2015年12月英語六級模擬題及答案(一)-六級模擬題資料文檔

PartIWriting.

TheCMlServantTestCraze

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashort

essayentitledTheCivilServantTestCraze.Youressayshouldstartwitha

briefdescriptionofthepicture.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbut

nomorethan200words.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40

minutes)

回答36-45題：

Womenwithlowliteracysufferdisproportionatelymorethanmen,

encounteringmore36infindingawell-payingjobandbeing

twiceaslikelytoendupinthegroupoflowestwageearners,astudy

releasedonWednesdaysaid.

AnalysisbytheInstituteforWomen'sPolicyResearch(IWPR.found

womenatalllevelsof37tendtoearnlessthanmen,butit'sat

thelowestliteracylevelsthatthewagegapbetweengendersismost

striking.

Womenwithlowliteracyaretwiceas38asmenatthesame

skillleveltobeamongthelowestearners,bringingin$300aweekorless,

thereportsaid.

"Becausewomenstartoffsolowintermsofwages,havinghigher

literacyandmoreskillsreally39abigdifference,"saidKevin

Miller,a40researchassociateatIWPRandco-authorofthe

study.

Womenneedtogo41intheirtrainingandeducationlevel

toearnthesameasmen,Millersaid.

The42wasbasedon20xxNationalAssessmentofAdult

Literacysurveys,themostrecentdata43,andfocusedon

readingskills,notwritingandnumericliteracy.Thatdatawas44

fromanationallyrepresentativesampleof19,714peopleaged16and

older,livinginhouseholdsorprisons.

Datashowedaboutone-thirdofAmericanadultshavelowliteracy

levels,andmorethan36percentofmenand33percentofwomenfall

intothat45,theinstitutesaid.

第2頁，共21頁

A.pattern

B.senior

C.longer

D.difficulties

E.category

F.collected

G.positions

H.available

I.conducted

J.independent

K.literacy

L.analysis

M.likely

N.further

O.makes

第3頁，共21頁

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgivenin

oneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichthe

informationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

回答46-55題：

A)Thelegislationconcerningfinancialreformfocusesonhelping

regulatorsdetectanddefuse(減少.…的危險性)thenextcrisis.Butit

doesn'taddressmanyoftheunderlyingconditionsthatcancause

problems.

B)Thelegislationgivesregulatorsthepowertooverseeshadow

banksandtakefailingfirmsapart,convenesacouncilofsuperregulators

towatchthemegafirmsthatposearisktothefullfinancialsystem,and

muchelse.

C)Butthebilldoesmoretohelpregulatorsdetectthenextfinancial

crisisthantoactuallystopitfromhappening.Inthatway,it'slikethe

第4頁，共21頁

differencebetweenimprovingpublichealthandimprovingmedicine:

Thebillfocusesonhelpingthedoctorswhofigureoutwhenyou'resick

andhowtogetyoubetterratherthanontheconditions(sewersystems

andairqualityandhygienestandardsandsoon)thatcontributeto

whetheryougetsickinthefirstplace.

D)Thatistosay,manyoftheweaknessesandimbalancesthatledto

thefinancialcrisiswillsurviveourregulatoryresponse,andit'simportant

tokeepthatinmind.Soherearefivewestillhavetowatchoutfor:

1.TheGlobalGlut(供過于求)ofSavings

E)"Oneoftheleadingindicatorsofafinancialcrisisiswhenyouhave

asustainedsurgeinmoneyflowingintothecountrywhichmakes

borrowingcheaperandeasier,"saysHarvardeconomistKennethRogoff.

Ourcrisiswasnodifferent:Between1987and1999,ourcurrentaccount

deficit—themeasureofhowmuchmoneyiscominginversusgoing

out--fluctuatedbetween1and2percentofgrossdomesticproduct.By

20xx,ithadhit6percent.

F)Thesharprisewasdrivenbyemergingeconomieswithlotsof

growthandfewinvestmentopportunities-thinkChina-funnelingtheir

moneytodevelopedeconomieswithlessgrowthandlotsofinvestment

第5頁，共21頁

opportunities.Butwe'vegottenoutofthecrisiswithoutfixingit.Chinais

stillgrowingfast,exportingfaster,andsendingthemoneyovertoUS.

