病理學(xué)（南開大學(xué)）智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年南開大學(xué)

病理學(xué)（南開大學(xué)）智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年南開大學(xué)Theforeignbodygiantcellhasnucleiarrangedinahorseshoe-shapepatternabouttheperipheryofthecell,whiletheLangerhansgiantcellhasscatterednuclei.

答案:錯Hematogenousmetastasesaretypicalofspreadfromcarcinomas.

答案:錯Riedelthyroiditisisanautoimmunedisorderwhichoccursmoreofteninwomenthaninmen.

答案:錯Thereisapropensityforinvasionofvascularchannelswithhematogenousdisseminationinhepatocellularcarcinoma.

答案:對Bonebelongstotissuecomposedprimarilyofnondividingpermanentcells.

答案:錯Diabeticgangreneistypicalfordiabetesmellitus.

答案:對WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouthyperemiaareCORRECT?

答案:Bothhyperemiaandcongestionrefertoalocalincreasedvolumeofbloodinaparticulartissue;HyperemiaisanactiveprocessinwhicharteriolardilationresultsinaugmentedbloodflowThedefinitionofearlygastriccarcinomarequires:

答案:Thepresenceorabsenceofperigastriclymphnodemetastases;AlesionconfinedtothemucosaandsubmucosaWhichofthefollowinginflammatorycellsarethemostimportantphagocyticcells?

答案:Monocytes-macrophages;NeutrophilsWhichofthefollowingriskfactorsareassociatedwithatherosclerosis?

答案:Age;Obesity;DietWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiabetesareINCORRECT?

答案:Type1diabetesiscausedbyperipheralresistancetoinsulinaction;Intype2diabetes,insulitisofLangerhansisletsiscommon;Type2diabetescomprises10%ofallprimarydiabetesThemainmanifestationsofnephroticsyndromeinclude

答案:Severeedema;Hypoproteinemia;Massiveproteinuria;HyperlipidemiaA55-year-oldmanhashadmalaiseanda4kgweightlossoverthepast6months.Onphysicalexaminationhisstoolispositiveforoccultblood.AnabdominalCTscanshowshislivercontainsmultipletumormassesfrom2to5cminsizewithcentralnecrosis.Thesurroundinghepaticparenchymaappearsnormal.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofneoplasiaareillustratedbythesefindings?

答案:Advancedstage;PrimaryneoplasmislikelyinthecolonThehistologicalfeaturesofchronichepatitisinclude:

答案:Interfacehepatitis;Portalinflammation;Bridgingnecrosis;FibroustissueseptaAnepidemiologicstudyofeatinghabitsisperformed.Dietarypatternsofadultpatientsarerecordedandcomparedtoriskforcardiovasculardiseases.Itisobservedthatpersonswhoeatbaconforbreakfastaremorelikelytohavecardiovasculardiseasethanpersonswhoeatoatbrancereal.Whichofthefollowingconditionsisthe'bacon'groupmostlikelytohave?

答案:VentricularaneurysmWhichofthefollowingisthemostlikelypredisposingfactortodevelopmentoflungcancer:

答案:SmokingReviewofaseriesofsurgicalpathologyreportsindicatesthatacertaintypeofneoplasmisdiagnosedasgradeIonascaleofItoIV.Clinically,someofthepatientswiththisneoplasmarefoundtohavestageIdisease.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationofaneoplasmwiththesedesignations?

答案:Well-differentiatedandlocalizedA40-year-oldwomanhasnotedpainlessswellingofherneckforthepast3weeks.Onphysicalexaminationthereisdiffuseenlargementofherthyroid.Laboratorystudiesshowanincreasedtiterofanti-thyroidperoxidaseandanti-thyroglobulinantibodies.SheisdiagnosedashavingHashimotothyroiditis.Whichofthefollowingcomplicationsisshemostlikelytodevelop?

