高考英語一輪復習練案35選修6Module5Cloning練習含解析外研版

一輪復習精品資料(高中)PAGEPAGE1選修六Module5CloningⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·河南省九師聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢)AsspringadvancesacrosstheMidwest,anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.Thestudy—ledbyresearchersatIndianaUniversityandMichiganStateUniversity—hasshownwarmingtemperaturesaffectnativeandnon-nativefloweringplantsdifferently,whichcouldchangethelookoflocalplaceovertime.“Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.Ourdatamakesmeworrythatwewillhaveaveryweedyworldinourfuture，”saidthestudy'sleadauthorJenLau,anassociateprofessorinIndianaUniversity.Theresearchers'findingssuggestnon-nativeplantsmaybebetteratshiftingtheirfloweringtimecomparedtonativeplants.Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.Lauandherstudentssimulated(模擬)globalwarminginfieldsplantedwith45nativeandnon-nativeplants.Someareaswerewarmedbyinfrared(紅外線的)heaters,whileotherareaswerenot.Lau'slabsurveyedallplantstodeterminewhentheyfirstfloweredandhowlongtheyflowered.WhenplantsweregrowninwarmedplotssimulatingtheclimatechangeexpectedintheMidwestbytheendofthecentury,theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.Theyalsofoundearlier-floweringnon-nativeplantshadgreatergeographicspread,suggestingthatfloweringearliermayhelppromotesuccessfuloccupationacrosslargeareas.Thefindingssuggestimportantdifferencesinhownativeandnon-nativeplantsrespondtoclimatechange.文章大意：本文是一篇科普說明文。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，本土植物比非本土植物更易受氣候變化的影響。1．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutnativeplantscomparedwithnon-natives？DA．Theymayhavealongerlifecycle.B．Theyarelikelytohavemoreflowers.C．Theyaremoreadaptabletoclimatechange.D．Theymaybeatgreaterriskfromclimatechange.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“...anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.”可知，跟非本土植物相比，氣候變化給本土植物帶來的危險更大。故選D。2．WhatdoJenLau'swordsinparagraph2suggest？CA．She'squitesurethataweedyworldiswaitingforus.B．Plantsmaylosetheabilitytoflowerinthefuture.C．Thetimingofaplant'sfloweringiskeytoitslifecycle.D．Aplant'sfloweringtimealmosthasnoeffectonitspollination.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“‘Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.’”可知，植物的開花時間決定了它是否會被蜜蜂授粉以及它將有多少時間來產(chǎn)生種子。由此可推斷，植物的開花時間是它生命周期的關(guān)鍵。故選C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifting”inparagraph3probablymean？AA．Changing. B．Postponing.C．Arranging. D．Predicting.〖解析〗詞意猜測題。畫線詞所在句子句意表示“研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明非本土植物可能比本土植物更擅長它們的開花時間”，再根據(jù)第五段“...theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.”可推斷，畫線詞義為“改變”。故選A。4．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？BA．Howglobalwarmingaffectedplantspecies.B．Howtheresearcherstestedtheirsupposition.C．Howtokeepthewarmthoftheplantedfields.D．Howtodeterminethefloweringtimesofplants.〖解析〗段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.”及第四段中提到“模擬全球變暖”和“用紅外線加熱器”等可推斷，第四段主要講述的是研究人員是如何測試他們的假設的。故選B。BNewresearchshowsthatpeoplewithblueeyeshaveasingle,commonancestor.AteamattheUniversityofCopenhagenhavetrackeddownageneticmutation(突變)whichtookplace6,000－10,000yearsagoandisthecauseottheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.“Originally,weallhadbrowneyes，”saidProfessorHansEiberg.“ButageneticmutationaffectingtheOCA2gene(基因)inourbodyresultedinthecreationofaswitch,whichliterallyturnedofftheabilitytoproducebrowneyes.”TheOCA2genecodesfortheso-calledPprotein,whichisinvolvedintheproductionofmelanin(黑色素)．