選擇性必修 第一冊 Unit 5　Revealing nature學(xué)案 2025年高考英語外研版（2019）一輪復(fù)習(xí)教材梳理

Unit5Revealingnature【Step1題源研讀·探尋主題提升思維】Humansaredisruptingnatural“saltcycle”onaglobalscale,newstudyshows新研究顯示,人類正在全球范圍內(nèi)破壞自然“鹽循環(huán)”Humanactivitiesaremakingtheglobesaltier,specificallyinoursoils,freshwaterandair,accordingtoastudyreleasedinthejournalNatureReviewsEarth&Environment.Overthepast50years,salthasincreasedinstreamsandriversaspeoplehavebegunusingandproducingmoresalt.Mostpeoplethinkofsaltasthewhitespecksweputinourfoodorthesaltintheoceans,chemicallyknownassodiumchloride(NaCl).Thatsodiumsaltcanalsobefoundindetergents(洗滌劑),otherhouseholdproductsandmore,buttherearemanydifferentsalts,includingcalcium,magnesiumandotherionsusedinadditionalproducts—andthey’reallincreasinginplaceswheretheydon’tnormallyoccur.SaltisanaturalandnecessarycomponentofEarth.Thecompoundisbroughttothesurfaceslowlyoverlonggeologicaltimescales,throughnaturalprocessessuchasweatheringofsedimentaryrocks.Whenexposedatthesurface,thesaltcanmixwithwater,betransportedintowaterorgointotheair.Livingorganisms,fromplantstopeople,takeupsmallportionstohelpregulatedailyfunctions.Excesssalthitchesaridewithwatermolecules,enteringgroundwater,soilandtheoceans.Buthumanactivitieshavealteredthisnormalsaltcycleinrecentdecades,theteamfound.Agriculture,mining,construction,waterandroadtreatment,andotherindustrialactivitiesareincreasingthesaltinourground,freshwatersystemsandair.Beforethisstudy,scientistsdidn’treallyknowhowmuchhumanswerechangingsaltconcentrationsaroundtheglobe.Butthe“magnitudetowhichwehavealteredoneofEarth’snaturalcyclesisalarming”,saidecologistBillHintz,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Heagreedwiththestudy’sauthorsthatthesechangestothesaltcycleareanexistentialthreattofreshwatersupplies.—TheWashingtonPost(同源高考:2019年北京卷閱讀D篇選自本報紙)金榜原創(chuàng)1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2aboutsalt?(B)A.Peoplecanonlyhaveaccesstosodiumsaltindailylife.B.Peopleintendtohavealimitedinsightintosalt.C.Additionalproductsaresupposedtobebanned.D.Saltsareincreasingintheworldscale.2.What’sthenormalsaltcycleaccordingtoParagraph3? (B)A.Formingasacompound—weatheringofsedimentaryrocks—consumedbylivingorganisms.B.ComingintobeinginEarthnaturally—beingbroughttothesurface—combiningwithwater—enteringsoilandoceans.C.ComingintobeinginEarthnaturally—beingtransportedtowaterandair—increasedbyhumanactivities.D.Formingasacompound—removingexcessivesalt—enteringsoilandoceans.長難句分析Mostpeoplethinkofsaltasthewhitespecksweputinourfoodorthesaltintheoceans,chemicallyknownassodiumchloride(NaCl).分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。Mostpeoplethinkofsaltasthewhitespecks為主句,weputinourfood是一個限制性定語從句,先行詞為whitespecks,引導(dǎo)詞被省略。翻譯:大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為鹽是我們放在食物中的白色顆粒,或者是海洋中的鹽,化學(xué)上被稱為氯化鈉(NaCl)?！維tep2考點(diǎn)突破·感悟經(jīng)典運(yùn)用提升】提示:題干中本單元詞匯加波浪線顯示【重點(diǎn)單詞——巧積詞匯】1.distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①(2021·天津高考)Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequiredtodeliverournewspaper.Youmayhavetocoversomedistance(distant).②(牛津高階詞典)Hebecameemotionallydistantfromhisfriendsandfamilyaftertheillness.③Inthedistance,youcanseethecowseatingthegrassquietly.④Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistant(distance)campground.⑤Asshepickedherwaycarefullyalongthestream,afamiliarfigurecameuptoherfromadistance.

