山東省濰坊市高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)測(cè)試

高一英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthewomanstudy?A.Byrecordinglectures.B.Byhavingextraclasses.CByorganizingnotesafterclass.2.Whatdoesthemandotohelpthewoman?A.Lookforherglasses.B.Fillintheformforher.C.Readouttheformforher.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Performinginaplay.B.MakingFridayplans.C.Buyingticketsforashow.4.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.Ashop.B.Acinema.C.Arestaurant.5.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.WakeupMr.Jones.B.Informotherneighbors.C.Callthefirestation.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatexercisedoesthemanoftendoathome?A.Bodyweightexercises.B.Yoga.C.Jogging.7.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?A.Giveupusingtheapp.B.Trysomefreecoursesontheapp.C.BuyaVIPmembershipoftheapp.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.WhydidTinafailtocontactMikethroughavideocallyesterday?A.Hisphonewasbroken.B.Hisphonewaspoweredoff.C.Hisphonecouldn’treceiveavideocall.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’snewphone?A.Cheap.B.Outdated.C.Fancy.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Strangers.C.Coworkers.11.Howmuchdotheweightlosspillscost?A.$100.B.$110.C.$150.12.Whatdoesthewomanneedtodoaccordingtoherself?C.Tryanewdiet.B.Putonsomeweight.A.Buildmuscle.13.Howdoesthewomansound?C.Grateful.B.Interested.A.Annoyed.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutattendingoverseascamps?A.Expensive.B.Helpful.C.Challenging.15.Wheredoesthewomanprobablyefrom?A.Canada.B.England.C.China.16.Whatcampwillthewomanchooseforherkids?A.Asportscamp.B.Anartcamp.C.Awildernesscamp.17.Whowillthekidslivewithincamps?A.Theirparents.B.Thecampworkers.C.Thenatives.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Aspecialstatue.B.Anewkindoffish.C.Abeautifulriver.19.WhydidtheMalayPrincenametheisland“LionCity”?A.Hethoughthesawalionthen.B.Helearneditfromalegend.C.Helikedlionsverymuch.20.Whatisthespeakerprobably?A.Anagent.B.Areporter.C.Atourguide.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASummerisapproachingandwithit,festivalseason.TheseareEurope’sbestclassicalmusicfestivals,nottobemissed!BergenInternationalFestival,NorwayBergenFestivalwasestablishedtopromoteNordicartistsandhasbeethelargestfestivalofmusicandartsinScandinavia.Aswellasattractingworldclassperformers,itisspecialfortakingplaceinuniquehistoricalspotsintheheartofBergenanditscoastalsurrounds,includingNorwegianposerEdvardGrieg’sownhome,andthe13thcenturyKingHakon’sHall.June24July7,fib.noGranadaInternationalFestival,SpainIn2023,performancesbyIcelandicpianistsVíkingurOlafsson,PhilippeHerrewegheinmusicbyMozartandBeethovenareamongtheclassicalmusichighlights(亮點(diǎn)).Asinpreviousyears,thefestivalwillteamupwithUniversityofGranadatoinviteenormousstudentstotakepartintheManueldeFallaCourses.June21July19,granadafestival.orgVerbierFestival,SwitzerlandVerbierFestivalshowsfinemusicattheheartofthebeautifulSwissAlpseachsummerin2023.AswellasexperiencingthesefantasticperformersinsomeofthemostimpressivealpinesceneryEuropehastooffer,therealmagicofVerbieristhatitconnectsgreatmusiciansattheheightoftheircareerswithdeterminedyoungartists,throughtheVerbierFestivalAcademy.May14June30,verbierfestival.EdinburghInternationalFestival,ScotlandThere’sawonderfulatmosphereonthehistoricstreetsofEdinburghinAugust.In2023,thefestivalwelesviolinistNicolaBenedettiinherfirstyearasfestivaldirector.WewillalsoseeScottishChamberOrchestraandtheLondonSymphonyOrchestrafromclosertohome.223outstandingstudentsfromallovertheworldwilltakepartinit.August4August27,eif.Co.uk1.WhichofthefollowinghighlightstheBergenInternationalFestival?A.Thelocations. B.Theperformers.C.Theposers. D.Thecoastline.2.WhatdothefestivalsinSpainandScotlandhaveinmon?A.MusicbyMozart. B.Studentparticipation.C.Violinists’performances. D.Cooperationwithuniversities.3.Whichofthefollowingstartsearliest?A.VerbierFestival. B.BergenInternationalFestival.C.GranadaInternationalFestival. D.EdinburghInternationalFestival.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了不容錯(cuò)過(guò)的幾個(gè)歐洲最好的古典藝術(shù)節(jié)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BergenInternationalFestival,Norway部分中的“Aswellasattractingworldclassperformers,itisspecialfortakingplaceinuniquehistoricalspotsintheheartofBergenanditscoastalsurrounds,includingNorwegianposerEdvardGrieg’sownhome,andthe13thcenturyKingHakon’sHall.(除了吸引世界級(jí)的表演者，它的特別之處在于在卑爾根中心及其沿海地區(qū)獨(dú)特的歷史景點(diǎn)舉行，包括挪威作曲家愛(ài)德華·格里格自己的家，以及13世紀(jì)的哈康國(guó)王大廳。)”可知，BergenInternationalFestival的獨(dú)特之處在于其舉辦地點(diǎn)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GranadaInternationalFestival,Spain部分中的“Asinpreviousyears,thefestivalwillteamupwithUniversityofGranadatoinviteenormousstudentstotakepartintheManueldeFallaCourses.(與往年一樣，音樂(lè)節(jié)將與格拉納達(dá)大學(xué)合作，邀請(qǐng)眾多學(xué)生參加曼努埃爾·德·法拉課程。)”以及EdinburghInternationalFestival,Scotland部分中的“223outstandingstudentsfromallovertheworldwilltakepartinit.(來(lái)自世界各地的223名優(yōu)秀學(xué)生將參加。)”可知，西班牙藝術(shù)節(jié)和蘇格蘭藝術(shù)節(jié)的共同之處是這兩個(gè)藝術(shù)節(jié)都有學(xué)生的參與。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BergenInternationalFestival,Norway部分中的“June24July7(6月24日至7月7日)”；GranadaInternationalFestival,Spain部分中的“June21July19(6月21日至7月19日)”；VerbierFestival,Switzerland部分中的“May14June30(5月14日至6月30日)”以及EdinburghInternationalFestival,Scotland部分中的“August4August27(8月4日至8月27日)”可知，最早開(kāi)始的是VerbierFestival。故選A。BSakamotoRyuichi,whodiedonMarch28afteralongbattlewithcancer,oncedescribedhismusicalmethodthus:“Iopenmyearstotheworld.”ButwhatMr.Srakamotoheard,fewotherscould.AsamemberoftheJapanesetechnopopbandYellowMagicOrchestra,hehelpedpioneermodernelectronicmusic.Asaposer,hebroughttheworkofdirectorssuchasBernardoBertoluccitolife.Hispassingbroughtaboutmourningfromthewholemusicworld.Mr.SakamotowasborninTokyoin1952andtooktomusicearly.HegraduatedfromoneofTokyo’stopcollegesofmusic,wherehestudiedWesternclassicalmusic,andexploredaninterestinthetraditionalmusicofJapan’sOkinawaaswellasinthatofIndiaandAfrica.Earlyinhiscareer,Mr.Sakamototrainedhisearsonthesoundoftechnology.YellowMagicOrchestra,agroupheformedin1978,usedsynthesisers(合成器)ininstrumentalsongsintendedfordancinganovelbinationatthetime.