Itgivescolourtoourhair,eyesandskin.Theswitch,whichislocatedinthegeneclosetoOCA2,doesnot,however,turnoffthegeneentirely,butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball—effectivelyturningbrowneyestoblue.TheeffectoftheswitchonOCA2isveryspecifictherefore.IftheOCA2genehadbeencompletelydestroyedorturnedoff,humanbeingswouldbewithoutmelaninintheirhair,eyesorskincolour.Variationinthecolouroftheeyesfrombrowntogreencanallbeexplainedbytheamountofmelaninintheeyeball,butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.“Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，”saysProfessorEiberg.“Theyhaveallinherited(繼承)thesameswitchatexactlythesamespotintheirDNA.”Brown-eyedindividuals,bycontrast,haveconsiderableindividualvariationintheareaoftheirDNAthatcontrolsmelaninproduction.Themutationofbrowneyestobluerepresentsneitherapositivenoranegativemutation.Itisoneofseveralmutationssuchashaircolour,baldness,andbeautyspots,whichneitherincreasesnorreducesahuman'schanceofsurvival.AsProfessorEibergsays,“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了基因突變是如何改變?nèi)藗冄劬Φ念伾摹?．WhatisthefindingofProfessorHansEiberg'steam？DA．Theeyecolourcanbechangedbyadjustinggenestoday.B．Blue-eyedpeoplehavesurvivedduetotheirspecialgenes.C．Theeyecolourcanhelpdiscoverwhatpeople'sancestorswere.D．Ageneticmutationleadstothechangeofpeople'seyecolour.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“ageneticmutation(突變)．..isthecauseoftheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.”可知，HansEiberg教授團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)基因突變導致人類眼睛顏色的改變。故選D。6．Whatcanwelearnabout“theswitch”fromParagraph3？CA．Itproducesmelanindirectly.B．Itcanbelimitedbyothergenes.C．Ithelpsproducelessmelanin.D．IthelpsOCA2functioninourbody.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Theswitch...butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball”可知，它有助于產(chǎn)生較少的黑色素。故選C。7．Whycanweconcludeallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor？DA．Theyhavealmostthesamegene.B．Theyhavemorevariationingenes.C．Theyhavemoremelaninintheireyes.D．Theyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelanin.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.‘Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，’”可知，在他們的眼睛的黑色素數(shù)量上他們有著較少程度的改變是我們得出所有藍色眼睛的人有共同祖先的原因。故選D。8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus？AA．Natureaffectsourgenes.B．Onlythefittestcansurvive.C．Wearedecidedbyourgenes.D．Somegeneticmutationsarepointless.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso”可推知，自然影響著我們的基因。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。(2020·四川省天府名校聯(lián)考)Isourplanetheatingup?Arehumanbeingstoblameforclimatechange?1.GThediscussiononthissubjecthasbeenheated,butwhatarescientistsactuallysaying?AtReader'sDigest,wedecidedtofinditout.2.BYes,ithas,andevenwarmer.Greenlandwasforestedbetween450,000and800,000yearsago,sotemperatureswereconsiderablywarmerthen.Therehavealsobeenothertimesofrelativelyhightemperatures.Sowhydoestheconcernexist?It'sallaboutthespeedatwhichtemperaturesarechanging.3.EButinthe20thand21stcenturies,especiallysince1976,temperatureshaveprobablyrisenmorequicklythanduringanycenturyinthepast1,000years.WarmingmaybringimprovedcropproductionandotherbenefitstonortherncountriessuchasCanadaorRussia.However,manyspeciesmaynotadapttotheseconditions,andtheonethatisabletomaycauseaproblem.4.FTheWestNilevirus,firstseeninNorthAmericanineyearsago,infectedabout4,000peopleintheUSin2006.Themountainpinebeetle,whichisactiveduringwarmerwinters,hasalreadydestroyedabout13millionhectaresofCanada'sforests,worthanestimated$6.4billion.Whatiscausingthewarming?IPCChasconcludedthathumanactivityisverylikelyresponsible,byincreasingtheconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesandthusthegreenhouseeffect.5.ATheyarguethehumancontributionisnothing.A．