高考總復(fù)習優(yōu)化設(shè)計二輪用書英語(新高考)閱讀理解　文體分類練6　議論文

高考總復(fù)習優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024文體分類練(六)議論文Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023山東聊城一模)AnimportantlifelessonthatI’vedrawnfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.Ithasguidedmeinmanyways.Inparticular,itmademechallengethefixedexpectationsofretirementandaging.Runningisametaphor(隱喻)forlife.Irealizedthiswhiletrainingforamarathontocelebratemy60thbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademeembarrassed.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:runatyourownbestpace.Settingagoalortargettimecouldbealimitation.Hewasright.Overtime,Iranmoreeasilyandfaster.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.Passage1Passage2Passage3Ihaveappliedthisprincipletootherareasofmylife.FindingarhythmisnotaboutefficiencyorhowmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatIdecidetodoatthisstageinmylife.Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanstobeastrongrunner.Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofagrandmother.Passage1Passage2Passage3Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’seasytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarks(基準)tobemet.Weoftenmakewhatsomeoneelsedoesthereferencepoint.It’sacomparisontrap.Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了作者認為每個人的人生應(yīng)該有自己的節(jié)奏,而不是按照別人的期望生活。Passage1Passage2Passage31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinparagraph2?A.Theoriginofalifeprinciple.B.Hermisunderstandingofrunning.C.Theimportanceoflifeexpectations.D.Herunpleasanttrainingexperience.√解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者在第二段想說生命原理的起源。Passage1Passage2Passage32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutlifeexpectations?A.Theyarevitalforretiredpeople.B.Theyvaryatdifferentlifestages.C.Theycovereverydecisioninlife.D.Theyareusuallytoohightofulfill.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“But

expectations

also

extend

to

other

areas

of

life,including

what

people

at

certain

life

stages

should

be

doing

or

not

doing.Expectations

at

my

age

can

center

on

how

leisure

time

is

spent,decisions

about

employment,and

even

the

role

of

a

grandmother.”可知,作者認為生活期望在不同的人生階段有所不同。Passage1Passage2Passage33.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Youngpeopleoftencompetewitholdpeople.B.Retiredpeopletakeupbadoccupations.C.Retiredpeoplearealsounderpeerpressure.D.Acomparisontrapmakesyoungpeoplestronger.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“I

used

to

think

it

was

young

people

who

bore

peer

pressure,but

it’s

easy

to

view

retirement

as

another

occupation

with

benchmarks

to

be

met.”可推知,退休人員也面臨同輩壓力。Passage1Passage2Passage34.Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlywanttoconvey?A.Retirementcan’tstopoldpeople’sdreams.B.Peopleshouldlivelifetothefullest.C.Peopleshouldliveattheirownspeed.D.Runningatafixedpaceisbeneficialtoretiredpeople.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Forget

what

others

are

doing.Their

pace

is

not

necessarily

the

pace

you

should

run

at.Run

in

your

own

way.It’s

not

better

or

worse—only

different.”可推知,作者主要想傳達的信息是人們應(yīng)該按照自己的節(jié)奏生活。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023河北保定一模)Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.Passage1Passage2Passage3Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring(后代).Forthegeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirelydeterminedbygenetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes(基因)determineone’spersonality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencethatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonalitydevelopment.Passage1Passage2Passage3Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodifferentiatehowmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson’sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansareinfluencedbyone’senvironment.Passage1Passage2Passage3Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarilycausingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthenurtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegeneticcharacteristicsofaperson.Itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureisthatwhichdeterminesthesubstanceofaperson.Passage1Passage2Passage3[語篇解讀]本文是一篇議論文。先天和后天這兩個術(shù)語自16世紀以來一直是被比較的主題。文章論述了究竟是先天還是后天造就了我們。Passage1Passage2Passage35.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Nature’sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurture.C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.√解析

