2022年6月英語四級真題 第二套

2022年06月大學(xué)英語四級真題年06月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題(第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouaregoingtowriteaproposaltoyourstudentunionforenrichingstudents'extracurricularactivities.Youaretowriteaboutwhatactivitiestoorganizeandwhy.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)溫馨提示：2022年6月英語四級考試實考1套聽力，本套聽力內(nèi)容與第1套完全一致，只是選項順序不同，故而未重復(fù)給出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyou'veeverlookedattheingredientslistwhilegroceryshopping,chancesareyou'veseentheterm"naturalflavors".Buthaveyoutakena26toconsiderwhatthesenaturalflavorsactuallyare?Mostofusmightthinkthat"naturalflavors"are,well,naturallygoodforus.ArecentstudyinthejournalAppetitefoundthatwhentheword"natural“appearsonpackaging,people27thatthefoodwithinisindeedhealthier.Intruth,naturalflavorsdonot28much,atleastchemicallyspeaking,fromtheirflavor-boosting29:artificialflavors.Bothcanbemadeinalabbytrainedflavorists,butartificialflavorsusechemicalstogiveaproducta30smellortaste.Naturalflavorscomefromplantoranimal31likefruit,vegetable,meat,fishormilkthatisthenprocessedorrefinedinsomeway.Inshort,naturalflavorsare32fromplantsandanimalstocreatespecificflavorsforprocessedfoods.Butthatdoesnot33makeiteasiertotellwhatisreallyinyourfood.BecausetheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasnot34theterm,companiescanuseittorefertoprettymuchanythingderivedfromaplantoranimal.Andnaturalflavorscanalsoincludeavarietyofchemicaladditives,suchaspreservatives.TheFDAdoesn'trequirecompaniestorevealwhatadditionalchemicalsaspecificitem35.Soifyouwanttoknowforcertainwhatyou'regettingwithyourgroceries,youmightwanttosticktothefarmer^market.A)acknowledgeI)impliesB)chanceJ)necessarilyC)containsK)particularD)counterpartsL)perceiveE)definedM)secondF)differN)sourcesG)especiallyO)strangeH)extractedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FakeholidayvillawebsitespromptwarningA)DuringtheBritishwinter,thethoughtoftwoweeksinacoastalvilla(別墅)withsoul-stirringviewsoftheseaandahugepooltoenjoyisenoughtooffset(抵消)thelaboruntiltheholidaysstart.Foragrowingnumberofpeople,however,theiryearlybreakisturningintoanightmareastheyfindthatthepropertytheyhavepaidthousandsfordoesnotexistandthewebsitethroughwhichtheybookedithasdisappeared.B)Consumershavebeenwarnedtobeawareofthepotentialfordeceptioninthismarket,whichisfarfromuncommon.In2017therewere1,632casesofreported""villafraud(詐騙)“，withvictimslosinganaverageof￡2,052,accordingtoActionFraud,thenationalcenterforreportingsuchfrauds."'Millionsofpoundsarelosteachyearbydefraudedholidaymakers,saysSeanTiptonoftheAssociationofBritishTravelAgents(ABTA).C)Theproblemhasballoonedinthelast10years,withfraudsbecomingmoreandmoresophisticated.Thefakewebsiteshaveauthentic-soundingnamesinvolvingamixofkeywords,typicallyincludingtheplacename,“summer","villas"or"rentals”.Detailsoflegitimate(合法的)villasareoftenstolenfromothersites."Whenthefraudstersfirststarteditwasunsophisticated一thewebsiteslookedamateurandtherewasn'talotofeffortJsaysTipton."Nowtheyareclever.Theyextensivelyripofflegitimatewebsitesanduseadifferentwebsitename.They’IIhavepicturesofasalesteamanditmightbeapooractorinNewYorkthatisdownastheirheadofsales.”D)FraudsterstargetpopularseasidedestinationsforBritishtouristsvisitingSpainwherepricescansoarifdemandexceedssupply.Pricesarekeptwithinreasonablerangestoavoidarousingsuspicion.