetop,Abbottsaid,“IfIhadnotworkedveryhard,I10.（be）afailurenow.Theonlythingthatcouldstopm