答案:HypothyroidismA32-year-oldwomanhasnoteddullpelvicpainforthelasttwomonths.Onphysicalexaminationthereisamasspalpatedintherightlowerquadrant.Anabdominalultrasoundrevealsan8cmmassinvolvingtherightovary.Themassissurgicallyexcised.Ongrossinspection,thesurfaceofthemassissmoothandisnotadherenttosurroundingpelvicstructure.Onsectioningitiscysticandfilledwithhair.Onmicroscopicexaminationthereissquamousepithelium,tallcolumnarglandularepithelium,cartilage,andfibrousconnectivetissue.Whichofthefollowingneoplasmsisshemostlikelytohave?

答案:TeratomaA27-year-oldwomaninexcellenthealthhasaroutinehealthmaintenanceexamination.A2cmfirm,roundedmassispalpablebeneaththeskinoftheleftforearm.Shehasnodifficultyusingthearmandthereisnoassociatedpainwiththemass,eitherinmovementoronpalpation.Theoverlyingskinappearsnormal.Themassdoesnotchangeinsizeoverthenextyear.Whichofthefollowingneoplasmsisshemostlikelytohave?

答案:LipomaAfterthebirthofherfirstchild,a19-year-oldwomanbreast-fedtheinfantforabout1year.Whichofthefollowingprocessesthatoccurredinthebreastduringpregnancyallowedhertobreast-feedtheinfant?

答案:LobularhyperplasiaWhileinahomeimprovementcenterwarehousebuyingpaint,a35-year-oldmanhears'Lookoutbelow!'andisthenstruckonthelegbyafallingpalletrack,whichstrikeshimonhisleftlegintheregionofhisthigh.Theskinisnotbroken.Within2daysthereisa5x7cmpurplecolourtothesiteofinjury.Whichofthefollowingsubstanceshasmostlikelyaccumulatedatthesiteofinjurytoproduceayellow-browncolouratthesiteofinjury16dayslater?

答案:HemosiderinCrohn'sdiseaseischaracterizedbyallofthefollowingstatementsEXCEPT:

答案:SurgicalremovalofaffectedboweliscurativeAnexperimentintroducesa"knockout"genemutationintoacellline.Thefrequencyofshrunkencellswithchromatinclumpingandcytoplasmicblebbingisincreased,comparedwithacelllinewithoutthemutation.Overallsurvivalofthemutantcelllineisreduced.Whichofthefollowinggenesismostlikelytobeaffectedbythismutation?

答案:BCL-2A54-year-oldmanwithachroniccoughhasasquamouscellcarcinomadiagnosedinhisrightlung.Whileperformingapneumonectomy,thethoracicsurgeonnotesthatthehilarlymphnodesaresmall,0.5to1.0cminsize,andjetblackincolourthroughout.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelycauseforthisappearancetothehilarnodes?

答案:AnthracoticpigmentAfemaleinfantisbornprematurelyat28weeks’gestation.Shortlyafterbirth,sheshowssignsofdyspnea,cyanosis,andtachypnea.Sheisplacedonaventilatorforassistedbreathing,andadiagnosisofneonatalrespiratorydistresssyndrome(hyalinemembranedisease)ismade.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofthissyndrome?

答案:LackoffetalpulmonarymaturityanddeficiencyofsurfactantA54-year-old,previouslyhealthymansustainedanextensivethermalburninjuryinvolving70%ofthetotalbodysurfaceareaofhisskin.Hewashospitalizedinstablecondition.Threeweeksaftertheinitialburninjury,hedevelopedmelanoticstools.Hisbloodpressuredroppedto80/40mmHg,andhishematocritdeclinedto18%.Wherearegastrointestinalulcerationsmostlikelytobefoundinthisman?

答案:EsophagusA53-year-oldwomanhashadnausea,vomiting,andmidepigastricpainfor5months.Onphysicalexamination,therearenosignificantfindlings.AnabdominalCTscanshowsgastricoutletobstruction.Uppergastrointestinalendoscopyshowsanulcerated2×4cmbulkymassintheantrumatthepylorus.Aureasetestispositive.Whichofthefollowingneoplasmsismostlikelytobeseeninabiopsyspecimenofthismass?

