2015年考研英語一真題與答案

2015年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)

統(tǒng)一考試

英語（一）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,Cor

DontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)①Thoughnot

biologicallyrelated,friendsareasurelated”asfourthcousins,

sharingabout1%

astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityThatisof

CaliforniaandYaleofgenes.②1Universityinthe

ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has.2①

Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconductedl,932unique

subjectswhich3

pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②The

samepeoplewereusedinboth4.5①While1%may

seem,itisnotsotoageneticist.?AsJamesFowler,professor

of6medicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,eventheirfourth

cousins“Mostpeopledonot?butsomehowmanagetoselect

asfriendsthepeoplewhoourkin."8

foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedin

friendsbut①Thestudy9

notgenesforimmunity.@Whythissimilarityexistsinsmell

genesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.

,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironments

butthereismore③1110

togetherthatit.?Therecouldbemanymechanisms

workingusinchoosing12"functionalkinship"ofbeing

friendswithgeneticallysimilarfriends1413!

①Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthe

similargenesseemtobeevolving

thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelpwhyhuman

evolutionpickedpace1615

inthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeinga

majorfactor.17

Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople?s@tobefriend

thoseofsimilar1918

Thoughall(2)backgrounds,saytheresearchers,thesubjects

weredrawnfromapopulationof

thatallEuropeanextraction,carewastakentosubjects,

friendsandstrangerswere20

Thetakenfromthesamepopulation,?teamalsocontrolled

thedatatocheckancestryof

subjects.

[B]why[A]what1.[C]how[D]when

[C]withdrawn[B]concluded[A]defended2.[D]advised

[D]on[C]by[B]with[A]for3.

[C]compared[B]sought[D]connected[A]separated4.

[D]examples5.[B]objects[A]tests[C]samples

[D]incredible6.[B]unexpected[A]insignificant[C]unreliable

[D]seek[A]visit?.[B]miss[C]know

[D]resemble[A]surpass8.[B]influence[C]favor

[C]instead[A]again9.[B]also[D]thus

[C]Likewise[B]Furthermore10.[A]Meanwhile[D]Perhaps

[C]from[D]like[B]toll.[A]about1/13

[D]drive[C]confuse[A]observe12.

[D]alongwith[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof13.[A]according

to

[D]missions[B]responses[C]benefits14.[A]chances

[D]earlier[B]slower[C]later15.[A]faster

[D]understand[C]express16.[A]forecast[B]remember

[D]disruptive[C]controllablei7.[A]unpredictable[B]

contributory

[D]endeavor[C]arrangements.[A]tendency[B]decision

[D]economic19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic

[D]tell20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove

ReadingComprehensionsectionII

PartA

：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.Directions

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

”.“①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon?t

abdicate,theydieintheirsleep②

Butembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityofthe

republicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshave

So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyforcedhim

toeathiswordsandstanddown.③Doesthatmeanthe

writingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheir

isseeingitslastdays??magnificentuniformsandmajestic

lifestyles?

WhenpublicTheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothfor

andagainstmonarchy.(D②opinionisparticularlypolarised,

asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchs

canpoliticsand”mereriseabove“aspiritnityof.nationalu

“embodyw

(DItisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplains

monarchs?continuingpopularity

Eastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedAndso,

theMiddle

asheadsofstates.②

Butunlike③regionintheworld,with10kingdoms(not

countingVaticanCityandAndorra),theirabsolutist

counterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshave

survivedbecausethey

allowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversial

butrespectedpublicfigure.

SymbolicofnationalunityasEvenso,kingsandqueens

undoubtedlyhaveadownside.②①embodiestheyclaimto

be,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehave

today—AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandother③outdated

andindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.

economistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasing

powerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarre

thatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolic

heartofmoderndemocraticstates.

②①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonor

hidetheiroldaristocraticways.

Evenso,Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandride

bicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).③thesearewealthy

familieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmedia

intrusivenessmakesit

increasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.While

Europe?smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostrive

forsometimetocome,it

istheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanish

example.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy?s

reputationwithherratherordinary(D

2/13

(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.②Thedangerwillcomewith

Charles,whohasbothanexpensive

tasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.③

Hehasfailedtounderstandthat

monarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovidea

service—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.

④CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itis

kings,not

republicans,whoarethemonarchy?sworstenemies.

21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosof

Spain.

[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport[B]wasunpopular

amongEuropeanroyals

[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality[C]to

givevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingto

Paragraph4?

23.Aristocrats?excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.[A]

Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.[B]The

simplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.[C]Thenobility?s

adherencetotheirprivileges.[D]

havemosttofear24.TheBritishroyals“because.Charlesw

[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues[B]failstochangehis

lifestyleasadvised[C]takesrepublicansashispotential

allies[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole25.Whichof

thefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined[B]Charles,

AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,

SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

Text2

①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigital

data?②TheSupremeCourtwill

nowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofa

mobilephonewithoutawarrantifthe

phoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

①Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfroma

sweepingruling,particularly

onethat

upsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearch

throughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthe

timeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgesto

assesstheimplicationsofnewand

rapidlychangingtechnologies.①Thecourtwouldbe

recklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia?sadvice.②Enough

ofthe

implicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejustices

canandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

3/13

①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia?slame

argumentthatexploringthecontentsofa

smartphone—avaststorehouseofdigital

information-issimilarto,say,rifling

througha

suspect?spurse.②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon?t

violatetheFourthAmendmentwhenthey

gothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithouta

warrant.③Butexploringone?s

smartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.④A

smartphonemaycontainanarrestee?s

readinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryand

comprehensiverecordsofrecent

correspondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloud

computing,“meanwhile,hasmadethat

explorationsomuchtheeasier.①Americansshouldtake

stepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeeping

sensitive

informationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementof

normallife.@Citizensstillhavea

righttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateand

protectedbytheConstitution?s

prohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthe

case,statingthatprincipledoesn?teasethechallengeof

line-drawing.②①

Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiesto

obtainawarranttosearchthrough

TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhen

facingsevere,phonecontents,?urgentcircumstances,and

theycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphone

dataare

Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomfornoterasedor

alteredwhileawarrantispending,?policetocitesituations

wheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.②New,

disruptive?Butthejusticesshouldnotswallow

California?sargumentwhole.

OrinKerr,atechnologysometimesdemandsnovel

applicationsoftheConstitution?sprotections.③lawprofessor,

comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformation

inthe21stcentury

withtheestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessity

oflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadto

specifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthe

passengercarthen;theymustsortouthow

theFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,

itislegitimateto.

[A]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents

[B]searchforsuspects?mobilephoneswithoutawarrant[C]

checksuspects?phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones

27.Theauthor?sattitudetowardCalifornia?sargumentisone

of.

disapproval[A]indifference[B]tolerance[C]

[D]cautiousness

Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone?sphonecontentsis

comparableto.

28.gettingintoone?sresidence[A]handlingone?s

historicalrecords[B]scanningone?scorrespondences[C]

goingthroughone?swallet

[D]

InParagraphs5and6,theauthorshowshisconcern

that

29.principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed[A]

thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction[B]citizens?

privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected

[C]

4/13

[D]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation30.Orin

Kerr?scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat.

[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly

[B]newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationofthe

Constitution

[C]California?sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution

[D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered

Text3

①ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatistical

checkstoitspeer-reviewprocess,

②Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromothereditor-in-chief

MarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.

thejournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesin

dataanalysisarecontributingto

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

①EReadersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusions

publishedinourjournal,wwrites

aneditorial.(2)WorkingwiththeAmericanStatistical

Association,thejournalhasinMcNutt

(3)Manuscriptwillbeappointedsevenexpertstoastatistics

boardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).

byitsexistingBoardofflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythe

journal?sinternaleditors,or

peerreviewers.④TheSBoREpanelwillexternalthen

findReviewingEditorsorbyoutside

statisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

①Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthe

change,McNuttsaid:uThecreation

ofthestatisticsboard?wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadly

withtheapplicationofstatisticsand

Science?soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilitydataanalysis

inscientificresearchandispartof

“intheresearchwepublish.

①GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchool

ofPublicHealth,isamember

oftheSBoREgroup.②Hesaysheexpectstheboardto

“playprimarilyanadvisory@Herole.”

