02選擇性必修三Unit1語法語法不定式做表語

02選擇性必修三Unit1語法：語法精講精練動(dòng)詞不定式做表語一、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語的用法不定式作表語時(shí)，主語是以aim,ambition,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,purpose,suggestion,wish,task,dream,goal,decision等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容。一般來說，動(dòng)詞不定式作表語往往表示具體的某個(gè)動(dòng)作，多表示將來。1.表示目的。(2021·全國乙卷)Thefirststepistogoexploring.第一步是去探索。2.表示事態(tài)發(fā)展的結(jié)果、預(yù)期的結(jié)果、不幸的命運(yùn)或預(yù)言。Youmustspeakout,ifwearetoremainfriends.如果我們還想繼續(xù)做朋友的話.你就必須暢所欲言。Youaretodieatninety-eight.你會(huì)在98歲時(shí)去世。3.用于第一人稱疑問句.表示征求意見。WhatamItodoifIhavenomoney?如果沒有錢.我該怎么辦呢？4.用于被動(dòng)語態(tài).相當(dāng)于can/could,should,oughtto,must.具有情態(tài)意義。Youaretoberewarded.你應(yīng)該受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。(should)5.表示“同意、安排、命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止”等。Theyaretomarrynextweek.他們將在下周結(jié)婚。(安排)Childrenarenottosmoke.兒童不準(zhǔn)吸煙。(禁止)6.可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Agreatdealisyettodo.還有許多事要做。Somethingisstilltofindout.有些東西還有待查明?！炯磳W(xué)即練1】完成句子①(2021·浙江卷)Findingasmallneighbourhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.在一個(gè)遼闊的國家里找一個(gè)小社區(qū)被證明是不可能的。②WhatamItosayiftheyaskmethequestion?要是他們問我這個(gè)問題.我該怎么回答呢？③Thesebooksarenottobesold.這些書不應(yīng)該賣掉。④Inmyopinion,sheistoblame.依我看.她應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。二、不定式與動(dòng)名詞、分詞作表語的區(qū)別不定式表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作.而動(dòng)名詞表示通常的情況。表示事物的特征或性質(zhì)時(shí).表語用現(xiàn)在分詞；表示人的內(nèi)心感受時(shí).表語用過去分詞。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的夢(mèng)想是考入北京大學(xué)。(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.我16歲時(shí)的第一份工作是在尤凱亞圖書館工作。Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.他們對(duì)現(xiàn)在的工作很滿意。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.請(qǐng)描述一只令人害怕的狗?！炯磳W(xué)即練2】完成句子①M(fèi)yjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你們英語。②Hisdreamistobeadoctorafterhegrowsup.他的夢(mèng)想是長大后當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。三、主語帶do.表語省略to的情況當(dāng)主語部分有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí).用作表語的不定式可以省略to。Allyoudonowis(to)pletetheform.你現(xiàn)在要做的是把這張表填好。WhatI’lldois(to)tellherthetruth.我要做的就是告訴她真相?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】不定式作表語主要有三種情況：一是用于seem,appear,prove,turnout等連系動(dòng)詞之后的不定式(尤其是tobe)；二是用于表示主語與表語“等價(jià)”的情形.如：Myjobistosweepthefloor.(我的工作就是擦地板)；三是表示想法、約定、義務(wù)、命令、可能性、命運(yùn)等?！炯磳W(xué)即練3】單句語法填空①M(fèi)yambitionistowork(work)intheputerindustrywhenIgrowup.②WhatIwanttodois(to)work(work)intheputerindustrywhenIgrowup.③Themostimportantthingthatyouneedtodois(to)conquer(conquer)yourself.④Themostimportantthingistoget(get)thispanyrunningsmoothly.三、單句語法填空：1.Themottoofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromaseriousdiseasewas__________(live)everydaymerrily.2.WhatIwouldsuggestis__________(put)offtheoutgoingduetotheterribleweather.3.Thoughtheconditionwashard,theonlythingIcandois__________(concentrate)onmystudy.