“ErrorsornoisesabsorbmeandIwonderifnewmusicalcurrentscouldefromthisimperfection,”Mr.Sakamotosaid.Thatwasexactlywhathappened:Mr.Sakamoto’smusichelpedinspirewhatwouldlaterbeetechnoandhiphop.Thenheturnedtowardsthesoundofnature.Helistenedtothewindblowing,thewaterdropping,therocksmovingandtheleavesfalling,whichheintroducedintohismusic.UnusuallyforaJapanesemusician,Mr.Sakamotousedhisfametospeakoutonsocialandpoliticalissues,includingenvironmentalpreservationandnuclear(原子核的)power.In2011,anearthquakeandtsunamirockednortheastJapanandsetoffanuclearmeltdowninFukushima.Inthewakeofthedisaster,Mr.Sakamototravelledoftentotheregiontosupportlocalresidents.In2014,thecancershookMr.Sakamoto’slife.Buteventhatcouldnotweakenhislongingtohearmore.Inthenextfewyears,heposedthescorefor“TheRevenant”,andproducedafilmaboutsoundcalled“Coda”.4.What’sparagraph1mainlyabout?A.ThestyleofSakamotoRyuichi’smusic.B.SakamotoRyuichi’smentsonmusic.C.SakamotoRyuichi’scontributionstomusic.D.TheinfluenceofSakamotoRyuichi’smusic.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutSakamotoRyuichifromparagraph2?A.Helikednaturescenery.B.Hegotinspiredfromnoises.C.Hecreatedtechnoandhiphop.D.Hebecameinterestedinmusicatcollege.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeSakamotoRyuichi?A.Intelligentandfrank. B.Talentedandcaring.C.Generousandenthusiastic. D.Determinedandhumorous.7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Amusician:makingsoundsintomusicB.Soundsofnature:sourcesofmusicpositionC.YellowMagicOrchestra:memoriesofgenerationsD.SakamotoRyuichi:speakingoutforthemonpeople【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了日本著名音樂(lè)人士——坂本龍一，介紹了其生平貢獻(xiàn)和音樂(lè)特色等?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AsamemberoftheJapanesetechnopopbandYellowMagicOrchestra,hehelpedpioneermodernelectronicmusic.Asaposer,hebroughttheworkofdirectorssuchasBernardoBertoluccitolife.Hispassingbroughtaboutmourningfromthewholemusicworld.(作為日本科技流行樂(lè)隊(duì)YellowMagicOrchestra的一員，他幫助開(kāi)創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代電子音樂(lè)。作為一名作曲家，他為BernardoBertolucci等導(dǎo)演的作品賦予了生命。他的去世引起了整個(gè)音樂(lè)界的哀悼。)”可知，第一段主要講述的是坂本龍一對(duì)音樂(lè)的貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段““ErrorsornoisesabsorbmeandIwonderifnewmusicalcurrentscouldefromthisimperfection,”Mr.Sakamotosaid.(“錯(cuò)誤或噪音吸引了我，我想知道這種不完美是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的音樂(lè)潮流，”坂本說(shuō)。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，坂本龍一從噪音中獲得靈感從而創(chuàng)造了新的音樂(lè)形式。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AsamemberoftheJapanesetechnopopbandYellowMagicOrchestra,hehelpedpioneermodernelectronicmusic.Asaposer,hebroughttheworkofdirectorssuchasBernardoBertoluccitolife.(作為日本科技流行樂(lè)隊(duì)YellowMagicOrchestra的一員，他幫助開(kāi)創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代電子音樂(lè)。作為一名作曲家，他為BernardoBertolucci等導(dǎo)演的作品賦予了生命。)”可知，坂本龍一非常有才華；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“UnusuallyforaJapanesemusician,Mr.Sakamotousedhisfametospeakoutonsocialandpoliticalissues,includingenvironmentalpreservationandnuclear(原子核的)power.In2011,anearthquakeandtsunamirockednortheastJapanandsetoffanuclearmeltdowninFukushima.Inthewakeofthedisaster,Mr.Sakamototravelledoftentotheregiontosupportlocalresidents.(作為一名日本音樂(lè)家，坂本利用自己的名氣就環(huán)境保護(hù)和核能等社會(huì)和政治問(wèn)題發(fā)表了自己的看法，這與以往不同。2011年，一場(chǎng)地震和海嘯襲擊了日本東北部，引發(fā)了福島核泄漏。災(zāi)難發(fā)生后，坂本經(jīng)常前往該地區(qū)支持當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘛?”可知，他是一個(gè)關(guān)心他人的人。故選B。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“YellowMagicOrchestra,agroupheformedin1978,usedsynthesisers(合成器)ininstrumentalsongsintendedfordancinganovelbinationatthetime.