UNIT4重難知識(shí)點(diǎn)(備課件)高二英語系列（人教版2019選擇性必修第二冊(cè)）

Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand重難知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.arisevi.(arose,arisen)起身;出現(xiàn);由……引起*(2019?全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.雖然我只列出了兩種,但顯然還有許多其他可能出現(xiàn)的情況。*Accidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.事故常起因于粗心?！驹~塊積累】arisefrom/outof 由……引起/發(fā)生【易混辨析】arise,rise與raise易混詞詞性及詞義例句arisevi.(arose,arisen)發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);由……引起,產(chǎn)生Anewcrisishasarisen.新的危機(jī)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。risevi.(rose,risen)上升,升起,增長(zhǎng)Smokerosefromthechimney.煙從煙囪中升起。raisevt.(raised,raised)提高;舉起;提出;籌集;飼養(yǎng)Heraisedthegunandfired.他舉槍射擊?！局R(shí)微練】(1)語法填空①Emotionalormentalproblemscanarise_____aphysicalcause.②Arethereanymatters______(arise)fromtheminutesofthelastmeeting?(2)選詞填空(arise/rise/raise)①Themeetingwilldiscussthematters______fromtherecentchangesinthelaw.②Thesun____intheeastandsetsinthewest.③MoreTVprogramswillbeproduced_______people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.

fromarisingarisingrisestoraise2.boundadj.準(zhǔn)備前往(某地);一定會(huì)*ThetrainisboundforChicago.這趟火車是開往芝加哥的。*Iamboundtosayyourabsencefromthemeetingwasunwise.我必須告訴你,你缺席會(huì)議是不明智的。【詞塊積累】boundfor 前往……的beboundtodosth. 一定會(huì)/很可能會(huì)……;有義務(wù)/有責(zé)任【知識(shí)微練】(1)語法填空①Iknowthattheplaneisbound___Beijing.②You’vedonesomuchworkthatyouarebound______(pass)theexam.

(2)Today,we___________________onaBoeing757.

今天,我們乘坐波音757飛往北京。fortopassareboundforBeijing3.sceneryn.風(fēng)景;景色*(2020?全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)DiscovertheChinaof“pastages”,itswalledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.與羅伯特·索普教授一起探索中國(guó)“過去的時(shí)代”,它的城池、寺廟和山景。*(2020?全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Ifyoudo,youwon’tbeabletohandleitandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthatruinseveryone’sday.如果你這樣做了,你將無法處理它,整個(gè)事情將發(fā)展成一個(gè)不愉快的場(chǎng)景,破壞每個(gè)人的一天?！疽谆毂嫖觥縮cene指局部的、一眼可見全貌的風(fēng)景或景色,不限于自然的風(fēng)景,也常指(戲劇、電影、小說等的)場(chǎng)景、布景scenery指某一國(guó)家或某一地區(qū)的整體的自然風(fēng)景,不可數(shù)名詞sight指眼見的景色,如供人游覽之地的“景”或“景色”,尤指人工制成的景,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式view主要指從某個(gè)位置或角度看到的景色【知識(shí)微練】選詞填空(scenery/scene/sight/view)(1)Theteam’svictoryproduced______ofjoyalloverthecountry.(2)Intheafternoon,you’llhaveachancetorelaxandseethe_____ofParis.(3)Thetouristsoncamelscanenjoythe_______ofthedesert.(4)ThehigherIgot,themoreamazedIwasbythe____.

scenessightssceneryview4.freezingadj.極冷的;冰凍的*(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Itwasanextremelycoldwinter’seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.那是一個(gè)極其寒冷的冬天的晚上,空氣中彌漫著冰冷的霧。*Itwasfreezingcoldlastnight.昨天夜里極為寒冷。*Itwaswellbelowfreezingwhenweleft.我們離開時(shí),氣溫已降到冰點(diǎn)以下了?！驹~塊積累】(1)freezingcold 極為寒冷thefreezingpoint 冰點(diǎn)above/belowfreezing 零上/零下(2)frozen adj.

冷凍的,結(jié)冰的,凍僵的(3)freeze(froze,frozen) v.

結(jié)冰,凍結(jié)befrozentodeath 被凍死【知識(shí)微練】(1)語法填空①______(freeze)fooddoesharmtoyourhealth.②Theseplantsmustbestoredinthelightat______freezingtemperature.③Ona_______morningthelittlegirlwasfound______atthecornerofthestreet.(freeze)(2)Itwasverycoldlastyear;thetemperature_________________________________________(時(shí)不時(shí)地降到冰點(diǎn)).

(3)Thepipes__________(已經(jīng)凍了),sowe’vegotnowater.

Frozenabovefreezingfrozendroppedtothefreezingpointfromtimetotimehavefrozen5.Thenextmorning,thetwogirlsaroseearlytotakethetraintoLakeLouise,passingthroughtheCanadianRockies.第二天早上,兩個(gè)女孩起得很早,坐火車去路易斯湖,途經(jīng)加拿大的落基山脈。

【句式解構(gòu)】

passingthroughtheCanadianRockies作arose的伴隨狀語,狀語中動(dòng)作passthrough與句子的謂語動(dòng)詞arose表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作方式或伴隨狀語,說明謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、背景或情況。分詞的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。作伴隨狀語時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列成分。*Morrislayonthegrass,feelingdepressedaboutthiswholesituation.=Morrislayonthegrassandfeltdepressedaboutthiswholesituation.莫里斯躺在草地上,對(duì)整個(gè)情形感到沮喪。*Thetrampstoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.=Thetrampstoodbythedoor,anddidn’tdaretosayaword.那個(gè)流浪漢站在門旁,不敢說一句話?！局R(shí)微練】(1)語法填空①Hecame_______(run)backtotellmethenews.②WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,______(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.③Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_______(leave)thebreakfastuntouched.(2)Theystoodthere,__________________.