“Avillamightcost￡5,000elsewhereandtheywillofferitatsay￡3,500.Butabitofagiveawayisthatthevillawillbecheaperthanonotherwebsitesandthere；‘sunlimitedavailability,saysTipton.Fraudstersalsoinvestinpay-per-clickadvertisingtofeatureatthetopofsearchengineswhenpeopletypeinphrasessuchas“Spanishseasidevillas”.E)Withsuchadegreeofprofessionalism,howcanconsumersfindoutifthewebsitethey'relookingtobookwithistrustworthy?”Whenpeoplebookholidayvillastheyaredoingsothroughrose-coloredglasses，”saysTonyNeate,chiefexecutiveofGetSafeOnline,“TheyshouldbeGooglingtheproperty,andlookingonwebsiteslikeGoogleMapsandStreetViewtoseeifit'sthere.Also,speaktothepersonyou'rebookingthevillawithonalandlinephone,asfraudsterstendtoonlyusemobiles.^^Healsosuggestsaskingsomeonenotgoingontheholidaytohavealookatthewebsite.“Theymightspotproblemsyoudon'tspot."Anotherpotentialredflagisbeingaskedtopaybybanktransfer."Theproblemisthatwhenthemoneyleavesyouraccountit'sintheirsstraightawayandit'sveryhardtotrackit,"saysBarclaysBankheadofdigitalsafety,JodieGilbert."Wegenerallyrecommendotherformsofpayment,likecreditcard.^^F)Littleseemstobeknownaboutthesefraudsters,“Thereisnowaytodefinitelyknowwhotheyare,^^saysNeate.”Itcouldbeanyone.Itcouldbeyournext-doorneighborororganizedcrimeinRussia.^^ActionFraudsayspeopleshouldensurethecompanyrentingthevillaisamemberofarecognizedtradebodysuchasABTA.G)“ByworkingwithindustrypartnerssuchasABTAandGetSafeOnline,weareabletoissuealertsaboutthelatestthreatstheyshouldbeawareof.Ifyoubelieveyouhavefallenvictimtofraudorcyber-crime,pleasereportittoActionFraud,itadds.ABTAsaysitistryingtocombattheissuebyrunningpublicawarenesscampaigns."It'sagrowingproblemandpeoplecan'tstopfraudstersbeingdishonest，”saysTipton.“They'restillgoingtodoit.It'snotimpossibletostopbutasit'sinternet-basedit'shardertopursue.^^H)NickCooper,thefounderandco-ownerofvillabookingcompanyVillaPlus,estimateshiscompanyhasuncoveredmorethan200fakevillawebsitesoverthepasttwoyears,anddoesn'tbelieveenoughisbeingdone."Itishopelesstoreportfakevillawebsitestotheinternetgiantswhohostthem,^^hesays."Ifounditimpossibletospeaktoanyone.Also,onceonebankaccountgetsreported,theysimplyuseanother.^^I)Fornowtheonlywaytostopfraudstersappearsultimatelytolieinthehandsoftheconsumer."Whenpeoplebooktheirholidaystheygetsoemotionallyinvolved,andwhentheyfindthatvillaatagoodpricewithavailabilityinpeakseason,theyareaneasytarget，”saysCooper.“Thepublichastolearntobefarmoreawaretheyareatargetforthesesortoffrauds.^^Butit'snotjustthefinancialcost."Afamilywillturnupatavillaandfindoutitdoesn'texistortheownerdoesn'tknowwhoyouare,^^saysTipton."Theproblemthenisyouhavetofindaccommodationatshortnotice.Itcanbeincrediblyexpensivebutit'stheemotionalcost,too.”J)CarlaO9ShaughnessyfromSydenhamwassearchinglastyearforagooddealtobookavillainMajorcaforasummerbreakforthefamily.wascomparingpricesonlineandfoundonethatcameinabitcheaperthanothers,saysO9Shaughnessy.Sheemailedthecompanyviaitswebsite,askinghowfarthevillawasfromtheairportandaboutlocalrestaurants."Theycamebackwithbelievableanswers;itwasallveryfriendlyandprofessional,shesays.Happywiththeresponses,O9Shaughnessypaidthefullamountof￡3,000viabanktransferintothetravelagent'saccountandthenforgotaboutituntilamonthbeforethebooking.K)“Itriedloggingontothewebsiteandcouldn't,"sherecalls."IGoogledtheagent'snameandtherewerelotsofcomplaintsabouthimbeingafraudster.IfonlyI'dGoogledbeforebutIneverthoughtofit."Althoughshefoundanothervillaintimefortheirholiday,sheadmitsshewasmuchmorecautious.“Ipaidthroughasecurethird-partysiteandhadphoneconversationswiththeagent.ButIwasn'tabletorelaxuntilweturnedupandIhadthekeys.”36.Fraudstersoftenstealvilla-bookinginformationfromauthenticholidaywebsites.37.Fraudsterskeepchangingtheirbankaccountstoavoidbeingtracked.38.Itissuggestedthatpeoplenotgoingontheholidaymighthelpdetectwebsitefrauds.39.MoreandmoreBritishholidaymakersfindtheseasidevillastheybookedonlineactuallynonexistent.40.Bycheckinganagent'snameonlinebeforebookingavilla,holidaymakerscanavoidfallingintotraps.41.Fraudstersaredifficulttoidentify,accordingtoanonlinesafetyexpert.42.Holidaymakershavebeenalertedtothefrequentoccurrenceofonlinevilla-bookingfrauds.43.Itisholidaymakersthatcanprotectthemselvesfromfallingvictimtofrauds.44.Holidaymakersareadvisednottomakepaymentsbybanktransfer.45.Fraudstersadvertisetheirvillasatreasonablepricessoasnottobesuspected.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Socialmediacanbeapowerfulcommunicationtoolforemployees,helpingthemtocollaborate,shareideasandsolveproblems.Researchhasshownthat82%ofemployeesthinksocialmediacanimproveworkrelationshipsand60%believeitcansupportdecision-makingprocesses.Thesebeliefscontributetoamajorityofworkersconnectingwithcolleaguesonsocialmedia,evenduringworkhours.Employerstypicallyworrythatsocialmediaisaproductivitykiller;morethanhalfofU.S.employersreportedlyblockaccesstosocialmediaatwork.Inmyresearchwith277employeesofahealthcareorganizationIfoundtheseconcernstobemisguided.Socialmediadoesn'treduceproductivitynearlyasmuchasitkillsemployeeretention.InthefirstpartofthestudyIsurveyedtheemployeesaboutwhyandhowtheyusedplatformslikeFacebook,Twitter,orLinkedln.Respondentswerethenaskedabouttheirworkbehaviors,includingwhethertheyfeltmotivatedintheirjobsandshowedinitiativeatwork.Ifoundemployeeswhoengageinonlinesocialinteractionswithco-workersthroughsocialmediablogstendtobemoremotivatedandcomeupwithinnovativeideas.Butwhenemployeesinteractwithindividualsoutsidetheorganization,theyarelessmotivatedandshowlessinitiative.InthesecondpartofthestudyIfound76%ofemployeesusingsocialmediaforworktookaninterestinotherorganizationstheyfoundonsocialmedia.WhenIexaminedhowrespondentsexpressedopennesstonewcareersandemployers,Ifoundthattheyengagedinsomekeyactivitiesincludingresearchingneworganizationsandmakingnewworkconnections.Thesefindingspresentadilemmaformanagers:employeesusingsocialmediaatworkaremoreengagedandmoreproductive,buttheyarealsomorelikelytoleaveyourcompany.Managersshouldimplementsolutionsthatneutralizetheretentionriskcausedbysocialmedia.Theycancreatesocialmediagroupsinwhichemployeeswillbemorelikelytocollaborateandlesslikelytosharewithdrawalintentionsordiscussionsaboutexternaljobopportunities.Managerscanalsousesocialmediatodirectlyreduceturnover(跳槽)intentions,byrecognizingemployees’accomplishmentsandgivingvisibilitytoemployees’successstories.46.Whatdoespreviousresearchaboutsocialmediareveal?A)Mostemployeesthinkpositivelyofit.B)Itimprovesemployees’workefficiency.C)Itenablesemployeestoformconnections.D)Employeesspendmuchoftheirworktimeonit.47.Whatdidtheauthor'sownresearchfindaboutsocialmedia?A)Itinfluencesemployees’worknegatively.B)Itdoesmuchharmtoemployeeloyalty.C)Itkillsemployees’motivationforwork.D)Itaffectsemployers’decision-making.48.Whatdidtheauthorfindinhisstudyabouttheeffectofonlinesocialinteractions?A)Itdiffersfromemployeetoemployee.B)Ittendstovarywiththeplatformused.C)Ithasmuchtodowithwhomemployeesinteractwith.D)Itishardtomeasurewhenemployeesinteractwithoutsiders.49.Whatproblemwasfoundwithemployeesusingsocialmediaforwork?A)Theyseldomexpressedtheirinnerthoughts.B)Mostofthemexplorednewjobopportunities.C)Theywerereluctanttocollaboratewithothers.D)Manyofthemendedwithlowerproductivity.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestmanagersdotoneutralizetheretentionrisk?A)Givepromotionstoemployeesfortheiraccomplishments.B)Createopportunitiesforemployeestosharesuccessstories.C)Acknowledgeemployees’achievementsthroughsocialmedia.D)Encourageemployeestoincreasetheirvisibilityonsocialmedia.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthecomingeraofbudgetcutstoeducation,distancelearningcouldbecomethenorm.Thetemptationforthoseinchargeofeducationbudgetstotradeteachersfortechnologycouldbesostrongthattheyignorethedisadvantagesofdistancelearning.Schoolfacilitiesareexpensivetobuildandmaintain,andteachersareexpensivetoemploy.Onlineclassesdonotrequirebuildingsandeachclasscanhosthundredsofpeoplesimultaneously,resultingingreatersavings,thusincreasingthetemptationofdistanceeducationforthoseconcernedmoreaboutbudgetsthanlearning.Butmovingawayfromatraditionalclassroominwhichaliving,breathinghumanbeingteachesandinteractswithstudentsdailywouldbeadisaster.Physicallyattendingschoolhashiddenbenefits:gettingupeverymorning,interactingwithpeers,andbuildingrelationshipswithteachersareessentialskillstocultivateinyoungpeople.Moreover,schoolsshouldbemorethansimpleinstitutionsoftraditionallearning.Theyarenowplacesthatprovidemeals.Theyareplaceswherestudentsreceivecounselingandothersupport.Thosepolicy-makersareoftenfascinatedbythelatesttechnologyineducationanditspotentialto“transform“educationovernight.Butonlineeducationdoesnotallowateachertokeepastrugglingstudentafterclassandofferhelp.Educationalvideosmaydeliveracademiccontent,buttheyareunabletomakeeyecontactorassessastudent'slevelofengagement.Distanceeducationwillnevermatchthepersonalteachinginatraditionalclassroom.Intheirfirst18yearsoflife,Americanchildrenspendonly9%oftheirtimeinschool.Yetteachersareexpectedtopreparethemtoberesponsiblecitizens,cultivatetheirsocialskills,encouragesuccessfultimemanagement,andenhancetheircapacitytoflourishinanincreasinglyharshlabormarket.Giventheseexpectations,schoolsshouldnotbecomepermanently“remote”.Thepoweroftheclassroomisrootedinthehumanityofthepeopleg