答案:SquamouscellcarcinomaA60-year-oldmanpresentswithafeelingoffullnessinhisabdomenanda5kgweightlossoverthepast6months.Physicalexaminationisentirelynormal.Laboratorystudiesshowhemoglobin8.2g/dL,hematocrit24%,andMCV70μm3.Urinalysisshows3+hematuriabutnoprotein,glucose,orleukocytes.AnabdominalCTscanshowsan275pxmassintheupperpoleoftherightkidney.Arightnephrectomyisperformedandongrossexaminationthemassinvadestherenalvein.Microscopicexaminationofthemassshowscellswithabundantclearcytoplasm.WhichofthefollowingmolecularabnormalitiesismostiiklytobefoundintumorcellDNA?

答案:HomozygouslossofthevonHippdLindau(VHL)gene結(jié)核結(jié)節(jié)中的Langhans巨細胞來源于：（

）

答案:上皮樣細胞不符合小葉性肺炎的是：（

）

答案:常見于青壯年關(guān)于慢性阻塞性肺氣腫的肉眼觀，下列錯誤的是：（

）

答案:組織較硬，彈性增強慢性支氣管炎患者咳痰的病變基礎(chǔ)是：（

）

答案:腺體肥大增生，黏膜杯狀細胞增多關(guān)于中央型肺癌的特點，應(yīng)除外：（

）

答案:多屬腺癌Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommonsymptomofchroniccervicitis?

答案:UnusualvaginaldischargeWhichofthefollowingisthemostcommonmetastaticrouteforcervicalcancer?

答案:LymphaticmetastasisCervicalcarcinomais

associatedwithhighriskHPVinfection.

答案:對Cervicalsquamousintraepitheliallesion(SIL)isnotaprecancerousdisease.

答案:錯Theinnersurfaceofthecervicalcanaliscoveredbysquamousepithelium.

答案:錯壞死組織被肉芽組織取代的結(jié)局稱為（）。

答案:機化虎斑心的病變性質(zhì)是（

）。

答案:心肌脂肪變性HE染色切片中，發(fā)現(xiàn)肝細胞體積變大，胞漿淡染呈空泡狀。為確定空泡的性質(zhì)，最常用（

）。

答案:蘇丹Ⅲ染色細胞水腫時，主要發(fā)生病變的細胞器是（

）。

答案:線粒體和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)細胞壞死的主要形態(tài)標(biāo)志是（

）。

答案:核碎裂梗死灶呈不規(guī)則、地圖狀分布的為（

）。

答案:心肌梗死關(guān)于玻璃樣變性，下述哪項是錯誤的（

）。

答案:可發(fā)生于肝細胞骨折后患肢的萎縮，下列哪項描述是正確的（

）。

答案:是廢用性萎縮一老年病人，患動脈粥樣硬化癥十幾年，曾出現(xiàn)跛行，左下肢第一足趾逐漸變黑，此足趾病變可能為（

）。

答案:干性壞疽濕性壞疽常發(fā)生在（）。

答案:肺、腸、子宮下列哪項不是1型糖尿病的特點（

).

答案:多發(fā)生于成年，發(fā)病緩慢甲狀腺乳頭狀癌的病理組織學(xué)特點是（

）。

答案:乳頭分支多，被覆上皮細胞核呈毛玻璃樣以下哪個選項不屬于2型糖尿病的病理改變(

).

答案:腎上腺皮質(zhì)增生彌漫性毒性甲狀腺腫的發(fā)病和以下哪些因素有關(guān)？

答案:精神創(chuàng)傷;血中存在與TSH受體結(jié)合的自身抗體;遺傳因素從濾泡旁細胞發(fā)生的甲狀腺癌是（

）。

答案:髓樣癌BronchopneumoniaismostoftencausedbyStreptococcuspneumoniae.