Somescientists,however,stilldisagree.B．Hastheplaneteverbeenthiswarmbefore?C．Hashumanbehaviormadetheplanetwarm?D．Temperatureshavebeenchangingallthetime.E．Inthepast,temperaturesmovedupordowngradually.F．Mosquitoeshavebeenmovingnorthwardstohigherplaces.G．Thesequestionshaveburstintonewspapers,filmsandpopularbooks.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。主要內(nèi)容是科學家關(guān)注引起氣候變暖的真正原因，及對該問題的討論?！冀馕觥?．根據(jù)前文提出的兩個問題可知，G選項中的thesequestions指代前文的兩個問題；再根據(jù)下文可知，關(guān)于“氣候變暖”的問題討論一直很熱烈，G選項中提到“氣候變暖這些問題在報紙、電影和書籍中都提到過?！?，由此可知，G選項能承接上下文，故選G。2．根據(jù)下文的Yes,ithas,andevenwarmer.(是的，有，而且更暖和。)，可知此句是答語，由ithas也可推知，問句的部分包含has助動詞，B項符合這個要求，且語義(地球以前有過這么溫暖嗎？)承接下文，故選B。3．根據(jù)上下文可知，此處強調(diào)的是氣候的變化，且E選項中的temperatures和上下文呼應，且語境承接上下文，故選E。4．根據(jù)前文的manyspecies(許多物種)可知，此處用“Mosquitoes”進行舉例說明，因為一些物種無法適應這種環(huán)境，所以蚊子向北移到較高的地方，故F項承接上文，故選F。5．根據(jù)上下文可知，政府間氣候變化專門委員會得出結(jié)論，人類活動很可能是罪魁禍首，因為人類活動增加了溫室氣體的濃度，從而造成了溫室效應。然而，一些科學家仍然不同意。他們認為人類的貢獻微不足道。故A項承接上下文，且呼應本文主題，故選A。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,1.orbiologicalengineering,aspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopic2.discussed(discuss)bypeople.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwo3.killers(kill)．Andtodate,doctorshavenotfound4.an/anyeffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnology5.isapplied(apply),notonlycanthesetwodiseasesbecuredcompletely,6.bringing(bring)happinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespentoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,so7.itbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespan(壽命)canbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheEnglishimperial(皇室)familybeingagoodexample,havehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,8.whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases,9.butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblem10.perfectly(perfect)．Thescientistjustneedstofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.文章大意：本文介紹了基因技術(shù)，詳細講述了基因技術(shù)的好處。〖解析〗1．考查連詞。句意：在所有快速增長的科技中，對于基因的研究或生物工程，越來越吸引人們的注意力。故填or“或者”。2．考查非謂語動詞。句意：有時這是個被人們討論的熱門話題。故填過去分詞discussed作后置定語，與topic之間是被動關(guān)系。3．考查名詞。句意：每年有兩大殺手。根據(jù)第二段第一句話提到“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.”癌癥和心臟病是兩大殺手。故填killers。4．考查冠詞。句意：到目前為止，醫(yī)生還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)一個/任何有效的方法來治愈。故填an/anyeffectiveway“一個/任何有效的方法”。5．考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：如果基因技術(shù)被應用，不僅這兩大疾病能完全治愈……。apply和thegenetechnology是動賓關(guān)系。故填isapplied。6．考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果基因技術(shù)被應用，不僅這兩大疾病能完全治愈，給病人帶來幸?！，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填bringing。7．考查代詞。句意：因此它也能使經(jīng)濟受益。故填代詞it代指基因技術(shù)被應用。8．考查非限制性定語從句。句意：這就意味著他們的孩子有遺傳病，對于許多家庭來說這是個大的麻煩。故填which引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，指代主句內(nèi)容。9．考查連詞。句意：過去人們對遺傳性疾病束手無策，而基因技術(shù)能夠解決這個問題?？涨昂髢删湓捠寝D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。10．考查副詞。句意：而基因技術(shù)能夠很好地解決這個問題。副詞修飾動詞solve。故填perfectly。Ⅳ.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2020·惠州市第一次調(diào)研)LastFriday,wewerehavingourclasswhileourteacherMissLisuddenlyslippedandfallontheground.Allthestudentswereconcernabouther.Helpedbysomestudents,Icarriedheronbacktotheclinicimmediately.Herleftlegwasturnedouttobebrokenandshehadtostayinhospitalforhalfamonth.Thefollowingday,wepaidavisitforherwithflowersandfruits.Seeherlegwrappedinbandage,allofusfeltsorryforher,hopingshewouldrecoversoon.Unexpectedly,onlyfivedayslate,MissLireturnedtotheclassonawheelchairtogiveuslessons.Weweredeepmoved,allrisingtoapplaudher.