“ErrorsornoisesabsorbmeandIwonderifnewmusicalcurrentscouldefromthisimperfection,”Mr.Sakamotosaid.Thatwasexactlywhathappened:Mr.Sakamoto’smusichelpedinspirewhatwouldlaterbeetechnoandhiphop.Thenheturnedtowardsthesoundofnature.Helistenedtothewindblowing,thewaterdropping,therocksmovingandtheleavesfalling,whichheintroducedintohismusic.(1978年，他組建了一支名為“黃色魔術(shù)樂(lè)團(tuán)”的樂(lè)隊(duì)，他們使用合成器來(lái)制作舞蹈用的器樂(lè)歌曲——這在當(dāng)時(shí)是一種新穎的組合?！板e(cuò)誤或噪音吸引了我，我想知道這種不完美是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的音樂(lè)潮流，”坂本說(shuō)。事實(shí)正是如此：坂本龍一的音樂(lè)啟發(fā)了后來(lái)的電子樂(lè)和嘻哈樂(lè)。然后他轉(zhuǎn)向大自然的聲音。他聽(tīng)著風(fēng)吹、水滴、石頭移動(dòng)和樹(shù)葉飄落的聲音，他把這些聲音融入到他的音樂(lè)中。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了日本著名音樂(lè)人士——坂本龍一，他擅長(zhǎng)把各種聲音融入自己的音樂(lè)之中。故選A。COneofthechallengesintreatingburnpatientsistherepetitionofdressingchanges,whichcanbeextremelypainful.Tobringrelieftothisproblem,UniversityofWaterlooresearchershavecreatedasmartwounddressingmaterialthatusesadvancedpolymers(聚合物)forpersonalizedtreatment.Thisnewdressing,tailoredthrough3Dprinting,couldimprovetherecoveryprocessforburnedpatients.“Thematerialhasgoodsurfaceadhesion,whichisakeyfeature.Itcaneasilybeeattachedtotheskinandbetakenoff,”saidDr.BoxinZhao,aprofessorinWaterloo’sDepartmentofChemicalEngineering,whoseteamhasmadesignificantadvancesindevelopingintelligenthydrogel(水凝膠)materialsforuseasareusablewounddressing.Indevelopingthedressing,theresearchersconducteda3Dscanofthepatient’sfaceandbodypartstopersonalizeittoanindividual’sneeds.Thisenablesthedressingtomakegoodcontactwithsurfaceslikenosesandfingers,makingitperfectforcreatingpersonalizedwounddressingsforburnpatients.Thedressing’sheatresponsivenessallowsittowarmontheskinandgentlylowertoroomtemperature.Additionally,whencooledinthefridge,thedressingbeelargerbutbeesmallerinsizeatbodytemperature,makingiteasierandlesspainfultoremove.Also,thedressingisdesignedtoletgoofthedrugalittleatatime,allowingforlongerlastingpainrelief.Astudyhighlightingtheteam’sprogresswasrecentlypublishedintheJournalofColloidsandInterfaceScience.ThenextstepforZhao’sresearchgroupistocontinueimprovingthematerial’spropertiestomakeithealthierandmerciallyworkable.Thematerialalsohaspotentialapplicationsforcancertreatment.Traditionally,apatientmayneedtobeinaclinicforhours.Thisdressingcanprovideassistanceoutsidetheclinicsetting,reducingsomeofthechallengesconnectedwithtraditionalmethods.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adhesion”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Theabilitytoberecycled.B.Thefeatureofbeingadaptable.C.Thefeatureofbeingintelligent.D.Theabilitytosticktoasubstance.9.Whatisthepurposeof3Dscans?A.Totreatthewound. B.Tofigureouttheburn.C.Totailorthedressing’sshape. D.Todevelopthedressing.10.Whatdoesparagraph4focusonconcerningthesmartdressing?A.Itspotential. B.Itseffectiveness.C.Itsproperties. D.Itsvariety.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thematerialisnothealthfriendly.B.Thematerialwillbeputintomarket.C.Thematerialhasbeenappliedtotreatcancer.D.Thematerialisintroducedtothepubliconline.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種智能傷口敷料材料，該材料使用先進(jìn)的聚合物進(jìn)行個(gè)性化治療。這種通過(guò)3D打印定制的新型敷料可以改善燒傷患者的恢復(fù)過(guò)程。