“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablisofthementSBoREto

benovel.agreedtojoinbecausehe

impact.④Thisimpactwillnotuniqueandlikelythetohavea

lastingonlybethrough

publicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalarger

groupofpublishingplacesthatmay

wanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

①Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearch

methodology,saysthatthepolicyis”a

"and“l(fā)ong(2)overdueuMost,journalsareweakin

statisticalreview,mostwelcomestepforward

theypublish.(3)lofwhatthinkthat,forthemajorityof

scientificandthisdamagesthequality

But④”hesays,papersnowadays,statisticalreviewismore

essentialthanexpertreview,he

notedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternal

Medicine,theJournaloftheAmerican

MedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentionto

statisticalreview.

①Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowto

analyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsare

②biologist.celltoDavidVaux,aalarminglycommonin

publishedresearch,according

Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,

butjournalsshouldalsotakea

line,“engaginreviewerswhoarestatisticallycan

verifytheliterateandeditorswhotougher

“hassomemerit,n③.VauxsaysthatScience?sideato

passsomepaperstostatisticiansprocess

butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewing

editorstoidentify,thepapersthatneed

”.scrutiny?inthefirstplace

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that.

5/13

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess[B]

journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks[C]few

journalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis[D]lackof

dataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

32.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaning

to._______

found[A]

marked[B]revised[C]stored

[D]GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentof

theSBoREmay.

33.poseathreattoallitspeers[A]meetwithstrong

opposition[B]increaseScience?scirculation[C]setan

exampleforotherjournals

[D]

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow.

addstoresearchers?workload[A]diminishestheroleof

reviewers[B]hasroomforfurtherimprovement[C]istofail

intheforeseeablefuture

[D]

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

35.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers[A]

ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect[B]Data

AnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors?Desks[C]

[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

Text4

①Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch?sdaughter,Elisabeth,

spokeofthe"unsettlingdearthof

integrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions@Integrity

had”.collapsed,sheargued,becauseofa

collectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortinginmesochaniietyshouldm

be”profitandthemarket.

(§)But“讓?sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethe

societywewant,notprofitn.

It?sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofDrivingherpoint

home,shecontinued:“①

purpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaor

businesscouldbecomeoneofthemost

Thissameabsenceofmoralpurposewas

”②dangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.

woundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,

makingitmorelikelythatitwould

loseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephone

hacking.

①Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyone

ex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,

AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfinding

hispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,

innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthof

integritystillstand.②Journalistsare

knowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.?

Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,

NewsoftheWorldin2001tobeaswasacknowledgedby

GlennMulcaire,themanhiredbythe

thepointpersonforphonehacking.@Othersawaittrial.?

Thislongstorystillunfolds.

①Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnot

onlythefactofsuchwidespread

phonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.②

Oneoftheastonishingrevelations

6/13

washowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninher

newsroom,howlittleshethoughtto

askandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.

③Thecoreofhersuccessful

defencewasthatsheknewnothing.

①Intoday?sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell

-paidexecutivesshouldnotbe

②Perhapsweshouldnotbesoaccountableforwhathappens

intheorganizationsthattheyrun.

Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinesurprised.③has

beenthatthesortingmechanismof

@Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,

shareholdersocietyshouldbeprofit.

?value,business-friendly,innewspapers,circulation.wealth

generation,sales,impactand,

Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeen

justice,andfairness,tolerance,proportionality

accountability.

①ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnotto

promotereaderunderstanding,to

befairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.

②Itwastoruinlivesinthequestfor

circulationandimpact.③MsBrooksmayormaynothave

hadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalists

gottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gaveno

instructions—norreceivedtraceable,

recordedanswers.

36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupset

by_______.

[A]theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism[B]

companies?financiallossduetoimmoralpractices

[C]governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues

[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions

37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that.

[A]GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime

[B]morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking[C]

AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge

[D]phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions

38.TheauthorbelievestheRebekah

Books?sdefence.

[A]revealedacunningpersonality[B]centeredontrivial

issues

[C]washardlyconvincing[D]waspartofaconspiracy

39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrine

shows.

[A]generallydistortedvalues

[B]unfairwealthdistribution

[C]amarginalizedlifestyle

[D]arigidmoralcode

40.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?

[A]Thequalityofwritingisofprimaryimportance.