〖答案〗LastFriday,wewerehavingourclasseq\o(while,\s\do8(when))ourteacherMissLisuddenlyslippedandeq\o(fall,\s\do8(fell))ontheground.Allthestudentswereeq\o(concern,\s\do8(concerned))abouther.Helpedbysomestudents,Icarriedheroneq\o(∧,\s\do8(my/the))backtotheclinicimmediately.Herleftlegwasturnedouttobebrokenandshehadtostayinhospitalforhalfamonth.Thefollowingday,wepaidavisiteq\o(for,\s\do8(to))herwithflowersandfruits.eq\o(See,\s\do8(Seeing))herlegwrappedineq\o(bandage,\s\do8(bandages))，allofusfeltsorryforher,hopingshewouldrecoversoon.Unexpectedly,onlyfivedayseq\o(late,\s\do8(later))，MissLireturnedtotheclassonawheelchairtogiveuslessons.Wewereeq\o(deep,\s\do8(deeply))moved,allrisingtoapplaudher.〖解析〗1．考查固定句型。bedoingsth.when...表示“正在做某事，這時(突然)……”。故將while改為when。2．考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的“LastFriday”可知，該處陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情。故將fall改一般過去時fell。3．考查固定用法。beconcernedaboutsb.意為“擔心某人”。故將concern改為concerned。4．考查固定搭配。onone's/theback意為“在某人的背上”。故添加my/the。5．考查動詞語態(tài)。turnouttobe為固定搭配，意為“結(jié)果是；證明是”，此處不用被動語態(tài)。故刪除was。6．考查介詞。payavisitto是固定搭配，意為“拜訪；參觀；訪問”。故將for改為to。7．考查非謂語動詞?？吹剿耐壬瞎噹В覀兌紴樗械诫y過，希望她快點康復。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語allofus和動詞see之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，該處表示伴隨。故改現(xiàn)在分詞seeing作時間狀語。8．考查名詞復數(shù)。bandage為可數(shù)名詞，其前沒有限定詞修飾。故應將bandage改為bandages。9．考查副詞。未曾料到的是，僅僅五天后李老師坐著輪椅回到班級給我們上課了。later意為“后來；以后”。故將late改為later。知識儲備：late、later和lately的用法區(qū)別：late是形容詞，也可作副詞，表示“遲；晚”；lately是副詞，表示“最近；近來”；later是副詞，表示“后來；以后”，也可作形容詞，僅用于名詞前，表示“較晚時候的；以后的”。10．考查副詞。該詞修飾后面的形容詞moved。故改副詞形式deeply，表示“深深地”。選修六Module5CloningⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·河南省九師聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢)AsspringadvancesacrosstheMidwest,anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.Thestudy—ledbyresearchersatIndianaUniversityandMichiganStateUniversity—hasshownwarmingtemperaturesaffectnativeandnon-nativefloweringplantsdifferently,whichcouldchangethelookoflocalplaceovertime.“Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.Ourdatamakesmeworrythatwewillhaveaveryweedyworldinourfuture，”saidthestudy'sleadauthorJenLau,anassociateprofessorinIndianaUniversity.Theresearchers'findingssuggestnon-nativeplantsmaybebetteratshiftingtheirfloweringtimecomparedtonativeplants.Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.Lauandherstudentssimulated(模擬)globalwarminginfieldsplantedwith45nativeandnon-nativeplants.Someareaswerewarmedbyinfrared(紅外線的)heaters,whileotherareaswerenot.Lau'slabsurveyedallplantstodeterminewhentheyfirstfloweredandhowlongtheyflowered.WhenplantsweregrowninwarmedplotssimulatingtheclimatechangeexpectedintheMidwestbytheendofthecentury,theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.Theyalsofoundearlier-floweringnon-nativeplantshadgreatergeographicspread,suggestingthatfloweringearliermayhelppromotesuccessfuloccupationacrosslargeareas.Thefindingssuggestimportantdifferencesinhownativeandnon-nativeplantsrespondtoclimatechange.文章大意：本文是一篇科普說明文。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，本土植物比非本土植物更易受氣候變化的影響。1．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutnativeplantscomparedwithnon-natives？DA．Theymayhavealongerlifecycle.B．Theyarelikelytohavemoreflowers.C．Theyaremoreadaptabletoclimatechange.D．Theymaybeatgreaterriskfromclimatechange.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“...anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.”可知，跟非本土植物相比，氣候變化給本土植物帶來的危險更大。故選D。2．WhatdoJenLau'swordsinparagraph2suggest？CA．She'squitesurethataweedyworldiswaitingforus.B．Plantsmaylosetheabilitytoflowerinthefuture.C．Thetimingofaplant'sfloweringiskeytoitslifecycle.D．Aplant'sfloweringtimealmosthasnoeffectonitspollination.