4.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople__________(wash)theirhandswithsoapandwater.5.Allhewantedafteratiringdaywas__________(leave)alonewithouttellinganyone.6.Thepurposeofthisraceis__________(inspire)usstudentstopaymoreattentiontophysicalexercise.7.Istudyextremelyhard.Myfinalaimis__________(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.8.Thepresentsituationinthecountrysideseems__________(improve)daybyday.9.Althoughthepresentsituationisn’tverygood,yourhardworkis__________(reward)inthefuture.10.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains__________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.11.AllIwanttodois__________(make)moneyandbuyahouseofmyowninthebigcity.12.Shewasborninapoorfamilyandwantedtochangethesituation.Herdreamwas__________(admit)byakeyuniversity.13.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesis__________(make)lifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.14.WhatIwanttodonowis__________(express)mythanksforyoutooffermethejob.15.Ourdifficultywefaceatpresentishow__________(find)thesolution.16.Maryseemed__________(tell)aboutthebadnewswhensheenteredthemeetingroom.17.Ifeelthatitisyourhusbandis__________(blame)forthespoiledchild.18.Itremain___________(see)whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.19.Thenextstepis__________(make)surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.20.Thepurposeofeducationis__________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.21.Hewas__________(perish)inashipwreckand__________(leave)awifeandtwochildren.22.Youmustspeakoutwhatyouthink,ifweare__________(remain)friends.23.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouare__________(succeed).24.Ourgoalaseducatorsis__________(inspire)studentstopursuetheirpassionsandachievetheirdreams.25.Yourtaskthismorningis__________(inform)allthegueststhatthecelebrationwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday.26.Theaimofthetechnologyis__________(save)timeandhelpcitiestransformthetransportationsystems.27.Hisjobistakingnotesoftheparticipants’speeches,whilehistaskatthatmomentwas__________(prepare)thenecessaryfacilities.28.TolistentoTanDun’smusicis__________(experience)amixofChinesemusicaltraditionsandWesterninfluences.29.Thepurposeoftheprojectwas__________(improve)thetrafficconditioninthiscity.30.Whenyouarefacedwithaseriousdecision,mysuggestionis___________(listen)toyourinnervoice.31.Thegoalofthefundis___________(invest)inscholarshipsthathelpstudentspletetheireducation.32.Thepurposeoftheprogramsupportedbythegovernmentis___________(generate)alotofnewjobs.33.Dr.ZhongNanshanthinksthatthedoctors’dutyis___________(treat)patientsandsavetheirlives.34.Thefirstthingthesoldierwantedtodoafterthewarwas___________(go)backtohisfamily.35.GiventhatthethemeoftheExpowas___________(promote)culturalexchangeandstrengthenmutualcooperation,Dunhuangwastheidealplace.36.Sometimesyouseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou,whichseems____________(disappear)ifyouturnyourheadinitsdirection.37.AccordingtoWuGuanzhong,hisgoalasanartistwas___________(bine)WesternprinciplesofartwithChinesespirit.38.Oneofmybiggestdreamshasalwaysbeen___________(see)thepaintingGirlwithaPearlEarring.39.TolistentoTan’smusicis____________(experience)amixofChinesemusicaltraditionsandWesterninfluences.40.Moreandmorepeoplecametounderstandtheideathattomaintainthebiodiversityis___________(promote)sustainabledevelopment.41.OneofthewaystoimproveyourspokenEnglishis___________(practice)itforhalfanhoureverymorning.42.Itremains____________(see)whetherMengWanzhou,chieffinancialofficerofHuaweiTechnologiesCo.,Ltd.,willbereleasedunconditionally.43.Thecashthepanyhasrecentlyreceivedfromthegovernmentisnotenoughtocoverthedebtremaining___________(pay).44.Beingadocileson,Ididn’targuewithmyparentswhenIwasinelementaryschoolandallIhadtodowas___________(keep)myroomtidyeverytimeattheirsuggestions.45.Difficultasrumoursonsocialmediaare____________(prevent),thegovernmentwillstepupsupervision(監(jiān)管)sothatpeoplewillnotbeeasilymisled.46.Morethanoneboyofyourmembersistoactintheshortplay,whichis____________(perform)tomorrow.47.Ashewasn’tatthescene,thepolicemancouldn’tdecideforamomentwhowas___________(blame)fortheserioustrafficaccident.48.Withoutfacts,wecan’tformacorrectopinion,forweneedtohaveactualknowledgeonwhich___________(base)ourthinking.49.Lostinthemountainsforthreedays,whatthethreemenwereabletodowas___________(expect)thehelpofhelicopters.50.HeletmewritedownhisinstructionstomakesurethatIwouldknowwhatwas____________(do)afterhewentaway.【答案】Key:1.tolive2.toput3.toconcentrate4.towash5.toleave6.toinspire7.togo8.tobeimproving9.toberewarded10.tobeseen11.(to)make12.tobeadmitted13.tomake14.toexpress15.tofind16.tohavebeentold17.toblame18.tobeseen19.tomake20.todevelop21.toperish;toleave22.toremain23.tosucceed24.toinspire25.toinform26.tosave27.toprepare28.toexperience29.toimprove30.tolisten31.toinvest32.togenerate33.totreat34.togo35.topromote36.todisappear37.tobine38.tosee39.toexperience40.topromote41.topractice42.tobeseen43.tobepaid44.(to)keep45.toprevent46.tobeperformed47.toblame48.tobase49.(to)expect50.tobedone四、高考真題回顧：1.(重慶卷34)Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems_________(go)wrongwithit.2.(浙江卷32)Expertsthinkwewon’thavecleanwatertodrinkunlesssomethingisdonesoon,butmuchremains__________(do)aboutenvironmentprotection.【答案與解析】1.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就是不轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。好像它已經(jīng)壞了。根據(jù)上下文意思來看，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可能已經(jīng)“壞了”，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去。故填tohavegone。2.【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：專家認(rèn)為，除非盡快采取措施，否則我們將沒有干凈的水可以飲用，但在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面還有許多工作要做。句中主語是much，指“很多”工作，應(yīng)該考慮用被動(dòng)。故填tobedone。五、語篇語法填空：(1)It’sneverbeensoimportant1(spend)timeoutside,andthat’sbecauseit’stheonlyplacetoexperiencedifferentscenesorforthementalandphysicalgood2(provide)byfreshairandexercise.It’snotalwayseasytobe3(motivate),which,however,iswherenaturecollectingcanhelp.Startbylooking4(closely)attheflowersinyourgardenortreesonyourstreetthaneverbefore.Howmanyspeciesorunusual5(feature)canyouspot?Pickupafallenleaforexamineaprettyflower.Allowyourselftimetostop,breathe,switchonyoursensoryantenna(觸角)andconnectwiththebiggerpicture.Make6extraefforttolook,listen,smell,touchandtaste.Whenyouformnewhabits,whynotsetyourselfthechallengeofcollectingandidentifying100naturaltreasuresovertheseasons,7(use)somerelevantknowledge?Whenit8(e)todisplayingyourfinds,therearemanymethodstoexplore,fromcontainerdisplays,andpressed-flowerart9otherworksofart.Youcanalsotakephotosormakedrawingsofliveanimals,rareplantsorotheritems,10youthinkneedtostayinthewild,suchasseashellsandpebbles(鵝卵石)onthebeach.Makeitpersonaland,aboveall,enjoy!【解析】本文是一篇說明文。在戶外呼吸新鮮空氣和鍛煉身體對(duì)精神和身體都有好處，但有時(shí)這并不容易做到。文章主要介紹了通過收集自然界的東西以達(dá)到長時(shí)間待在戶外的目的。