[B]Commonhumanityiscentralinnewsreporting.

[C]Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.[D]

Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.

7/13

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemost

A-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextra

choices,suitableonefromthelist

whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutryto

comprehend,inthesenseofidentifying

meaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationships

betweenthem,drawingonyour

implicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)

______________________________Youbeginto

inferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisions

aboutwhatkindofspeecheventis

involved:Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenand

where?Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithout

doubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshow

comprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutof

activeengagementininference

bytograspyouandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationfeel

thewriterhasinvitedyou

presentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)

Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactly

thesametrackforeachreader.

“true”meaningthatcanbeWhatisinquestionisnotthe

retrievalofanabsolute,fixedor

andcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetext

totheworld.(43)______________

reflectswhoweare.(44)Such

backgroundmaterialinevitably

merelyrelativeorevenpointless.PreciselybecauseThis

doesn?t,however,makeinterpretation

readersfromdifferentdifferentbuthistoricalperiods,placesand

socialexperiencesproduce

thepage—includingfortextsthatreadingsengagewithof

thesamewordsonoverlapping

fundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscan

playanimportantroleinsocialdiscussion

ofbeliefsandvalues.

Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonour

particularinterestinreadingit.

readingsuggest—asothersintroducedlater

in(45)Suchdimensionsof

alsodo—thatwebringanimplicitunacknowledged)agenda

toanyactofthebookwill(often

reading.Itdoesn?tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindof

readingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethan

another.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,

andactasuseful

referencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.

Together,theymakeupthereading

componentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyour

surroundingtextualenvironment.

[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythat

fulfilstherequirementofagiven

course?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?

Waysofreadingona

trainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadingina

seminarroom.

[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichweare

reading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageand

socialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretations

butatthesametimeobscureor

evencloseoffothers.

Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheir

meaning,usingcluespresented

[C]inthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecome

relevantlater,youmakeamental

noteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetween

them.

Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffects

thatanygivensentence,

[D]imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbethe

onestheauthorintended.Youmakefurtherinferences,for

instance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,or

[E]

8/13

aboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofa

personalresponseforwhichtheauthor

willinevitablybefarlessresponsible.

[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakas

constructscreatedbytheauthor,

notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor?sownthoughts.

Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisof

interactionbetweenwhatwemightcall[G]textualand

contextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationor

patterningweperceiveina

text?sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)

andvariouskindsofbackground,

socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowing

textcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthand

earlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthe

greatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropeto

America.(46)

Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,

builtanationoutofawildernessand,

byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofan

unchartedcontinent.

(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforcesthe

immigrationofEuropean—

peopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnational

characteristicsandtheimpactofanew

countrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonial

AmericawasaprojectionofEurope.

AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,

Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,

Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedto

transplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothe

newworld.(48)Buttheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiar

toAmerica,theinterplayofthevaried

nationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyof

maintainingold-worldwaysin

araw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.These

changesweregradualandatfirst

scarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,

althoughitresembledEuropean

societyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctly

American.

(49)Thefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritory

whichisnowtheUnitedStates

crossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe

15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorth

America.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeen

establishedinMexico,theWest

Indies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmerica

cameinsmall,unmercifully

overcrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,

theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfood

allottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,many

passengersdiedofdisease,and

infantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthe

vesselsfarofftheircourse,andoften

calmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.

lbtheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshore

broughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.

Saidonerecorderofevents,ewnTheairattwelveleagues?

distancesmeltassweet-asblowaugarden.”Thecolonists?

firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.

(50)Thevirgin

forestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasareal

treasure-housewhichextendedfromMaine

allthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfueland

lumber.Herewastherawmaterialof

housesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.

SectionIIIWriting

9/13

PartA51.Directions:Youaregoingtohostaclubreading

session.Writeanemailofabout100words

recommendingabooktotheclubmembers.

Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

writetheinstead.DonotuDonotsignyourownnameatthe

endoftheletter.UseLiMing

address(10points)

PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200words

basedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethepicturebriefly,interpretitsintendedmeaning,

and2)giveyourcomments.

3)YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20

points)

10/13

2015年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英

語一參考答案

11/13

SectionIUseofEnglish(10points)

6.A5,C3.D4.C7.C8.D9.B10.D1.A2.B

12.D