高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計二輪用書英語(新高考)閱讀理解　文體分類練6　議論文

文體分類練(六)議論文(限時:25分鐘)Passage1(2023山東聊城一模)AnimportantlifelessonthatI’vedrawnfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.Ithasguidedmeinmanyways.Inparticular,itmademechallengethefixedexpectationsofretirementandaging.Runningisametaphor(隱喻)forlife.Irealizedthiswhiletrainingforamarathontocelebratemy60thbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademeembarrassed.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:runatyourownbestpace.Settingagoalortargettimecouldbealimitation.Hewasright.Overtime,Iranmoreeasilyandfaster.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.Ihaveappliedthisprincipletootherareasofmylife.FindingarhythmisnotaboutefficiencyorhowmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatIdecidetodoatthisstageinmylife.Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanstobeastrongrunner.Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofagrandmother.Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’seasytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarks(基準(zhǔn))tobemet.Weoftenmakewhatsomeoneelsedoesthereferencepoint.It’sacomparisontrap.Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinparagraph2?A.Theoriginofalifeprinciple.B.Hermisunderstandingofrunning.C.Theimportanceoflifeexpectations.D.Herunpleasanttrainingexperience.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutlifeexpectations?A.Theyarevitalforretiredpeople.B.Theyvaryatdifferentlifestages.C.Theycovereverydecisioninlife.D.Theyareusuallytoohightofulfill.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Youngpeopleoftencompetewitholdpeople.B.Retiredpeopletakeupbadoccupations.C.Retiredpeoplearealsounderpeerpressure.D.Acomparisontrapmakesyoungpeoplestronger.4.Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlywanttoconvey?A.Retirementcan’tstopoldpeople’sdreams.B.Peopleshouldlivelifetothefullest.C.Peopleshouldliveattheirownspeed.D.Runningatafixedpaceisbeneficialtoretiredpeople.Passage2(2023河北保定一模)Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring(后代).Forthegeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirelydeterminedbygenetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes(基因)determineone’spersonality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencethatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonalitydevelopment.Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodifferentiatehowmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson’sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansareinfluencedbyone’senvironment.Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarilycausingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthenurtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegeneticcharacteristicsofaperson.Itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureisthatwhichdeterminesthesubstanceofaperson.5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Nature’sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurture.C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatnurturemeanstohumanbeings.B.Howlivingthingsdevelopafterbirth.C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment.D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehumanbeings.7.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcontrast.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Bycitingresearchdata.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ALongStoryofNatureandNurtureB.ANewResearchonNatureandNurtureC.WhoCanTellWhatMakesWhoWeAre?D.WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?Passage3(2023福建漳州三模)Thismonth,theInternetwasfloodedwithwonderfuldigitalartportraits,thankstotheworkofthelatestartificialintelligence-assistedapplicationtogoviral:Lensa.UsersuploadedtheirphotographstotheAppandthen—forasmallfee—itusedAItotransformtheirprofilepicturesinto,say,amagicalwarriorprincessversionofthemselves,innotimeatall.ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffordability.Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou,youmightnotbeoneofthemillionsofhumanswhoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney.SomeartistspredictedthatacomputerwouldrecreatetheauraofamasterpiecebyLeonardodaVinciinthenearfuture.AslongasthereareenoughdatafortheAItotrainitself,itcancopynumerousmasterpiecesjustinseveralminutes.Itseemsunavoidablethatalargenumberofartistswouldlosetheirjobs.“Iseeitlessasathreatandmoreofanopportunity,”theUK-basedillustratorMichelleThompsonsaid,adding,“Likeeverythingelse,therewillalwaysbeartistswhocanusethetoolsbetter.”Thesetoolsareonlyasgoodasthedatasetstheyaretrainedon.Humanimagination,ontheotherhand,hasnolimit.ForDryhurst,anartistfromGermany,AImodels“couldattempttomakeapaleversionofsomethingwedidyearsago”,butthat“doesn’taccountforwhatwemightdonext”.Thekindofartificialintelligencewemightimaginereplacingartists—anentirelyautonomouscreativerobot—doesnotyetexist,butitiscoming.AndasAIbecomesmoreuniversal,artists,illustratorsanddesignerswillultimatelybesetapartnotbyif,butbyhow,theyusethetechnology.9.WhydoestheauthormentionLensainparagraph1?A.TorecommendthenewApp.B.Toinformlatestnews.C.ToleadintheAItopic.D.Tointroduceitsnewfunction.10.WhatisMichelleThompson’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Concerned. B.Favorable.C.Unclear. D.Critical.11.WhatmightbeaweaknessofAIincreatingartworks?A.Accuracy. B.Diversity.C.Creativity. D.Efficiency.12.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IsAIcomingintoourdailylife?B.CanAIcopymasterpiecesofgreatartists?C.ShallwewelcomenewAItechnology?D.WillAIreplaceartistsinthefuture?答案：文體分類練(六)議論文Passage1[語篇解讀]本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了作者認(rèn)為每個人的人生應(yīng)該有自己的節(jié)奏,而不是按照別人的期望生活。1.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者在第二段想說生命原理的起源。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofagrandmother.”可知,作者認(rèn)為生活期望在不同的人生階段有所不同。3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’seasytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarkstobemet.”可推知,退休人員也面臨同輩壓力。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.”可推知,作者主要想傳達(dá)的信息是人們應(yīng)該按照自己的節(jié)奏生活。Passage2[語篇解讀]本文是一篇議論文。先天和后天這兩個術(shù)語自16世紀(jì)以來一直是被比較的主題。文章論述了究竟是先天還是后天造就了我們。5.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring.”可知,先天影響后代的基因表達(dá)。6.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenappliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.”可知,第三段主要討論了后天對人類意味著什么。7.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.”可推知,作者通過對比強(qiáng)調(diào)了先天的重要性。8.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhoweare.”及下文論述可知,文章主要論述了究竟是先天還是后天造就了我們。由此可知,WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?適合作文章最佳標(biāo)題。Passage3[語篇解讀]本文是一篇議論文。文章就未來人工智能是否會取代藝術(shù)家展開討論。9.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容和第二段中的“ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Len