1.tospend考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。Itisimportanttodosth意為“做某事很重要”，為固定句型。故填tospend。2.provided考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，在句中作后置定語，修飾名詞good，且與被修飾詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。故填provided。3.motivated考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文“It'snotalwayseasytobe”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。故填motivated。4.moreclosely考查副詞的比較級(jí)。由句中的than可知，此處用比較級(jí)，表示“更仔細(xì)地看”。故填moreclosely。5.features考查名詞的數(shù)。feature為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填features。6.an考查冠詞。此處表示“多花點(diǎn)力氣做某事”，其短語為makeanextraefforttodosth。故填an。7.using考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，use在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語you構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填using。8.es考查固定句型。此處表示“當(dāng)提到做某事”，其句型為whenitestodoingsth。故填es。9.to考查介詞。此處表示“從……到……”，其短語為from...to...。故填to。10.which考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為items，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填which。(2)TraditionalartsandcraftsareoutstandingsamplesofChinese1(culture)heritage.ChinaDailyisrunningtheseries2(show)howmasterartisans(工匠)areusingdedicationandinnovationtoaddnewlifeintotheseageoldheritages.ZouYingzi,3expertofSuembroidery(刺繡)whichoriginates4thegardencityofSuzhouinJiangsuprovinceonce5(work)morethanoneyearonalargepieceofSuembroidery.Shesays“OnlywhenItaketheneedleoutandtouchthesilkthread,Ifeel6(full)fortable.”Justthedaybeforetheinterview,Apiece7(measure)aroundhalfametercantakeheroneyearandahalftoplete.Infact,fromZou’smothertohergrandmothers,allthewomeninherfamilyaregoodatneedlework,particularlySuembroidery,8featuresplexstitches(針腳)andthecreativeuseofsilkthreads9(dye)invariouscolors.Thanksto10(skill)embroiderers(刺繡工),theseelegantartsandcraftscanevolvetofitmodernChineselifestyles.【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國文化遺產(chǎn)的傳統(tǒng)工藝美術(shù)品——蘇繡。1.考查形容詞。句意：傳統(tǒng)工藝美術(shù)是中國文化遺產(chǎn)的優(yōu)秀代表。由空后heritage為名詞可知，此處為形容詞cultural作定語修飾該名詞，滿足句意要求。故填cultural。2.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：《中國日?qǐng)?bào)》正在播出這一系列節(jié)目，展示工匠大師如何用奉獻(xiàn)和創(chuàng)新為這些古老的遺產(chǎn)增添新的生命。分析句子可知，此處為動(dòng)詞不定式todo表示“為了……”作目的狀語，滿足句意要求。故填toshow。3.考查冠詞。句意：鄒英子，蘇繡專家，來自江蘇園林城市蘇州，曾經(jīng)花了一年多的時(shí)間制作一件大型蘇繡。根據(jù)句意以及空后expert為單數(shù)名詞可知，此處為表示泛指“一位專家”為泛指概念，結(jié)合expert為首音節(jié)元音單詞，所以為不定冠詞an的填入。故填an。4.考查介詞。句意：鄒英子，蘇繡專家，來自江蘇園林城市蘇州，曾經(jīng)花了一年多的時(shí)間制作一件大型蘇繡。分析句子可知，此處為固定短語originatefrom/in“發(fā)源于”，滿足句意要求。故填from/in。5.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：鄒英子，蘇繡專家，來自江蘇園林城市蘇州，曾經(jīng)花了一年多的時(shí)間制作一件大型蘇繡。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動(dòng)詞的填入，結(jié)合once可知，此處應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)。故填worked。6.考查副詞。句意：她說：“只有當(dāng)我把針拿出來，碰到絲線的時(shí)候，我才會(huì)感到非常舒服。”由副詞修飾形容詞可知，此處為副詞fully作狀語修飾形容詞fortable。故填fully。7.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：就在采訪前一天，一件半米左右的作品需要一年半的時(shí)間才能完成。分析句子可知，此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語修飾piece，piece和measure為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以為現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填measuring。8.考查定語從句。句意：事實(shí)上，從鄒的母親到她的祖母，她家里的所有女性都擅長針線活，尤其是蘇繡，它的特點(diǎn)是復(fù)雜的針法和創(chuàng)造性地使用各種顏色的絲線染色。