2.HouseholdDebt-andWhyWeNeedIt

G)Thefactthatmoneyisavailabletoborrowdoesn'texplainwhy

Americansborrowedsomuchofit.Householddebtasapercentageof

GDPwentfromabitlessthan60percentatthebeginningofthe1990s

toabitlessthan100percentin20xx,"ThisiswhereIcometoincome

inequality,"saysRaghuramRajan,aneconomistattheUniversityof

Chicago."Alargepartofthepopulationsawrelativelystagnantincomes

overthe1980sand1990s.Creditwassowelcomebecauseitkeptpeople

whowerefallingbehindreasonablyhappy.Youwerekeepingup,evenif

yourincomewasn't."

H)Incomes,ofcourse,areevenmorestagnantnowthat

unemploymentisat9percent.Andthatpainisn'tbeingsharedequally:

inequalityhasactuallyrisensincebeforetherecession,asjoblessnessis

provingstickyamongthepoor,butrecoveryhasbeenswiftfortherich.

Householdborrowingisstillmorethan90percentofGDP,andthe

conditionsthatdroveitupthereare,ifanything,worse.

3.The"Banking"Market

第6頁，共21頁

I)Thefinancialcrisisstartedoutsimilarlysevere,butitwasn't,atfirst,

acrisisofconsumers.Itwasacrisisofbanks.Itneverbecameacrisisof

consumersbecauseconsumerdepositsareinsured.Butlarge

investors-pensionfunds,banks,corporations,andothers—aren'tinsured.

Butwhentheyhearthattheircollateral(B付屬擔(dān)保品)isdroppingin

value,theydemandtheirmoneyback.Andwheneveryonedoesthatat

once,it'slikeanold-fashionedbankrun:Thebankscan'tpayeveryone

offatonce,sotheyunloadalltheirassetstogetcapital,theassets

becomeworthlessbecauseeveryoneistryingtounloadthem,andthe

bankscollapse.

J)"Thisisaninherentproblemofprivatelycreatedmoney,"says

GaryGorton,aneconomistatPrincetonUniversity,"Itisvulnerableto

thesekindsofruns."Thisyear,we'rebringingthisshadowbanking

systemunderthecontrolofregulatorsandgivingthemallsortsof

informationonitandpoweroverit,butwe'renotdoinganythinglike

depositinsurance,wherewesimplymakethedepositssafesoruns

becomeananachronism.

4.RichBanks

第7頁，共21頁

K)Inthe1980s,thefinancialsector'sshareoftotalcorporateprofits

rangedfromabout10to20percent.By20xx,itwasabout35percent.

SimonJohnson,aneconomistatMIT,recallsaconversationhehadwith

第7頁，共21頁

afundmanager."Theguysaidtome,'Simon,it'ssolittlemoney!You

canswaysenatorsfor$10million!?"'Johnsonlaughsruefully（后悔地）.

"Theseguys[biginvestors]don'teventhinkinmillions.Theythinkin

billions."

L）Whatyougetforthatmoneyisfavors.Thelastfinancialcrisis

fadesfrommemoryandthepublicbeginstofocusonotherthings.Then

thefinanceguysbeginnudging（游說）.Theyholdsomefundraisersfor

politicians,makesomefriends,explainhowtheregulationsthey'reunder

areonerousandunfair.Andslowly,surely,thoseregulationscome

undone.Thisfinancialcrisiswillstickinourmindsforawhile,butnot

forever.Andafterbrieflydroppingtolessthan15percentofcorporate

profits,thefinancialsectorhasreboundedtomorethan30percent.

They'llhaveplentyofmoneywithwhichtohelptheirfriendsforgetthis

wholenastyaffair.

5.Lax（不嚴(yán)格的）Regulators

M）Themosttroublingprospectisthechancethatthisbill,ifwe'd

passeditin2000,wouldn'tevenhavepreventedthisfinancialcrisis.