【8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“whichisakeyfeature.Itcaneasilybeeattachedtotheskinandbetakenoff(這是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵特點(diǎn)。它可以很容易地附著在皮膚上并被取下)”可知，這種材料具有良好的表面附著力，劃線單詞和選項(xiàng)D“Theabilitytosticktoasubstance(粘在物質(zhì)上的能力)”和劃線單詞意思相近。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Indevelopingthedressing,theresearchersconducteda3Dscanofthepatient’sfaceandbodypartstopersonalizeittoanindividual’sneeds.Thisenablesthedressingtomakegoodcontactwithsurfaceslikenosesandfingers,makingitperfectforcreatingpersonalizedwounddressingsforburnpatients.(在開(kāi)發(fā)這種敷料的過(guò)程中，研究人員對(duì)患者的面部和身體部位進(jìn)行了3D掃描，以根據(jù)個(gè)人需求進(jìn)行個(gè)性化設(shè)計(jì)。這使得敷料能夠很好地與鼻子和手指等表面接觸，使其成為為燒傷患者制作個(gè)性化傷口敷料的完美選擇。)”可知，研究人員對(duì)患者的面部和身體部位進(jìn)行了3D掃描是為了根據(jù)個(gè)人需求進(jìn)行個(gè)性化設(shè)計(jì)，使得敷料能夠很好地與鼻子和手指等表面接觸，使其成為為燒傷患者制作個(gè)性化傷口敷料的完美選擇。故選C。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thedressing’sheatresponsivenessallowsittowarmontheskinandgentlylowertoroomtemperature.Additionally,whencooledinthefridge,thedressingbeelargerbutbeesmallerinsizeatbodytemperature,makingiteasierandlesspainfultoremove.Also,thedressingisdesignedtoletgoofthedrugalittleatatime,allowingforlongerlastingpainrelief.(這種敷料的熱響應(yīng)性使其可以在皮膚上加熱，并輕輕地降低到室溫。此外，在冰箱里冷卻后，敷料會(huì)變大，但在體溫下會(huì)變小，這樣更容易取出，也不那么痛苦。此外，敷料的設(shè)計(jì)是讓藥物一次釋放一點(diǎn)，從而使疼痛得到更持久的緩解。)”可知，第四段主要介紹了該敷料的屬性。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Astudyhighlightingtheteam’sprogresswasrecentlypublishedintheJournalofColloidsandInterfaceScience.ThenextstepforZhao’sresearchgroupistocontinueimprovingthematerial’spropertiestomakeithealthierandmerciallyworkable.(最近發(fā)表在《膠體與界面科學(xué)雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究突出了該團(tuán)隊(duì)的進(jìn)展。趙的研究小組的下一步是繼續(xù)改進(jìn)這種材料的性能，使其更健康，并具有商業(yè)可行性。)”以及“Traditionally,apatientmayneedtobeinaclinicforhours.Thisdressingcanprovideassistanceoutsidetheclinicsetting,reducingsomeofthechallengesconnectedwithtraditionalmethods.(傳統(tǒng)上，病人可能需要在診所待上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。這種敷料可以在診所之外提供幫助，減少了與傳統(tǒng)方法相關(guān)的一些挑戰(zhàn)。)”可推測(cè)，研究人員的下一步是繼續(xù)改進(jìn)這種材料的性能，使其更健康，并具有商業(yè)可行性。而這可以在診所之外提供幫助。由此可推測(cè)，該敷料即將推向市場(chǎng)。故選B。DSpacesettlementiswidelydebated.SomearguelivinginspaceisunrealisticandthatweshouldconcentrateonimprovinglifeonEarthinsteadofpotentiallyruininganotherplanet.TakinglivingonMarsasanexample,somescientiststhinkitisafantasy.Tomakeit,MarsneedstofirstbewarmedtoclosertoEarth’saveragetemperature,whichwilltakeabout100years.Thentheplanetmustbemadetoproduceoxygen,whichwilltake100,000yearsormore.A2018NASAstudyconcludedthat,basedonthelevelsofCO2foundonMars,theaboveplanisnotpractical.Ifasolutionwerefoundandconducted,aprojectofthatmagnitudewouldcostbillions,perhapstrillions(萬(wàn)億).Besides,humanshavemadeamessofEarth.Ifhumansareabletochangeanuninhabitableplanetinspaceintoanappealinghomeforhumans,surelywehavethecapabilitytofixtheproblemswe’vecreatedonEarth.JohnTraphagan,ProfessorattheUniversityofTexas,argued,“Weneedtostopholdingthebeliefofhumanexceptionalismandstartseeinghumansaspartofacollectionofspecies.Aslongaswebringitwithustootherworlds,wewillrepeatthesamemistakes.”However,othersarguehumanshaveamoralobligationtosaveourspeciesfromextinction,andspacesettlementisonewayofdoingso.Accordingtosomephilosophies,humansaretheonlybeingscapableofmorality,and,thus,preservingourspeciesisthemostmorallypressing.Spacesettlementgiveshumankindtheopportunitytosignificantlyraisethechancesofsurvivalbyprovidingaccesstothesolarsystem’sresources,andincreasingknowledgeofspaceandEarth.Spacesettlementisthenextlogical(合理的)stepinhumangrowth.Humansarenotaspeciestostandstill.JeffBezos,whotraveledtospacein2021,stated,“Thesolarsystemcaneasilysupportatrillionhumans.Andifwehadatrillionhumans,wewouldhaveathousandEinsteinsandathousandMozartsandunlimited,forallpracticalpurposes.”12.Whatinformationdoesparagraph2deliver?A.SolutionstolivingonMarshavebeenfound.B.The2018NASAstudyagreedtoliveonMars.C.SomescientistsregardlivingonMarsunrealistic.DThetemperatureonMarsissuitableforhabitation.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Themess. B.Thecapability.C.Thebelief. D.Acollectionofspecies.14.AccordingtoJeffBezos,whatbenefitwillspacesettlementbring?A.Morehumangeniuses. B.Richknowledge.C.Morediversespecies. D.Unlimitedwealth.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetospacesettlement?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Worried. D.Positive.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了關(guān)于太空定居的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，包括其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)等等?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TakinglivingonMarsasanexample,somescientiststhinkitisafantasy.Tomakeit,MarsneedstofirstbewarmedtoclosertoEarth’saveragetemperature,whichwilltakeabout100years.Thentheplanetmustbemadetoproduceoxygen,whichwilltake100,000yearsormore.(以在火星上生活為例，一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這是幻想。要做到這一點(diǎn)，火星首先需要加熱到接近地球平均溫度，這需要大約100年的時(shí)間。然后，火星必須產(chǎn)生氧氣，這將需要10萬(wàn)年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。)”可知，有些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為在火星上生活是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Weneedtostopholdingthebeliefofhumanexceptionalismandstartseeinghumansaspartofacollectionofspecies.(我們需要停止持有人類例外論的信念，并開(kāi)始將人類視為物種集合的一部分。)”可知，JohnTraphagan教授認(rèn)為人類應(yīng)該放棄認(rèn)為人類例外論這一觀點(diǎn)。否則即便去太空定居，我們?nèi)祟愐矔?huì)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。所以代詞it代指這一“信念”。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“JeffBezos,whotraveledtospacein2021,stated,“Thesolarsystemcaneasilysupportatrillionhumans.Andifwehadatrillionhumans,wewouldhaveathousandEinsteinsandathousandMozartsandunlimited,forallpracticalpurposes.”(JeffBezos于2021年前往太空，他說(shuō)：“太陽(yáng)系可以輕松養(yǎng)活1萬(wàn)億人。如果我們有一萬(wàn)億人，我們就會(huì)有一千個(gè)愛(ài)因斯坦和一千個(gè)莫扎特，而且是無(wú)限的?！?”可知，JeffBezos認(rèn)為太空定居會(huì)使我們擁有更多的天才。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“A2018NASAstudyconcludedthat,basedonthelevelsofCO2foundonMars,theaboveplanisnotpractical.Ifasolutionwerefoundandconducted,aprojectofthatmagnitudewouldcostbillions,perhapstrillions(萬(wàn)億).(美國(guó)宇航局2018年的一項(xiàng)研究得出結(jié)論，根據(jù)火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)的二氧化碳水平，上述計(jì)劃是不切實(shí)際的。如果找到解決方案并付諸實(shí)施，那么如此大規(guī)模的項(xiàng)目將耗資數(shù)十億美元，甚至數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元。)”可知，第二段介紹了太空定居面臨的困難；而文章第三段“Besides,humanshavemadeamessofEarth.Ifhumansareabletochangeanuninhabitableplanetinspaceintoanappealinghomeforhumans,surelywehavethecapabilitytofixtheproblemswe’vecreatedonEarth.