分析句子可知，此處為關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞Suembroidery在從句中作主語成分。故填which。9.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：事實(shí)上，從鄒的母親到她的祖母，她家里的所有女性都擅長針線活，尤其是蘇繡，它的特點(diǎn)是復(fù)雜的針法和創(chuàng)造性地使用各種顏色的絲線染色。分析句子可知，此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語修飾silkthreads，silkthreads和dye為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以為過去分詞形式。故填dyed。10.考查形容詞。句意：由于熟練的刺繡師，這些優(yōu)雅的藝術(shù)和手工藝品可以演變?yōu)檫m應(yīng)現(xiàn)代中國人的生活方式。由空后embroiderers為名詞可知，此處為形容詞skilled/skillful/skillful“熟練的”作定語修飾該名詞，滿足句意要求。故填skilled/skillful/skillful。(3)AmongthemanyartsinChinaaretheperformingarts.Likepaintings,sculptures,carvingsandotherphysicalarts,theperformingartsinChinahavealonghistory.Theperformingartsrangefrommartialartslikekungfu1folksongsanddancesthatvarybyregionandarea.TheperformingartsinChinadatebacktoancienttimes2thetribes(部落)tookcontrolofthelandlongbeforetheculturebecamewelldeveloped.Asthecountrybegantounifyandchange,theperformingartsusedelementsofdifferenttribes3(create)harmoniousperformances.Theperformingarts4(find)inChinahaveconstantlygrown,developedandchangedwhilekeepingelementsoftheoriginalart.5(current),performingartslikesinging,actingandthetraditionalChineseOperaholdmanyelements.Theelements6(discover)infolksongsanddanceswithamodernchangethatincludesnewer7(instrument)andtechniques.Chinesearthas8uniqueaspectthatsetsitapartfromothercultures.Becauseseveralgenerationsspendlotsoftime9(develop)it,Chinesearthasadevelopedanduniquedesignthatisa10(significance)partofthecountry’shistory.【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹中國的表演藝術(shù)。1.考查介詞。句意：表演藝術(shù)涵蓋從武術(shù)，如功夫，到民歌和舞蹈，因地區(qū)和地區(qū)而異。rangefrom...to...是固定搭配，意為“范圍從……到……；從……到……都有”。故填to。2.考查定語從句。句意：中國的表演藝術(shù)可以追溯到古代，部落控制了土地，遠(yuǎn)在文化發(fā)達(dá)之前。分析句子可知，空格處單詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞ancienttimes，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，表示“在古代”，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)該從句。故填when。3.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著國家開始統(tǒng)一和變化，表演藝術(shù)利用不同部落的元素來創(chuàng)造和諧的表演?！?create)harmoniousperformances”是“usedelementsofdifferenttribes”的目的，用不定式作目的狀語。故填tocreate。4.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在中國發(fā)現(xiàn)的表演藝術(shù)在保持原始藝術(shù)元素的同時(shí)不斷成長、發(fā)展和變化?！?find)inChina”作后置定語，find(發(fā)現(xiàn))是非謂語動(dòng)詞，與其邏輯主語Theperformingarts之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞表被動(dòng)和完成。故填found。5.考查副詞。句意：目前，像唱歌、表演和中國傳統(tǒng)戲曲這樣的表演藝術(shù)包含了許多元素。提示詞作時(shí)間狀語，用副詞currently，意為“目前”，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Currently。6.考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這些元素是在民歌和舞蹈中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，具有現(xiàn)代變化，包括更新的樂器和技術(shù)。分析句子可知，discover(發(fā)現(xiàn))是主句謂語動(dòng)詞，與Theelements(這些元素)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意，描述一般性事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填arediscovered。7.考查名詞。句意：這些元素是在民歌和舞蹈中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，具有現(xiàn)代變化，包括更新的樂器和技術(shù)。提示詞作賓語，用名詞instrument，意為“樂器”，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞techniques是并列關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意，“更新的樂器和技術(shù)”都應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填instruments。8.考查冠詞。句意：中國藝術(shù)有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的方面，使它有別于其他文化?？