That'snottoundersellit:Itwould'vegivenregulatorsmoreinformation

withwhichtopredictthecrisis.Buttheyhadenoughinformation,and

theyignoredit.Theygetcaughtupinboomtimesjustlikeeveryone

第8頁，共21頁

else.Abubble,almostbydefinition,affectstheregulatorswiththe

powertopopit.

N)In20xx,withhousingpricesrunningfar,faraheadofthe

historicaltrend,Bernankesaidahousingbubblewas"aprettyunlikely

possibility".In20xx,hesaidFedofficials"donotexpectsignificant

spilloversfromthesubprimemarkettotherestoftheeconomy."Alan

Greenspan,lookingbackatthefinancialcrisis,admittedinAprilthat

regulators"havehadawoefulrecordofchronicfailure.Historytellsus

theycannotidentifythetimingofacrisis,oranticipateexactlywhereit

willbelocatedorhowlargethelossesandspilloverswillbe."

46、Inthe1980sand1990speopleexperiencednosubstantial

increaseintermsofincome,whichbroughtaboutthepopularityof

credit.

47、Financialcrisisisacrisisofbanksinthatshadowbankingmay

causebankstofail.

48、Thefinanceguysmakefriendswithpoliticiansinthehopeof

makingsomeburdensomeandunfairregulationscancelled.

第9頁，共21頁

49、Thelegislationconcerningfinancialreformoffersregulatorsthe

powerofsupervisingshadowbanksanddisintegratingcompanieson

thevergeofbankruptcy.

第9頁，共21頁

50、Intermsoftheeffectofunemployment,itismoredeeplyfeltby

thepoorthanbytherich.

51、Eveniftherewasenoughinformationtopredicttherewouldbe

financialcrisis,theregulatorsstillchosetoignoreit.

52、Emergingeconomieswithinsufficientinvestmentopportunities

haveinvestedmuchmoneyindevelopedcountries.

53、Regulatorswithpowertendedtofailagainandagainconcerning

forecastingafinancialcrisis.

54、Afundmanagerorlargeinvestorisconsideredabsurdlyrichby

aneconomistfromMIT.

55、Largeinvestors'depositscanbemadesaferifshadowbanking

systemisunderthecontrolofregulators.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideon

thebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

第10頁，共21頁

回答56-60題：

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,

whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,high

unemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofind

waysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedto

gofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefurore

ofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Should

wenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopleto

work?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkfor

ourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethe

householdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,

ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryin

whichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialage

maynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinwork

patternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsa

dauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetter

futureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnot

meanteconomicfreedom.

第11頁，共21頁

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17th

and18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkby

第11頁，共21頁

deprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidea

livingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottage

industriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransport

improved,firstbyrailandthenbymad,peoplecommutedlonger

distancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople's

worklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhich

theylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.In

pre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkof

thehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthe

husbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthe

homeandthefamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassume

thisnormtoday,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetween

thesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemployment

becamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewere

excluded--aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedat

schoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometo

switchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheutopiangoalof

第12頁，共21頁

creatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeople

tomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

56、Accordingtotheauthor,theuniversalemploymenthas.

A.turnedoutnottobethebestformofjobs

B.createdanalternativeformofjobs

C.builtthefoundationofaneconomicleap

D.failedtoproducejobopportunitiesformostpeople

57、Modemformsoftransportationhavegreatlyencouraged

A.thephenomenonofdeprivationofemployees'leisuretime

B.thedisconnectionbetweenpeople'sworkandtheirfamilylife

C.thecommutationbetweentheworkingplacesandemployees'

homes

0.people'sdesiretoworkfarawayfromwheretheywereborn

58、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

第13頁，共21頁

A.womencouldhavebeenmoreproductivethanmeninaproper

jobsystem

B.workinpre-industrialtimeshasbeendistriibutedevenlybetween

menandwomen

C.paidemploymenthasarousedserioussocialproblemsincurrent

society

D.womenhavebeentreatedunfairlyundertheemploymentsystem

ofindustrialage

59、Whatistheproblemfortheyoungundertheemployment

system?

A.Theyarelesslikelytocompetewiththeaged.

B.Theyaremuchworriedaboutthegenerationgap.

C.Theyaremorelikelytosufferfromunemployment.

D.Theiracademicperformancesseemuselessforjobhunting.