(此外，人類把地球搞得一團(tuán)糟。如果人類能夠把太空中一個(gè)不適合居住的星球變成一個(gè)有吸引力的人類家園，我們當(dāng)然有能力解決我們?cè)诘厍蛏现圃斓膯?wèn)題。)”則認(rèn)為人類有能力解決我們?cè)诘厍蛏现圃斓膯?wèn)題；根據(jù)文章第四段“However,othersarguehumanshaveamoralobligationtosaveourspeciesfromextinction,andspacesettlementisonewayofdoingso.(然而，其他人認(rèn)為人類有道德義務(wù)拯救我們的物種免于滅絕，而太空定居是這樣做的一種方式。)”則介紹了其他人的觀點(diǎn)，這些人認(rèn)為太空定居是可行的。由此可推斷，在這篇文章中，作者客觀地介紹了太空定居的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThebiggestriskI’veevertakenwasquittingmyjobandbikingaloneacrosswesternChina.____16____SoitwasahugephysicalchallengebutIgotstrongereveryday,andeventually,Icouldeasilybikeforeighthourseachday.Oneofthebestpartsofthewholeexperiencewasthepeople.ImetpeoplefromacrossChinaandoncegottoattendaTibetanweddingsomethingIneverthoughtIwoulddo.____17____OnetimeIevenmetagroupofChinesementravelingbymotorcycle,whoinvitedmetocookfishthattheycaughtinthelakeoverafirewithwood.AnotherinstancewaswhenImetagroupofcyclists.Theywereintheir60sand70sandstillcyclingbetterthanIwas.____18____Thepeopleweresomeofthebestpartsofthetrip,butmostlyeachday,Iwasalonewithnature.Throughouttherollinghillsandtheflowingstreams,westernChinaishometosomeofthemostamazingsceneryintheworld.____19____Withthickforests,icyglaciers,andpeacefullakes,thereissomuchtoseeinChina.____20____IgottotastelocalsnacksineveryplaceIwent.Therearesomanydifferentoptions!MyfavoritewasthecookingofSichuan,aprovinceknownforitshotflavorsandinterestingdishes.NomatterhowmuchIate,InevergotsickofhavingdifferentChinesefoods.ItwasindeedanexperienceIwillneverforget.Ifanyonehasaninterestintraveling,Iwouldhighlyremendgoingbybicycle!A.Itsimplytookmybreathaway.B.Myfamilywereshockedandtriedtotalkmeoutofit.C.Thefoodwasdefinitelyanotherhighlightofmyjourney.D.Ihadneverbikedformorethantwohoursinonedaybefore.E.Itreallyinspiredmetopushmyselfandgofarthereveryday.F.TravelingbybicyclewasactuallymuchcheaperthanIthought.G.Thewholeeventwasextraordinary,fullofdancing,laughterandfun.【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者獨(dú)自騎自行車穿越中國(guó)西部時(shí)的所見(jiàn)所聞?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“ThebiggestriskI’veevertakenwasquittingmyjobandbikingaloneacrosswesternChina.(我冒過(guò)的最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就是辭掉工作，獨(dú)自騎自行車穿越中國(guó)西部。)”可知，對(duì)于作者而言，辭掉工作獨(dú)自騎自行車是作者冒過(guò)的最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)B“Myfamilywereshockedandtriedtotalkmeoutofit.(我的家人都很震驚，并試圖說(shuō)服我不要這么做。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大，那么作者的家人自然不希望作者這樣做。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“ImetpeoplefromacrossChinaandoncegottoattendaTibetanweddingsomethingIneverthoughtIwoulddo.(我遇到了來(lái)自中國(guó)各地的人，有一次我有幸參加了一場(chǎng)藏族婚禮——這是我從未想過(guò)的。)”可知，作者有幸參加了一場(chǎng)藏族婚禮。選項(xiàng)G“Thewholeeventwasextraordinary,fullofdancing,laughterandfun.(整個(gè)活動(dòng)非常精彩，充滿了舞蹈、笑聲和歡樂(lè)。)”延續(xù)了上文的內(nèi)容，具體講述了這場(chǎng)藏族婚禮的精彩之處。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“AnotherinstancewaswhenImetagroupofcyclists.Theywereintheir60sand70sandstillcyclingbetterthanIwas.(另一個(gè)例子是我遇到一群騎自行車的人。他們已經(jīng)六七十歲了，但仍然比我騎得好)”可知，作者遇到了一群騎自行車的人，他們雖然已經(jīng)六七十歲了，但是仍然騎得比作者好。選項(xiàng)E“Itreallyinspiredmetopushmyselfandgofarthereveryday.