蓴?shù)名詞aspect在句中表示“一個(gè)(獨(dú)特的)方面”，泛指，空格后單詞unique發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a。9.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由于幾代人花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間來發(fā)展它，中國藝術(shù)有一個(gè)成熟而獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)，是這個(gè)國家歷史的重要組成部分。spendsometime(in)doing...是固定搭配，意為“花時(shí)間做……”，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填developing。0.考查形容詞。句意：由于幾代人花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間來發(fā)展它，中國藝術(shù)有一個(gè)成熟而獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)，是這個(gè)國家歷史的重要組成部分。提示詞修飾名詞part，用形容詞significant作定語，意為“重要的”。故填significant。(4)TherootsoftraditionalChinesepaintingcandatebacktothepaintingsonancientpottery,suchasfiguresofanimals,plantsanddances,6,000—7,000yearsold.Sincesimilartoolsandlineswereused1theearliestpaintingandwriting,Chinesepainting2(say)tohavethesameoriginascalligraphy.Thus,Chinesepaintinghasanoutstandingcharacteristic—poetryorcalligraphyisusedinpaintings,givingpeopleakeenerenjoymentof3(beautiful).Manymurals(壁畫),paintings4(do)onwallsordecorativepaintings,canbeseenintombsoftheHan,Tangandother5(dynasty).GuKaizhi,afamouspainteroftheJinDynasty,wasgoodat6(present)historicalthemes.TheTangpainter,WuDaozi,wasanexpertatfigureandscenepainting.TheTangpainters,LiSixunandLiZhaodao,7werefatherandson,usedmineralstopaintscenery.Flower-and-birdpaintingisalsoanimportanttypeoftraditionalChinesepainting.Contemporarypaintershavespecialties.Someonlypaintfiguresofladies,andsomeonlypaintanimals,8evenonekindofanimal.Asaresult,themoretheypaint,the9(good)theirpaintingsbee.ExhibitionsoftheChinesepaintinghavebeenheld10(active).Artgalleriesaroundtheworldholdsuchexhibitionsyearinyearout.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國繪畫的起源和特色，以及一些著名畫家的繪畫特色。1.for考查介詞。短語beusedfor意為“被用來”。故填for。2.issaid考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。此處陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語為Chinesepainting，be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填issaid。3.beauty考查名詞?？仗幾髻e語，表示“美感”，應(yīng)用名詞beauty，表抽象概念，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填beauty。4.done考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，do在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與主語paintings構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填done。5.dynasties考查名詞的數(shù)。dynasty為可數(shù)名詞；根據(jù)上文“theHan,Tangandother”可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填dynasties。6.presenting考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。present作介詞at的賓語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填presenting。7.who考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是LiSixunandLiZhaodao，指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填who。8.or考查固定短語。此處表示“甚至”，其短語為oreven。故填or。9.better考查固定句型。此處為“the＋比較級(jí)...,the＋比較級(jí)...”句型，表示“越……越……”。故填better。10.actively考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞held應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。故填actively。(5)MoreChinese,especiallyyoungpeople,arechoosinglightmealswithfewercarbohydrates(碳水化合物)andmorevegetables.Thistrendshowsthefact1anxietyoverappearanceisincreasinginsociety,butitalsoshowsincreasedinterest2healthierlifestyles.Jokingly3(refer)tobyyoungpeopleas“chewinggrass”