60、Whatisthepossiblechangeofjobforms?

A.Full-timeemploymentwillnotbethedominantformofwork.

第14頁，共21頁

B.Mostpeoplecanworkathomeandforthemselves.

第14頁，共21頁

C.Thedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenwilldisappear.

D.AIIpeoplegetequaljobopportunitiesandequalpay.

回答61-65題：

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachair

sac（囊），oralveolus（肺泡）,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethin

walloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillary（毛細(xì)血管）arebetween

theairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthrough

thewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthe

bloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfrom

thecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofan

airsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.At

thesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygen

butverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterials

alwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.

Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsac

anddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbon

dioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflows

fromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsof

thebody.

第15頁，共21頁

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenand

takesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingas

itshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichis

causedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacs

inyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesare

controlledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeep

yourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabout

twenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouare

exercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyour

lungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale(吸入),whileusedairisforcedoutof

yourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthe

lungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Butthese

ideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen(M).

Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnot

changeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itis

changedinthreeways:(1)Aboutone-fifthoftheoxygenintheairgoes

intotheblood.(2)Analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesout

ofthebloodintotheair.(3)Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassages

andairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

第16頁，共21頁

61、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbon

dioxide

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

62、Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

63、Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively.

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

第17頁，共21頁

0.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

64、Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen.

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

65、Theairinthelungschangesthrough.

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

0.generatingapassageforevaporation

PartVITranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslatea

passagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouransweron

AnswerSheet2.

第18頁，共21頁

要了解中國文化，就應(yīng)該對中國的戲曲文化有所了解。中國地方戲種類很多，

其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種。作為一個獨立的劇種，京劇的誕生大約是在

1840年至I860。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的。京劇有明確

的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音樂上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂器。由于京劇是

在融合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的，所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘爰，也

受到全國人民的喜爰。

TheCivilServantTestCraze

ThepictureshowsthatthereareanincreasingnumberofpeopleparticipatingintheCivilServantTestinrecentyears.

MillionsofpeopleconsiderbeingacivilservantastheirmostidealoccupationThecrazeforCivilServantTesthasattracted

widespreadattention.

Thefollowingfactorsandreasonsmayaccountforthiskindofcraze.Aboveallpeople,especiallycollegestudentsare

confrontinggreatemploymentpressurenowadaysBeingacivilsecantbecomestheirpreferablechoiceasitisoneofthe

moststableprofessionsinChinaMoreover,thewelfareandsalaryofcivilservantshavebeenimprovedsteadily,whichis

quiteattractivetomanypeopleBesides,civilservantsenjoyahighsocialstatus

InmyopinionthecrazewillcontinueinthefollowingyearsHoweverthisisnotagoodphenomenonIfmanyhigh-quality

graduatesandelitesofindustriesgatherinthegovernmentdepartmentsitmightleadtoawasteofhumanresources.Itis

notbeneficialtothedevelopmentofournation,eitherTherefore,itisvitalthattheindividualshaveamoreobjective

understandingofthecrazeandmakesurenottofollowthetrendblindly

【譯文】

從圖中可以看出，近年來，越來越多的人參加公務(wù)員考試。數(shù)以百萬計的人把公務(wù)員當(dāng)做他們最理想的取業(yè)。這種公務(wù)員考試

熱引起了廣泛關(guān)注。

以下因素和原因或許可以解釋這股熱潮：首先，人們，尤其是大學(xué)生，當(dāng)前面臨著巨大的就業(yè)壓力。成為公務(wù)員是他們的優(yōu)先

選擇，因為它是中國最穩(wěn)定的取業(yè)之一。此外，公務(wù)員的福利和薪酬水平已得到穩(wěn)步提升，這對許多人來說相當(dāng)誨人。而且，

公務(wù)員享有較高的社會地位。

我認(rèn)為，接下來幾年，這股熱潮將持續(xù)下去。然而，這并不是好現(xiàn)短。假如很多高素質(zhì)的畢業(yè)生和行業(yè)精英都涌向政府部門，

這可能會導(dǎo)致人力資源的浪費，對我們國家的發(fā)展同樣不利。因此，至關(guān)