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nature

provides

the

starting

point

for

an

organism

that

will

interact

with

nurture,the

environment,during

the

organism’s

life.Nature

does

not

just

affect

an

organism

during

its

lifetime,but

it

also

can

directly

affect

the

expression

of

genes

in

offspring.”可知,先天影響后代的基因表達。Passage1Passage2Passage36.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatnurturemeanstohumanbeings.B.Howlivingthingsdevelopafterbirth.C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment.D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehumanbeings.√解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Nurture

refers

to

the

conditions

under

which

living

things

grow

and

develop

after

birth.When

applied

to

human

beings,it

means

how

the

person

is

raised,which

includes

nutrition,education,care,as

well

as

the

kind

of

surroundings,such

as

cultural

influence,family

and

friends.”可知,第三段主要討論了后天對人類意味著什么。Passage1Passage2Passage37.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcontrast.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Bycitingresearchdata.√Passage1Passage2Passage3解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“While

nurture

undeniably

plays

its

part

on

the

growth

and

development

of

one’s

personality,nature

dramatically

outweighs

nurture,for

nature

can

be

likened

to

a

foundation.The

impact

of

nurture

on

the

development

of

persons

cannot

be

totally

denied.However,nature

is

regarded

as

being

of

most

importance

because

of

the

fact

that

it

affords

an

opportunity

and

creates

a

foundation

and

the

basis

for

the

question

of

nurture

to

arise

at

the

very

first

instance.”可推知,作者通過對比強調(diào)了先天的重要性。Passage1Passage2Passage38.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ALongStoryofNatureandNurtureB.ANewResearchonNatureandNurtureC.WhoCanTellWhatMakesWhoWeAre?D.WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?√解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The

two

terms

nature

and

nurture

have

been

subjects

of

comparison

since

the

16th

century.The

argument

is

centered

on

the

question

as

to

whether

it

is

nature

or

nurture

that

makes

us

who

we

are.”及下文論述可知,文章主要論述了究竟是先天還是后天造就了我們。由此可知,Which

Is

More

Important,Nature

or

Nurture?適合作文章最佳標題。Passage1Passage2Passage3(2023福建漳州三模)Thismonth,theInternetwasfloodedwithwonderfuldigitalartportraits,thankstotheworkofthelatestartificialintelligence-assistedapplicationtogoviral:Lensa.UsersuploadedtheirphotographstotheAppandthen—forasmallfee—itusedAItotransformtheirprofilepicturesinto,say,amagicalwarriorprincessversionofthemselves,innotimeatall.ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffordability.Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou,youmightnotbeoneofthemillionsofhumanswhoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney.Passage1Passage2Passage3SomeartistspredictedthatacomputerwouldrecreatetheauraofamasterpiecebyLeonardodaVinciinthenearfuture.AslongasthereareenoughdatafortheAItotrainitself,itcancopynumerousmasterpiecesjustinseveralminutes.Itseemsunavoidablethatalargenumberofartistswouldlosetheirjobs.“Iseeitlessasathreatandmoreofanopportunity,”theUK-basedillustratorMichelleThompsonsaid,adding,“Likeeverythingelse,therewillalwaysbeartistswhocanusethetoolsbetter.”Passage1Passage2Passage3Thesetoolsareonlyasgoodasthedatasetstheyaretrainedon.Humanimagination,ontheotherhand,hasnolimit.ForDryhurst,anartistfromGermany,AImodels“couldattempttomakeapaleversionofsomethingwedidyearsago”,butthat“doesn’taccountforwhatwemightdonext”.Thekindofartificialintelligencewemightimaginereplacingartists—anentirelyautonomouscreativerobot—doesnotyetexist,butitiscoming.AndasAIbecomesmoreuniversal,artists,illustratorsanddesignerswillultimatelybesetapartnotbyif,butbyhow,theyusethetechnology.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇議論文。文章就未來人工智能是否會取代藝術(shù)家展開討論。Passage1Passage2Passage39.WhydoestheauthormentionLensainparagraph1?A.TorecommendthenewApp.B.Toinformlatestnews.C.ToleadintheAItopic.D.Tointroduceitsnewfunction.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容和第二段中的“This

year

has

seen

a

breakthrough

for

AI-driven

image

generators,which

are

now

better

than

ever

in

quality,speed

and

affordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa是為了引起人工智能這個話題。Passage1Passage2Passage310.WhatisMichelleThompson’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Concerned. B.Favorable.C.Unclear. D.Critical.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容可知,Michelle

Thompson認為這是一種機會。由此可推知,他對人工智能持支持的態(tài)度。Passage1Passage2Passage311.WhatmightbeaweaknessofAIincreatingartworks?A.Accuracy. B.Diversity.C.Creativity. D.Efficiency.√解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“These

tools

are

only

as

good

as

the

data

sets

they

are

trained

on.Human

imagination,on

the

other

hand,has

no

limit.”可推知,創(chuàng)造力可能是人工智能在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品時的弱點。Passage1Passage2