他們站在那里又說又笑。runningtellingleavingtalkingandlaughing6.Itwasnotuntil9:30a.m.thattheyfinallyreachedthecapitalofOntario,Toronto.

直到上午9點(diǎn)半,她們終于到達(dá)了安大略省的首府多倫多。【句式解構(gòu)】對(duì)not...until...句式進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),應(yīng)將not一起放在被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中,即Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。其中that后面的部分要用肯定式。*ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.直到我來到這里我才意識(shí)到這個(gè)地方不僅因?yàn)樗拿利惗劽?還因它的天氣而聞名。【知識(shí)微練】(1)句式升級(jí)Thestudentsdidn’tcalmdownuntiltheteachercamein.→_____________theteachercamein____thestudentscalmeddown.

(2)Youmaystayhere___________________(直到雨停).

(3)Youcan’tseethroughthetelescope___________________________(調(diào)節(jié)到適合于你的目光).

Itwasnotuntilthatuntil/tilltherainstopsuntilitisadjustedtoyoureyes7.contraryadj.相反的;相對(duì)立的n.相反的事實(shí)(或事情)*(2020?新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions,it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.和現(xiàn)存研究的結(jié)論“你應(yīng)該避免和肥胖且吃得多的人在一起吃飯”相反,你真正需要避免接觸的應(yīng)該是身材苗條但是吃得多的人。*Showmesomeevidencetothecontrary.給我看看有什么相反的證據(jù)吧?！驹~塊積累】contraryto 與……相反(形容詞短語,可作定語、表語或狀語)tothecontrary 相反的;相反地(相當(dāng)于形容詞或副詞,起形容詞作用時(shí),作后置定語)onthecontrary 與此相反,正相反(在句中作狀語)【知識(shí)微練】根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)腸ontrary短語(1)Mysister’stasteindress____________myown.

(2)Itwasn’tagoodthing;______________,itwasahugemistake.

(3)AlthoughBillwasgoingtothemovies,hetoldJoe_____________.

iscontrarytoonthecontrarytothecontrary8.anyhowadv.(結(jié)束交談或轉(zhuǎn)換話題時(shí))不過;反正(也作anyway)*Iamafraidwecan’tcome,butthanksforyourinvitationanyhow.我恐怕我們來不了,不過還是感謝你的邀請(qǐng)。*(2020?浙江高考)ObviouslyDonhadsomehowmadethevehiclemove.顯然,Don不知怎么把車子發(fā)動(dòng)了起來。【詞塊積累】somehow adv.以某種方式;不知怎么地【知識(shí)微練】(1)選詞填空(anyhow;somehow)①_________,Idon’tfeelIcantrusthim.②ThewaterwasverycoldbutItookashower_______.(2)___________________________today.

我今天無論如何要完成這項(xiàng)工作。(3)I’msorryIdidn’trecognizeyoujustnow.You____________________.

我很抱歉剛才沒認(rèn)出你來。不知怎么地,你看上去不一樣了。SomehowanyhowAnyhowImustfinishthisjoblookdifferentsomehow9.astonishvt.使十分驚訝;使吃驚*Wewereastonishedtofindthetempleinitsoriginalcondition.我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)寺廟還是原來的樣子。*TheyoungJubiladowasastonishedattheBajaubecausetheycouldstaylongunderwater.年輕的Jubilado對(duì)Bajau人感到驚訝,因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谒麓荛L(zhǎng)時(shí)間。*AfterItoldherthenews,shestaredatmeinastonishment.我把消息告訴她之后,她驚訝得睜大了眼睛盯著我。*Totheastonishmentofthepublic,uptonow,thegovernmenthasn’treactedtotheproblem.令公眾驚訝的是,到目前為止,政府還沒有對(duì)這個(gè)問題做出反應(yīng)?！驹~塊積累】beastonishedtodosth. 對(duì)做某事感到驚訝beastonishedat/by... 對(duì)……感到驚訝astonishment n.驚訝;驚異inastonishment 驚訝地;吃驚地【知識(shí)微練】(1)語法填空①Iwasastonished_____(see)himhere.

②Youlookastonished_____thenews.③Itis__________(astonish)tohearhimsayso.④___myastonishment,hewasthefirsttocome.toseeat/byastonishingTo(2)同義句改寫Wewereastonishedthatheactuallyarrivedpunctually.①_________________wasthatheactuallyarrivedpunctually.(用what引導(dǎo)主語從句改寫)

②______________thatheactuallyarrivedpunctually.(用it作形式主語改寫)

WhatastonishedusItastonishedus10.owevt.欠(賬、債、情等)*Youowemorethangoldtohimwhoisinfavourofyou.=Youowehimmorethangoldwhoisinfavourofyou.對(duì)于支持你的人,你欠他的不只是金子。*Heoweswhathehastodaytothereform.他把他今天所擁有的歸功于改革。*IowedittoyouthatIgraspedtheopportunity.多虧你幫助我,我才抓住了這次機(jī)會(huì)?！驹~塊積累】owesth.tosb./owesb. sth.欠某人某物【知識(shí)微練】(1)語法填空①Thecountryowesbillionsofdollars__foreigncreditors.②Hewasoutofwork______(owe)toaphysicalinjury.(2)_______________________(由于天氣不好),wedidn’tgotothepark.

(3)Heaskedforhelpfromacolleaguewho________________(欠他一個(gè)人情).

toowingOwingtothebadweatherowedhimafavour11Standinginthedistance,theywereastonishedtoseemistycloudsrisingfromthegreatNiagaraFalls,whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.

站在遠(yuǎn)處,她們驚訝地看到薄霧從湖南邊