答案:錯Comparedwithsecond-intentionhealing,theinflammatoryreactionofhealingbyfirstunionismoreintense.

答案:錯Pepticulcerofthestomachisnotdependentonincreasedgastricacidsecretion.

答案:對Osteosarcomaiscommonpediatricneoplasmsthatarebenign.

答案:錯Wilms'tumoristhemostcommonrenalpediatrictumorandsharenomorphologicfeatureswithadultWilms'tumor.

答案:錯Atherosclerosisprimarilyaffectssmallarteries.

答案:錯Effectofviralreplicationorbody'scellmediatedimmuneresponsewithcytotoxicTlymphocytesleadstotheapoptosiswithindividualhepatocytenecrosiscausedbyviralinfection.

答案:對Whichofthefollowingcomplicationsmayoccurfollowingatransmuralmyocardialinfarction?

答案:Ventricularaneurysm;Acuteserofibrinouspericarditis;Muralthrombosis;Congestiveheartfailure;RuptureoftheheartThetubercle,ortuberculousgranuloma,isshowntypicallyby:

答案:Fibrosis;Langhans’giantcells;Caseousnecrosis;Lymphocytes;EpitheloidcellWhichofthefollowingareaneoplasmofmesenchymalorigin?

答案:Fibrosarcoma;Chondroma;LiposarcomaWhichofthefollowingtissuesaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyredinfarct?

答案:SmallintestineWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcirrhosisareINCORRECT:

答案:Itisadiffuseandreversibleprocess;AlcoholiccirrhosisisalwaysinamacronodularpatternThecharacteristicsoflobarpneumoniainclude:

答案:Affectsmalesmorethanfemales;90%duetoStreptococcuspneumoniae(pneumococcus);Coughandfeverwithpurulentor‘rusty’sputumWhichofthefollowingstatementsregardinggastriccarcinomaareTRUE:

答案:Mostcasespresentwhenclinicallyadvanced;Majorityisadenocarcinoma;EarlycaseshaveagoodprognosisThereasonsforthehighpermeabilityofnewcapillariesareasfollows

答案:Smallneocapillarylumen;Incompletebasementmembrane;LargeendothelialcellgapWhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutdiffusenontoxicgoiterareCORRECT?

答案:Mostpatientsofdiffusenontoxicgoiterarewithhypothyroidism;AcompensatoryriseintheserumTSHisthedirectcauseofhypertrophyandhyperplasiaofthyroidfollicularcells;AlldiffusenontoxicgoiterisnotendemicWhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthyroidpapillarycarcinomaarenotCORRECT?

答案:Calcitonin-producingtumor;Functionaltumorresultinginthyrotoxicosis;Tumorwithamyloid-containingstroma;OriginfromCcellsThemainroutesoftuberculousinfectioninclude:

答案:Intestina;Pulmonary;Placental(congenital);CutaneousA71-year-oldwomanhadthelossofconsciousnessthatpersistedforoveranhour.Whenshebecomesarousable,shecannotspeaknormoveherrightarm.Acerebralangiogramrevealedanocclusiontoherleftmiddlecerebralartery.Monthslater,acomputedtomographic(CT)scanshowsalarge5cmcysticareainherleftparietallobecortex.ThisCTfindingismostlikelytheconsequenceofresolutionfromwhichofthefollowingcellularevents?

答案:LiquefactivenecrosisA66-year-oldmanwithParkinsondiseasedevelopspleuriticchestpain.Onexam,hehasguardingovertherightlowerlungwithdullnesstopercussion.AchestCTscanshowsafocal,wedge-shapedpleuralbasedareaofhemorrhageintherightlowerlobe.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelycauseforhispulmonarylesion?

答案:EmbolismAclinicalstudyofpatientswithcirrhosisincludesMRimaging.Patientswithanintrahepaticnodulelargerthan2cmthathasarterialbloodflowarefoundtobeatincreasedriskforhepatocellularcarcinoma.Whichofthefollowingpathologicfindingsismostlikelytocharacterizethesenodules?

答案:RegenerationAn84-year-oldmandiesfromcomplicationsofAlzheimerdisease.Atautopsy,hisheartissmall(250gm)anddarkbrownonsectioning.Microscopically,thereislightbrownperinuclearpigmentwithH&Estainingofthecardiacmusclefibers.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesismostlikelyincreasedinthemyocardialfiberstoproducethisappearanceofhisheart?

答案:Lipochromefrom'wearandtear'A60-year-oldmanhashadhypertensionfor20years.Hisbloodpressurehasrangedfrom150/95mmHgto220/110mmHg.Hehasdiabetesmellitusandhashadsignsofrenalfailuresincelastyear.Duringtheworkupofherdisease,arenalbiopsyisperformed.Whichofthefollowingvascularlesionsismostlikelytobefoundinthekidneyofthispatient?

答案:Thelumensoftheafferentglomerulararteriolesarenarrowedbyuniform,homogenous,pinkdepositswithinthevesselwallsA45-year-oldmanhashadafeveranddrycoughfor3days,andnowhasdifficultybreathingandacoughproductiveofsputum.Onphysicalexaminationhistemperatureis38.5°C.Diffuseralesareauscultatedoverlowerlungfields.Achestradiographshowsarightpleuraleffusion.Arightthoracentesisisperformed.Thefluidobtainedhasacloudyappearancewithacellcountshowing15,500leukocytespermicroliter,98%ofwhichareneutrophils.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribeshispleuralprocess?

答案:PurulentinflammationAn84-year-oldfemaleisfoundatautopsytohaveacirrhoticliverinwhichthesizeofthelivernodulesaverages2to3mm.Microscopically,thelivershowsregenerativenoduleswithextensivefibrosisbetweenportalregions,scatteredlymphocytes,andbileductproliferation.Whichofthefollowingetiologiesbestexplainstheappearanceofthecirrhosisinthiscase:

答案:ChronicalcoholismA48-year-oldwomanhasaroutinephysicalexamination.A4cmdiameternon-tendermassispalpatedinherrightbreast.Themassappearsfixedtothechestwall.Another2cmnon-tendermassispalpableintheleftaxilla.Achestradiographrevealsmultiple0.5to2cmnodulesinbothlungs.WhichofthefollowingTNMclassificationsbestindicatesthestageofherdisease?

答案:T4N1M1WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingadenocarcinomaofthelungisINCORRECT:

答案:MostadenocarcinomasoflungaremetastaticA45-year-oldmanwasrushedtothehospitalfollowingthesuddenonsetofanepisodeofcrushingsubsternalchestpain.Hereceivesadvancedlifesupportmeasures.AnEKGshowschangesconsistentwithalargetransmuralanterolateralareaofinfarctioninvolvingwalloftheleftventricle.Hedevelopscardiogenicshock.Whichofthefollowingmicroscopicfindingsismostlikelytobepresentinthisarea3daysfollowingtheonsetofhischestpain?

答案:MyofibernecrosiswithneutrophilsThemainproliferatingcellsinacutediffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritisare

答案:GlomerularcapillaryendothelialcellsandmesangialcellsA68-year-oldwomanpresentswithfever,chills,andcoughproductiveofblood-tingedsputum.Fluidaspiratedfromtherightpleuralspacewouldmostlikely.

答案:containlargenumbersofneutrophilsA19-year-oldwomanwhoworksindoorsspendsadayoutsidegardening.Shedoesnotwearahatorsunscreen.Thateveningherpartnerremarksthatherfaceappearsred.Whichofthefollowingdermalchangesmostlikelyaccountsforherredappearance?