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“‘Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.’”可知，植物的開花時間決定了它是否會被蜜蜂授粉以及它將有多少時間來產(chǎn)生種子。由此可推斷，植物的開花時間是它生命周期的關(guān)鍵。故選C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifting”inparagraph3probablymean？AA．Changing. B．Postponing.C．Arranging. D．Predicting.〖解析〗詞意猜測題。畫線詞所在句子句意表示“研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明非本土植物可能比本土植物更擅長它們的開花時間”，再根據(jù)第五段“...theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.”可推斷，畫線詞義為“改變”。故選A。4．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？BA．Howglobalwarmingaffectedplantspecies.B．Howtheresearcherstestedtheirsupposition.C．Howtokeepthewarmthoftheplantedfields.D．Howtodeterminethefloweringtimesofplants.〖解析〗段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.”及第四段中提到“模擬全球變暖”和“用紅外線加熱器”等可推斷，第四段主要講述的是研究人員是如何測試他們的假設的。故選B。BNewresearchshowsthatpeoplewithblueeyeshaveasingle,commonancestor.AteamattheUniversityofCopenhagenhavetrackeddownageneticmutation(突變)whichtookplace6,000－10,000yearsagoandisthecauseottheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.“Originally,weallhadbrowneyes，”saidProfessorHansEiberg.“ButageneticmutationaffectingtheOCA2gene(基因)inourbodyresultedinthecreationofaswitch,whichliterallyturnedofftheabilitytoproducebrowneyes.”TheOCA2genecodesfortheso-calledPprotein,whichisinvolvedintheproductionofmelanin(黑色素)．Itgivescolourtoourhair,eyesandskin.Theswitch,whichislocatedinthegeneclosetoOCA2,doesnot,however,turnoffthegeneentirely,butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball—effectivelyturningbrowneyestoblue.TheeffectoftheswitchonOCA2isveryspecifictherefore.IftheOCA2genehadbeencompletelydestroyedorturnedoff,humanbeingswouldbewithoutmelaninintheirhair,eyesorskincolour.Variationinthecolouroftheeyesfrombrowntogreencanallbeexplainedbytheamountofmelaninintheeyeball,butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.“Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，”saysProfessorEiberg.“Theyhaveallinherited(繼承)thesameswitchatexactlythesamespotintheirDNA.”Brown-eyedindividuals,bycontrast,haveconsiderableindividualvariationintheareaoftheirDNAthatcontrolsmelaninproduction.Themutationofbrowneyestobluerepresentsneitherapositivenoranegativemutation.Itisoneofseveralmutationssuchashaircolour,baldness,andbeautyspots,whichneitherincreasesnorreducesahuman'schanceofsurvival.AsProfessorEibergsays,“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了基因突變是如何改變?nèi)藗冄劬Φ念伾摹?．WhatisthefindingofProfessorHansEiberg'steam？DA．Theeyecolourcanbechangedbyadjustinggenestoday.B．Blue-eyedpeoplehavesurvivedduetotheirspecialgenes.C．Theeyecolourcanhelpdiscoverwhatpeople'sancestorswere.D．Ageneticmutationleadstothechangeofpeople'seyecolour.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“ageneticmutation(突變)．..isthecauseoftheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.”可知，HansEiberg教授團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)基因突變導致人類眼睛顏色的改變。故選D。6．Whatcanwelearnabout“theswitch”fromParagraph3？CA．Itproducesmelanindirectly.B．Itcanbelimitedbyothergenes.C．Ithelpsproducelessmelanin.D．IthelpsOCA2functioninourbody.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Theswitch...butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball”可知，它有助于產(chǎn)生較少的黑色素。故選C。7．Whycanweconcludeallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor？DA．Theyhavealmostthesamegene.B．Theyhavemorevariationingenes.C．Theyhavemoremelaninintheireyes.D．Theyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelanin.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.‘Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，’”可知，在他們的眼睛的黑色素數(shù)量上他們有著較少程度的改變是我們得出所有藍色眼睛的人有共同祖先的原因。故選D。8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus？AA．Natureaffectsourgenes.B．Onlythefittestcansurvive.C．Wearedecidedbyourgenes.D．Somegeneticmutationsarepointless.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso”可推知，自然影響著我們的基因。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。(2020·四川省天府名校聯(lián)考)Isourplanetheatingup?Arehumanbeingstoblameforclimatechange?1.GThediscussiononthissubjecthasbeenheated,butwhatarescientistsactuallysaying?AtReader'sDigest,wedecidedtofinditout.2.BYes,ithas,andevenwarmer.Greenlandwasforestedbetween450,000and800,000yearsago,sotemperatureswereconsiderablywarmerthen.Therehavealsobeenothertimesofrelativelyhightemperatures.Sowhydoestheconcernexist?It'sallaboutthespeedatwhichtemperaturesarechanging.3.EButinthe20thand21stcenturies,especiallysince1976,temperatureshaveprobablyrisenmorequicklythanduringanycenturyinthepast1,000years.WarmingmaybringimprovedcropproductionandotherbenefitstonortherncountriessuchasCanadaorRussia.However,manyspeciesmaynotadapttotheseconditions,andtheonethatisabletomaycauseaproblem.4.FTheWestNilevirus,firstseeninNorthAmericanineyearsago,infectedabout4,000peopleintheUSin2006.Themountainpinebeetle,whichisactiveduringwarmerwinters,hasalreadydestroyedabout13millionhectaresofCanada'sforests,worthanestimated$6.4billion.Whatiscausingthewarming?IPCChasconcludedthathumanactivityisverylikelyresponsible,byincreasingtheconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesandthusthegreenhouseeffect.5.ATheyarguethehumancontributionisnothing.A．Somescientists,however,stilldisagree.B．Hastheplaneteverbeenthiswarmbefore?C．Hashumanbehaviormadetheplanetwarm?D．Temperatureshavebeenchangingallthetime.E．Inthepast,temperaturesmovedupordowngradually.F．Mosquitoeshavebeenmovingnorthwardstohigherplaces.G．Thesequestionshaveburstintonewspapers,filmsandpopularbooks.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。主要內(nèi)容是科學家關(guān)注引起氣候變暖的真正原因，及對該問題的討論。〖解析〗1．根據(jù)前文提出的兩個問題可知，G選項中的thesequestions指代前文的兩個問題；再根據(jù)下文可知，關(guān)于“氣候變暖”的問題討論一直很熱烈，G選項中提到“氣候變暖這些問題在報紙、電影和書籍中都提到過。”，由此可知，G選項能承接上下文，故選G。2．根據(jù)下文的Yes,ithas,andevenwarmer.(是的，有，而且更暖和。)，可知此句是答語，由ithas也可推知，問句的部分包含has助動詞，B項符合這個要求，且語義(地球以前有過這么溫暖嗎？)承接下文，故選B。3．根據(jù)上下文可知，此處強調(diào)的是氣候的變化，且E選項中的temperatures和上下文呼應，且語境承接上下文，故選E。4．根據(jù)前文的manyspecies(許多物種)可知，此處用“Mosquitoes”進行舉例說明，因為一些物種無法適應這種環(huán)境，所以蚊子向北移到較高的地方，故F項承接上文，故選F。5．根據(jù)上下文可知，政府間氣候變化專門委員會得出結(jié)論，人類活動很可能是罪魁禍首，因為人類活動增加了溫室氣體的濃度，從而造成了溫室效應。然而，一些科學家仍然不同意。他們認為人類的貢獻微不足道。故A項承接上下文，且呼應本文主題，故選A。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,1.orbiologicalengineering,aspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopic2.discussed(discuss)bypeople.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwo3.killers(kill)．Andtodate,doctorshavenotfound4.an/anyeffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnology5.isapplied(apply),notonlycanthesetwodiseasesbecuredcompletely,6.bringing(bring)happinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespentoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,so7.itbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespan(壽命)canbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheEnglishimperial(皇室)familybeingagoodexample,havehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,8.whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases,9.butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblem10.perfectly(perfect)．Thescientistjustneedstofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.文章大意：本文介紹了基因技術(shù)，詳細講述了基因技術(shù)的好處?！冀馕觥?．考查連詞。句意：在所有快速增長的科技中，對于基因的研究或生物工程，越來越吸引人們的注意力。故填or“或者”。2．考查非謂語動詞。句意：有時這是個被人們討論的熱門話題。故填過去分詞discussed作后置定語，與topic之間是被動關(guān)系。3．考查名詞。句意：每年有兩大殺手。根據(jù)第二段第一句話提到“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothing