初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)與練習(xí)

陳述句：肯定句否定句疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句肯定句變否定句句子中有be，在be后加not1)Iamastudent.Iamnotastudent.2)Theyareblue.Theyaren’tblue.3)HeisKangkang.Heisn’tKangkang.2、謂語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞原形，在動(dòng)詞前加don’t。1)Ihaveabook.Idon’thaveabook.2)TheylikeChinese.Theydon’tlikeChinese.3)WecomefromChina.Wedon’tcomefromChina.3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，在動(dòng)詞前加doesn’t，動(dòng)詞用原形。1)Shehasasmallmouth.Shedoesn’thaveasmallmouth.2)MarialikesChina.Mariadoesn’tlikeChina.3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.Janedoesn’tcomefromtheU.S.A.練習(xí)：將下列句子變成否定句。1.Iamateacher.Iateacher.2.Wearestudents.Westudents.3.Janeisagirl.Janeagirl.4.TheylikeEnglish.TheylikeChinese5.IcomefromChina.IcomefromChina.6.HelikesChinese.HelikeChinese.7.MariacomesfromCuba.MariacomefromCuba.8.WeknowMaria.WeknowMaria.二、肯定句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句變化規(guī)則1)含be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的把它們提前。2)沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be兩項(xiàng)的加do/does。3)句末用“？”，開(kāi)頭單詞字母大寫(xiě)。（注；有第一人稱(chēng)的要變第二人稱(chēng)）即：把I變?yōu)閥ou,把we變?yōu)閥ou,把my變?yōu)閥our,把our變?yōu)閥our;把a(bǔ)m變?yōu)閍re。1、句子中有be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，把他們提到句首Be:am,isare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can,may,could,would1)Iamastudent.Areyouastudent?2)Theyareblue.Aretheyblue?3)Hecanplaytheguitar.Canheplaytheguitar?2.謂語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞原形，在句首加do。1)Ihaveabook.Doyouhaveabook?2)TheylikeChinese.DotheylikeChinese?3)WecomefromChina.DoyoucomefromChina?謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，在句首加Does，動(dòng)詞用原形。1)Shehasasmallmouth.Doesshehaveasmallmouth?2)MarialikesChina.DoesMarialikeChina?3)JanecomesfromtheU.S.A.DoesJanecomefromtheU.S.A?4)SheknowsMaria.DoessheknowMaria?練習(xí):將下列句子變成一般疑問(wèn)句。1.Iamateacher.ateacher?2.Theyarestudents.Students?3.Janeisagirl.agirl?4.TheylikeEnglish.theylikeEnglish?5.IcomefromChina.youcomefromChina?6.HelikesChinese.heChinese?7.MariacomesfromCuba.MariafromCuba?8.WespeakChinese.youChinese?三.一般疑問(wèn)句做肯定,否定回答AreyouMaria?肯定回答：Yes,Iam.否定回答：No,I’mnot.其句型結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定回答：Yes,主+助/系.肯定回答：Yes,主+助/系.2.問(wèn)句和答語(yǔ)的助動(dòng)詞保持一致.1)Areyouastudent?肯:Yes,Iam.否：No,I’mnot.2)IsheKangkang?肯：Yes，heis.否：No，heisn’t.3)DotheylikeChinese?肯：Yes,theydo.否：No,theydon’t.4)Doesshehaveasmallmouth?肯：Yes,shedoes.否：No,shedoesn’t.問(wèn)句和答語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)保持一致。（必須用主格）1)IsJanefromtheU.S.A?2)DoesKangkangcomefromChina?3)DoJaneandMarialikeChina?4)Isthisaruler?5)Isthatadesk?6)Arethesebooks?7)Arethosepencils?8)Aretheseerasers?9)Isthatanorange?練習(xí)：給下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。1.Areyouastudent?Yes,.No,.2.DotheylikeEnglish?Yes,.No,.3.IsJaneagirl?Yes,.No,.4.DoesMarialikeChina?Yes,.No,5.IsKangkangastudent?Yes,.No,.6.Isthatagirl?Yes,.No,.7.Arethosetelephones?Yes,.No,.8.DoesTomknowJane?Yes,.No,.9.DotheycomefromtheU.S.A?Yes,.No,.10.Isthisanegg?Yes,.No,.特殊疑問(wèn)句（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）特殊疑問(wèn)句其實(shí)就是用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句。它的結(jié)構(gòu)就是：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句！疑問(wèn)代詞：what，who，whose，疑問(wèn)副詞：where，howwhat—“什么”，對(duì)事物，人名，職業(yè)，時(shí)間，電話號(hào)碼提問(wèn)注意：whatclass/grade對(duì)班級(jí)提問(wèn)whatcolor對(duì)顏色提問(wèn)whatis+人對(duì)職業(yè)提問(wèn)（干什么的）whattimeisit?=whatisthetime?(對(duì)時(shí)間)Who–-“誰(shuí)”，對(duì)人名，與人的關(guān)系提問(wèn)注意：whoisLily?Sheismysister.Whose–“誰(shuí)的”，對(duì)所屬關(guān)系提問(wèn)Thebookismine.(劃線部分提問(wèn))Whoseisthebook.Thesearemybooks.(劃線部分提問(wèn))Whosebooksarethese?Where—“哪里”，對(duì)地點(diǎn)、地方提問(wèn)如:1)MysisterisfromChina.(劃線部分提問(wèn))Whereisyoursisterfrom?2)HecomesfromChina.(劃線部分提問(wèn))Wheredoeshecomefrom?How–“怎么樣”，對(duì)身體狀況，天氣提問(wèn)如：Myfatherisfine.(劃線部分提問(wèn))Howisyourfather?注意：howold對(duì)年齡對(duì)問(wèn)howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞howmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)howmuch+is/are…？“多少錢(qián)”將劃線部分去掉,分析句意.1.MynameisNancy.yourname?2.IamfromChina.areyoufrom?3.Iamfine.areyou?4.Miss.WangisourEnglishteacher.isyourEnglishteacher?5.Lucyistenyearsold.areyou?6.HeisinClassOneGradeTwo.ishein?特殊句式：Whatdoeshe/she/其他主語(yǔ)+do?對(duì)職業(yè)提問(wèn)“她/他是干什么的？”Whatdoeshe/shelooklike?對(duì)人的外貌的提問(wèn)“他/她長(zhǎng)什么樣子？”WhatcanIdoforyou?購(gòu)物用語(yǔ)，對(duì)人的需要提問(wèn)，“我能為你做什么？”Can/mayIhelpyou?“我可以幫你嗎？”Whatdoyouthinkof…=Howdoyoulike…你認(rèn)為什么怎么樣？7.Mytelephonenumberis5805000.yourtelephonenumber?8.Theyarecars.arethese?9.Thisismycap.capisthis?10.MyfavoritemoviestarisBruceLee.isyourfavoritemoviestar?11.Itisyellow.isit？12.Sheistall.Whatdoesshe?五.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換.1.PleasegiveJanethebook.PleasethebookJane.2.Couldyoupleasetellmeyourname?Couldyoupleaseyournameme?3.Hehasshorthair.isshort.4.Ihaveabignose.isbig.5.Youhaveawidemouth.iswide.6.MyEnglishteacherisold.MyEnglishteacherisnot.7.Bettyisnotshort.Bettyis.8.Thisismybook.Thisis.9.Thisjacketisnotnew.Thisjacketis.10.Myrulerisnotlong.Myruleris.11.Shelookslikehermom.Sheandhermomlook.12.TheycomefromChina.TheyChina.六、單數(shù)形式句子變復(fù)數(shù)形式1、指示代詞變化:this變these,that變those.2、人稱(chēng)代詞變化:I變we;he/she/it變they;My變our;his/her/its變their，第二人稱(chēng)不變3、有am/is的要變成為are。4、名詞要做相應(yīng)的變化；注意不規(guī)則變化的一些詞：(man-men,woman-women,child-childrenJapanese,Chinese,English不變)如：1)Ithinksheisthatwoman’schild.Wethinktheyarethosewomen’schildren.2.將下列句子變成單數(shù)1.Theyarepencils.apencil.2.Theseareerasers.aneraser.3.Theyareboys.aboy.4.Theyaregirls.agirl.5.Thosearebooks.abook.6.Thesearedesks.adesk.7.Theseareboxes.a.8.Thosearecars.a仁愛(ài)版七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期末總復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)與練習(xí)（二）一、區(qū)別has/have與am/is/are的用法：has/have表示“有”，即“某人有某物”，am/is/are表示“是”即“…是…”二、有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法：動(dòng)詞原形和動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式（一）動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式：動(dòng)詞+s/es，規(guī)則：1）一般情況以及以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“s”，如：make----makes;come----comes2)動(dòng)詞以o，s，ch，sh,x結(jié)尾，加“es”，如：do---does;watch----watches;wish---wishes;miss----misses;guess----guesses3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把y改為i，再加es,如:study---studies4）特殊情況：have----has（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1）主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，否定句，在動(dòng)詞前加doesn’t,再把動(dòng)詞改回原形，一般疑問(wèn)句，在句首加does，再把動(dòng)詞改回原形,回答用：Yes,人稱(chēng)代詞+does./No,人稱(chēng)代詞+doesn’t.如：Shehassmalleyes.Shedoesn’thavesmalleyes.--Doesshehavesmalleyes?--Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.2)主語(yǔ)為除第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)之外的人稱(chēng)，否定句，在動(dòng)詞前加don’t,一般疑問(wèn)句，在句首加do,回答用：Yes,人稱(chēng)代詞+do./No,人稱(chēng)代詞+don’t.如：Theyhavesmalleyes.Theydon’thavesmalleyes.--Dotheyhavesmalleyes?--Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.練習(xí)：()1..---______heAmerican?---Yes.HecomesfromAmerica.A.AreB.DoesC.DoD.Is()2.---Doyouhaveasister?---___________.A.Yes,youdoB.Yes,IdoC.Yes,Iam.D.Yes,youdo.()3.Ellen_____anoldbookandherbrothers_______manynewbooks.A.has,hasB.have,haveChave,hasD.has,have()4.Whatcolor_________helike?A.isB.doC.hasD.does()5._____hehaveabignoseorasmallone?A.DoesB.DoC.IsD.Are()6.IamsorryI______knowher.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.don’tD.haven’t根據(jù)句子意思，用is,are,am,do,does,have,has填空。1.I__________aChineseteacher.2._______youfromCanada?3.________theyhavemanyfriends?4.________hefromHainan?5.---______Jackhaveagoodfriend?---Yes,he______.6._______heagoodteacher?---Yes,he______.7.Heandhissister_______indifferentgrades.8.______yourmotheradoctor?9.I_____anoldfriend.HisnameisAllan.10.Kangkang_______apanda.Itisverycute.11.You________anicehouse.Ilikeiteverymuch.12.BruceLee_______manybooks.13.Dothey_______fifteenapples?14.DoesBruceLee_______manyfriendsinChina?15.Jerry______abignose.16.He_______amapofHainan.Hedoesn’t________amapofChina.17.--Doesyourfather______awidemouth?--No,he______not.18.Myfriend,LiMing________onlyonesister.三、名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的用法區(qū)別：名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的漢語(yǔ)意思是一樣的，名詞性物主代詞可獨(dú)立使用，后面不要跟名詞；但形容詞性物主代詞不可獨(dú)立使用，后面要跟名詞。如：Itismyshirt.=Itismine.句子當(dāng)中my為形容詞性物主代詞，mine為名詞性物主代詞，your,his,her,our,its,their，my等都屬于形容詞性物主代詞，形容詞性物主代詞通常置于名詞前，修飾限定名詞，作定語(yǔ)；而名詞性物主代詞mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，或表語(yǔ)；如：Isthisyourcoat?==Isthiscoatyours?這是你的大衣嗎？練習(xí)：()1.--Isthatcoat________.?--Yes,it’s_________coat..A.his,he’sB.yours,yourCher,hersD.mine,your()2.Ourbooksarehere.________areoverthere.A.They’reB.TheirC.TheirsD.Your()3Sheisagirl,________nameisMary.A.sheB.hisC.herD.she’s()4.---______dressisit?---It’shers.A.Who’sB.WhoseC.WhatD.Which()5._______colorisyellow.A.It’sB.ItsC.IsitD.Yours根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)單詞：1.Could_________(你)ask_________(他)tocall_________(我)back?2.Don’tforget_________（我們）.3._________(我們)wouldliketobuy_________(他們).4.Could_________(你們)help___________(她)out?5.There’sonedollaronthefloor.Pick___________(它)up.6._________（他們）arefriendlyto___________（你們）.7.__________(我)like_______（她）alot.8.__________(她)brings______（他們）to_______（我們）.9.Does_________（他）give_______(它)to__________(他)？10._________（他）does__________(他的)homeworkonSunday.11.___________(它)can’tfind__________(它的)wayhome.12.___________（她）looksafter_________(她的)grandmother.13.Thisis__________（我的）pen.That’s__________（你的）。14.Thesecoatsaren’t_________(我的).Ithinkthey’re__________（你們的）。15._________(他的)jacketisblue.__________（她的）iswhite.16.---Whosebikeisthis?---It’s__________（他的）.17.Thoseare_________(我們的)desks.__________（他們的）areoverthere.18.--AretheseTVsets_________（我們的）？--No,they’re_________(他們的)TV.用所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften__________(get)upathalfpastsix.2.---________she____(like)noodles?---Yes,she______.3.Jack_______________(notplay)soccer.4.Jane_____________(have)anewpen.ButTom___________(nothave)one.5.We__________(study)inNo.1HighSchool.Mike_______(study)inNo.26.Maria___________(try)onthenewdress.7.Theyoften__________(fly)kites.Kateoften__________(fly)akite,too.8.Roseoften___________(cry).Butherbrother___________(cry)alot.9.Kangkangoften__________(carry)waterfortheoldman.10.Hisuncleoften_______(buy)somedeliciousfoodforhimandheoften_______(take)ittotheschooltoeat.11.LucyandLily_________(go)toschoolat7o’clock.Jim________(go)at6:45.12.I________(teach)mathhere.Myfather________(teach)English.13.--________Maryoften___________(watch)TV?--Yes,sheoften__________(watch)itonSunday.14._____youwant________(eat)somehamburgers?15.--Wouldyoulike__________(sing)somesongswithme?--Yes,I’dloveto.16.Don’tforget________(bring)yourclothes.17.Couldyouaskher__________(have)supperwithme?18.It’s6:20.It’stime________(get)upnow.19.--Doyoulike___________(speak)English?--Yes,Ido.20.--MayI_________(take)yourorder?--Abottleofapplejuice.21.--CanI__________(sit)downnow?—Sure.22.Whynot__________(come)toChina?Goodidea.23.Letme_________(help)you.24.--Howabout____________(swim)thisSunday?--Noproblem.25.Mr.Chenaskshim________(come)toschoolontime.四、重點(diǎn)句型和短語(yǔ)：1.Who’syourfavoritefilmstar?2.Whatcolorishis/herhair?3.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.4.lookthesame/lookat/looklike5.Thegirlingreen/Thegirlinagreenskirt/Theonewithblackhairandblackeyes.6.Weareinthesameschool,butweareindifferentgrades.7.--Whosedressisthis?--It’smine.8.rousers,gloves,shoes,socks常以復(fù)數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn),如：apairoftrousers，apairofshoes，apairofglasses9.What++主語(yǔ)（某人）+looklike?長(zhǎng)得怎么樣？如：--Whatdoesyourfatherlooklike?--Heisnotverytallbutverystrong.練習(xí)：按要求改寫(xiě)句子。（每空一詞）1.Heisagoodstudent.（否定句）He________agoodstudent.2.Weareinthesameschool.（一般疑問(wèn)句）_____________inthesameschool?3.Doesshehavearoundface?(肯定回答)__________,________________.4.SheisJones.(就劃線部分提問(wèn))________________________?5.Herhairisbrown.（同義句）She_____________________________.6.Dotheyhaveabighouse??.(否定回答)_________，_____