答案:VasodilationA30-year-oldwomanfromBarcelonahasnotedenlargementofherneckoverthepast4months.Onphysicalexamination,shehasadiffuselyenlargedthyroidthatisnotpainfultopalpation.HerTSHlevelis0.2mU/L(decreased).Asubtotalthyroidectomyisperformedandhistologicallythetissueshowsfollicleswithpapillaryinfoldingslinedbytallcolumnarcells.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelydiagnosis?

答案:GravesdiseaseA47-year-oldwomanhashadworseningdyspneaforthepast5years.AchestCTscanshowspanlobularemphysema.LaboratorystudiesshowthePiZZgenotypeofαl-antitrypsindeficiency.AliverbiopsyspecimenexaminedmicroscopicallyshowsabundantPAS-positiveglobuleswithinperiportalhepatocytes.Whichofthefollowingmolecularmechanismsismostlikelyresponsibleforthisfindinginthehepatocytes?

答案:Retentionintheendoplasmicreticulumbecauseofpoorlyfoldedαl-antitrypsinThemostseriousimpactofurinarycalculionthebodyiscausedby(

)

答案:urinarytractobstructionandinjuryA26-year-oldwomandiesafterashortillnessbeginninginthelatestagesoflabor.Atautopsy,bloodvesselsinthelungscontainedfetaldebris(e.g.,squamouscells,vernix,mucin),asdidothervesselsofmultipleorgans.Reviewsoftheclinicalhistoryrevealsthatshehadbecomeacutelyillwithdyspnea,hypotension,andseizures,andachestradiographhaddemonstratedevidenceofpulmonaryedema.Thiswasallfollowedbyprolongedhemorrhagefromthevaginaandgeneralizedbleedingfrommultipleothersites.Thechangesthatwerefoundwithinmultiplebloodvesselsmostlikelyare.

答案:widespreadthrombosisA39-year-oldmalewithahistoryofulcerativecolitisforthepast20yearsisfoundtohaveapositivestoolguaiac,andamasslesionispalpablewithdigitalrectalexamination.Thislesionisprobablya(an):

答案:Kaposi'ssarcomaA40-year-oldmanhadundifferentiatedcarcinomaofthelung.Despitechemotherapy,themandiedofwidespreadmetastases.Atautopsy,tumorswerefoundinmanyorgans.Histologicexaminationshowedmanyfociinwhichindividualtumorcellsappearedshrunkenanddeeplyeosinophilic.Theirnucleiexhibitedcondensedaggregatesofchromatinunderthenuclearmembrane.Theprocessaffectingtheseshrunkentumorcellswasmostlikelytriggeredbythereleaseofwhichofthefollowingsubstancesintothecytosol?

答案:CytochromecA37-year-oldmanhashadnauseaandvomitingfor5weeks.Heexperiencedanepisodeofhematemesisyesterday.Onphysicalexaminationhehasnoabnormalfindings.UpperGIendoscopyisperformed,andthereisa1.5cmdiameterlesioninthegastricantrumwithlossoftheepithelialsurface.Thesefindingsaremosttypicalforwhichofthefollowingpathologicprocesses?

答案:UlcerA25-year-oldmanpresentsbecauseof‘fullness’inhisneck.Physicalexaminationfindsenlargementofthethyroidglandresultingfromthepresenceofseveralsmallmassesinboththyroidlobes.Thesenodulesaresurgicallyresected,andthepathologyreportfromthissurgicalspecimendiagnosesapapillarycarcinoma.Whichofthefollowinghistologicchangesismostcharacteristicofthistypeofcarcinoma?

答案:OrphanAnnienucleiWhichofthefollowinginfectiousagentsmostoftenleadstodiffusepulmonaryinterstitialinfiltrationbylymphocytes:

答案:M.TuberculosisHigherlevelsofHDLcorrelatewithincreasedriskofatherosclerosis.

答案:錯MyocardialInfarctioniscausedbytransient,reversiblemyocardialischemia.

答案:錯Grave’sdiseaseoccurmorefrequentlyinmenthaninwomen.