(它真的激勵(lì)我每天鞭策自己，走得更遠(yuǎn)。)”中的“it”代指上文作者遇到的那群騎自行車的人，而他們雖然已經(jīng)六七十歲了，但是仍然騎得比作者好這件事激勵(lì)了作者繼續(xù)前行。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Throughouttherollinghillsandtheflowingstreams,westernChinaishometosomeofthemostamazingsceneryintheworld.(在連綿起伏的山巒和奔流的溪流中，中國(guó)西部擁有世界上最令人驚嘆的風(fēng)景。)”以及空后“Withthickforests,icyglaciers,andpeacefullakes,thereissomuchtoseeinChina.(茂密的森林，冰冷的冰川，寧?kù)o的湖泊，中國(guó)有很多值得一看的地方。)”可知，作者在本段中主要描述了祖國(guó)西部地區(qū)的美麗風(fēng)景。選項(xiàng)A“Itsimplytookmybreathaway.(簡(jiǎn)直讓我無(wú)法呼吸。)”中的“it”代指上文“westernChinaishometosomeofthemostamazingsceneryintheworld.”；并延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，表達(dá)了作者對(duì)中國(guó)西部地區(qū)風(fēng)景的贊嘆。故選A?！?0題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“IgottotastelocalsnacksineveryplaceIwent.Therearesomanydifferentoptions!MyfavoritewasthecookingofSichuan,aprovinceknownforitshotflavorsandinterestingdishes.NomatterhowmuchIate,InevergotsickofhavingdifferentChinesefoods.(每到一個(gè)地方我都能品嘗到當(dāng)?shù)氐男〕?。有這么多不同的選擇！我最喜歡的是四川菜，一個(gè)以辣味和有趣的菜肴而聞名的省份。不管我吃了多少，我都不會(huì)厭倦不同的中國(guó)菜。)”可知，本段主要介紹了騎行中享受到的美食。選項(xiàng)C“Thefoodwasdefinitelyanotherhighlightofmyjourney.(食物絕對(duì)是我旅途中的另一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，講述的都是作者在旅途中享受到美食。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Onedarkmorningwhiledrivingtowork,mydad,ClaytonKavalinas,diedinacrashtoavoidadeerintheroad.Hewasonly35.____21____couldhavehelpedpreventtheaccident,buttherewerenonethere.Myheartwasbrokenbythelossofmyfather,especiallywhenIrealizedthathisdeathcouldhavebeen____22____.Inatwoyearperiod,twentynine____23____happenedonthatareaofthehighway.Timeandagain,Ithought,“howcouldIfindawaytomakemydad’sshortlifereally____24____?”Anidea____25____tomethatIwouldtrytogetsomelightsputupinthatareatohelpotherdriversseebetter.First,Itriedtoincreasepublic____26____oncityhall.Withhelpfrommyclassmates,Ihandedoutflyers(傳單)athomesandshoppingmalls,andobtainedoverthreehundred____27____neededtocatchtheattentionofthepoliticians____28____roadsafetyissues.Thelocalmediaalsoparticipated.Thereporters____29____itandthepeopleweretouchedand_____30_____thedanger.Thepublicpressurebeganto_____31_____andwithinfourmonths,thecitycouncil(市議會(huì))agreedtospend$290,000fornewlights.Sometimes,goingthroughtheaccidentoverandoverwasahardthingtodo_____32_____.ButI’dbereallyhappyand_____33_____thatmydad’slifewastheonethatmadethe_____34_____inhelpingtosavemanyotherlives.I’llalwayshavethe_____35_____ofknowingthateverynight,alittlebitofDadisshiningdown.21.A.Batteries B.Streetlights C.Facilities D.Guidelines22.A.predicted B.investigated C.cancelled D.avoided23.A.events B.emergencies C.accidents D.adventures24.A.count B.last C.cease D.survive25.A.happened B.responded C.referred D.occurred26.A.pressure B.awareness C.requirement D.desire27.A.letters B.strategies C.files D.signatures28.A.incaseof B.inchargeof C.infavorof D.inneedof29.A.interviewed B.covered C.spread D.plained30.A.claimed B.escaped C.acknowledged D.mitted31.A.rise B.boil C.fall D.die32.A.potentially B.emotionally C.gradually D.physically33.A.anxious B.sorry C.proud D.grateful34.A.difference B.strength C.wisdom D.responsibility35.A.duty B.fort C.power D.intention【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A25.D26.A27.D28.B29.B30.C31.A32.B33.C34.A3