答案:錯Thepatternofalcoholiccirrhosisismostoftenmicronodular.

答案:對Type1diabetesislesscommonthantype2diabetes,anditoftenbeginsearlyinlife.

答案:對Cancercachexiausuallyoccursattheadvancedstagesofdisease

答案:對Hematogenousinfectionoftheuretersisthemostcommoncauseofacutepyelonephritis.

答案:錯Ingeneral,benigntumorsarecomposedofwell-differentiatedcellsthatcloselyresembletheirnormalcounterparts.

答案:對Hyperplasiawithincreaseincellnumberaccountsformostofthemarkedincreaseinsizeoftheuterusduringpregnancy.

答案:錯Earlygastriccarcinomaisdefinedasalesionconfinedtothemucosa,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofperigastriclymphnodemetastases.

答案:錯HepatitisAcanresultinacarrierstateorinchronicliverdisease.

答案:錯Cellularswellingisthefirstmanifestationofalmostallformsofinjurytocells.

答案:對Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsarecorrectaboutcaseousnecrosis?

答案:Organizationandcalcificationmayoccur;mostlycausedbytuberculosisbacillusinfection;ThenecroticfocusisyellowishanddelicateWhichofthefollowingvirusesmaycausechronichepatitis?

答案:HCV;HBV;HDVWhichofthefollowingstatementsaretheunderlyingmechanismsoftheincreasedvascularpermeabilityininflammation?

答案:Increasedtranscytosisacrosstheendothelialcytoplasm;Leakagefromregeneratingcapillaries;Endothelialcellcontraction;Directendothelialinjury,resultinginendothelialcellnecrosisanddetachmentA50-year-oldmanhashadpainintheleftshoulderandarmforthepast12hours.Overthenext6hours,hedevelopsshortnessofbreath,whichpersistsfor2days.Thepatientisadmittedtothehospitalandcontinuestoexperiencedyspneaforthenext3days.Coronaryangiographyshows50%proximalocclusionoftherightcoronaryandcircumflexarteries,and75%occlusionoftheleftanteriordescendingartery.Onday7aftertheonsetofshoulderpain,hehasacardiacarrest.Whichofthefollowingatherosclerosisplaquealterationsisassociatedwiththepatient’sdeath?

答案:Thrombosis;Intermittentplateletaggregation;Hemorrhageintotheplaquesubstance;UlcerationoftheplaquesurfaceThefeaturesofhepatitisAinclude:

答案:Therouteoftransmissionisfecal-oral;HAVisasmall,nonenveloped,single-strandedRNApicornavirus;Casefatalitiesoccurataverylowrate;HAVdoesnotcausechronichepatitisoracarrierstateandonlyrarelycausesfulminanthepatitis;Itisabenign,self-limiteddiseaseWhichofthefollowingsarepredisposingfactorstodevelopmentoflungcancer:

答案:Asbestosis;Passivesmoking;Radongasexposure;SmokingWhichofthefollowinghistologicalchangesCANbefoundintheGrave’sdisease?

答案:Thereisalwayslymphocyticinfiltrationwithintheinterfollicularstroma;Follicularepithelialcellsinthyroidaretall,columnarandcrowded;ThereareclearvacuolesinthecolloidnexttotheepitheliumWhichofthefollowingcomponentscanbeobservedinatheroscleroticplaqueunderthemicroscope?

答案:Anecroticcore;Fibrouscap;Cholesterolcontentthatfrequentlypresentasempty"clefts”;FoamcellsAlongitudinalstudyisconductedofnon-alcoholicswithtype2diabetesmellitus,dyslipidemia,andBMI>30.Thereisanincreasingprevalenceofliverdiseaseinthesepersonsovertime.Whichofthefollowingmicroscopicpathologicfindingsisthecharacteristicfortheliversofthesepersons?

答案:Vacuolesaccumulation;SteatosisTheeffectsofnecrosisonthebodyarerelatedtothefollowingfactors

答案:ReserveofthecompensatoryabilityofnecroticOrgans;Locationofnecrosis;Regenerationabilityofnecroticcells;SizeofnecroticfocusThegranulationtissueshouldhavethefollowingcomponents

答案:Fibroblasts;Neutrophils;VascularendothelialcellsWhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofHodgkinlymphomaareINCORRECT?

答案:Hodgkinlymphomaaccountsforupto80%ofalllymphomasWhichofthefollowingconditionscanleadtometastaticcalcification

答案:Hyperparathyroidism;ExcessiveintakeofvitaminD;BonetumorsWhichthefollowingconditionisassociatedwithhighbloodpressure?

答案:Heartdisease;StrokeWhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingchronicbronchitisareTRUE:

答案:Airpollutantscontributetochronicbronchitis;Cigarettesmokingisthemostimportantriskfactor;Thedominantpathologicfeaturesaremucushypersecretionandpersistentinflammation;Chronicbronchitisisdefinedaspersistentproductivecoughforatleast3consecutivemonthsinatleast2consecutiveyears;Histologicexaminationdemonstratesenlargementofmucous-secretingglands,gobletcellhyperplasia,chronicinflammation,andbronchiolarwallfibrosisWhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofthecretinismareCORRECT?

答案:Thepatientlikelyhasseverementalretardation;Themanifestationsofthepatientresultfromhypothyroidismdevelopingininfancy;Thepatientislikelytobeshorterthanotherkidsofthesamemonth-old;ThisdisorderwasformerlyfairlycommoninareasoftheworldwheredietaryiodinedeficiencyisendemicWhichinfectionisthecauseofinterstitialpneumonia?

答案:Mycoplasma;ViralWhichofthefollowingconditionsarepreneoplasticdisorders?

答案:Leukoplakiaoftheoralcavity;Chroniculcerativecolitis;Thyroidadenoma;ChronicatrophicgastritisA43-year-oldfemalewhodoesnotsmokebecomesincreasinglydyspneic.Heralpha-1-antitrypsinismarkedlydecreased.Truestatementsconcerningherpulmonarydiseaseinclude:

答案:Alveolarwallsarebeingdestroyed;Distalaciniareenlarged;Lowerlungfieldsareinvolved;ThereisexcessproteaseactivityPathologicalchangesofGoodpastureSyndromeinclude

答案:crescentformationinglomerulus;glomerularcapillaryplexusfibrinoidnecrosis;LocalruptureofglomerularcapillarybasementmembraneAclinicalstudyisperformedofpatientswithpharyngealinfections.Themosttypicalclinicalcourseaverages3daysfromthetimeofonsetuntilthepatientseesthephysician.Mostofthesepatientsexperiencefeverandchills.Onphysicalexamination,themostcommonfindingsincludeswelling,erythema,andpharyngealpurulentexudate.Whichofthefollowingtypesofinflammationdidthesepatientsmostlikelyhave?

答案:AcuteA3-year-oldboyhashadacough,headache,andslightfeverfor5days.Heisnowhavingincreasingrespiratorydifficulty.Onphysicalexamination,histemperatureis37.8℃,pulseis81/min,respirationsare25/min,andbloodpressureis90/55mmHg.Onauscultation,thereareinspiratorycrackcles,butnodullnesstopercussionortympany.Respiratorysyncytialvirusisisolatedfromasputumsample.Whichofthefollowingchestradiographicpatternsismostlikelytobepresent?

答案:HyperinflationA60-year-oldman,aheavysmoker,presentsforadvicetostopsmoking.Onphysicalexamination,heisthinandhasaruddycomplexion.Hehasaproductivecoughandabarrel-shapedchest.Hesitsleaningforwardwithhislipspursedtofacilitatehisbreathing.Adiagnosisofemphysemaismade.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyhistologicfindinginthelungs?

答案:Hyp