當(dāng)她小心翼翼地沿著小溪走著時,一個熟悉的身影從遠(yuǎn)處朝她走了過來。 <寫作運(yùn)用:讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫>(1)be/become(+距離)distantfromsb./sth. 與某人/某物保持(……)距離(2)distance n.距離atadistance 隔一段距離;距離稍遠(yuǎn)inthedistance 在遠(yuǎn)處at/fromadistanceof... 在/從……遠(yuǎn)的地方keepsb.atadistance 對某人冷淡;與某人疏遠(yuǎn)distanceoneselffrom 使自己遠(yuǎn)離;使自己疏遠(yuǎn)【誤區(qū)釋疑】atadistance/inthedistance(1)atadistance指“在有一定距離的地方”,介詞用at,distance前可用a,some或acertain等修飾;(2)inthedistance表示“在遠(yuǎn)處,在遠(yuǎn)方(=faraway)”,介詞用in,distance前用the。2.evolvev.進(jìn)化【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空①M(fèi)anhasevolvedfromtheape.②Thecompanyhasevolvedintoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.③(2023·北京高考)Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionary(evolve)strugglesthathaveshapedEarth’sbiosphere.④Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution(evolve).(1)evolvefrom 由……進(jìn)化而成evolveoutof 從……發(fā)展而來evolveinto 發(fā)展成,進(jìn)化成(2)evolutionary adj.進(jìn)化的;演變的(3)evolution n.進(jìn)化,演變,發(fā)展3.blamev.責(zé)怪,指責(zé);把……歸咎于n.(壞事或錯事的)責(zé)任,責(zé)備,指責(zé)【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/一句多譯①(2023·北京高考)Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamed(blame)ononesinglecause.

②Youshouldtaketheblameforwhatyouhavedone.③Don’talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.④Tobehonest,itwasSu’sfault,butLiwasalsotoblame(blame).

⑤我們不能把這起事故歸咎于天氣。→Wecan’tblametheaccidentontheweather.(blamev.)

→Wecan’tput/laytheblamefortheaccidentontheweather.(blamen.) <寫作運(yùn)用:讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫>

(1)blamesb.for... 因……責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb. 把某事歸咎于某人betoblame(for...) (對……)負(fù)有責(zé)任(2)put/laytheblameforsth.onsb. 把某事歸咎于某人bear/take/accepttheblameforsth. 為某事承擔(dān)責(zé)任【誤區(qū)釋疑】blame,scold,criticize的區(qū)別blame是日常用語,表示一般的責(zé)備,語氣比較輕,沒有怒罵、申斥的意思scold“責(zé)罵;呵責(zé);申斥”,但不是辱罵,而是在發(fā)怒的情況下埋怨地說、喋喋不休地斥責(zé)。通常用于父母對子女、夫妻之間、上級對下屬或主人對仆人的責(zé)罵criticize是“批評;評論;挑剔”的意思,特別指對思想、言論、文章、行為等指出錯誤或加以評論4.linkv.把……聯(lián)系起來;連接n.鏈接;連接;聯(lián)系;(鏈狀物的)環(huán),節(jié),圈;紐帶【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①Idon’tknowwhethermycellphonecanlinkto/withtheInternet.②Thetwocountriesarefriendlyneighbouringcountrieslinked(link)togetherasfleshandblood.③Arrangementsarebeingmadetolinkupthetwofirms,soastoreducethecompetition.④Wearetryingtolinkupwithalltheoldfriendsworldwide.⑤(2023·全國乙卷)Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.

它可以為人們的生活帶來新的興趣和關(guān)注,并有助于在家與自然之間建立聯(lián)系。(1)link...to/with... 將……和……連接或聯(lián)系起來belinkedto/with 和……連接;和……有聯(lián)系(2)linktogether (使)連接在一起(3)linkup 連接;聯(lián)合linkupwith 與……聯(lián)合5.suspectv.猜想,懷疑,覺得n.嫌疑犯,嫌疑分子【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①Nottinghampolicelastnightfoundwhattheydescribedasasuspicious(suspect)package.②Theysuspecthimofkillingtheanimal.③(牛津高階詞典)Shesuspectedhimtobeanimpostor.

她懷疑他是個冒名行騙者。(1)suspectsb./sth. 懷疑某人/某事suspectsb.of(doing)sth. 懷疑某人(做)某事suspectsb./sth.as/tobe... 懷疑某人/某物為……Itissuspectedthat... 有人懷疑……(2)suspicious adj.感覺可疑的,懷疑的besuspiciousof 對……不信任,對……表示懷疑【誤區(qū)釋疑】doubt和suspect這兩個動詞均含有“懷疑”之意。doubt普通用詞,多指因證據(jù)不足或僅憑證據(jù)還不能肯定而產(chǎn)生懷疑,多含否定意味suspect指猜疑、疑心,肯定意味較多6.declinev.下降;減少;衰退;婉言拒絕;謝絕n.下降;衰退;衰退期【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/一詞多義①Iabsolutelydeclinetodiscuss(discuss)mydealingswithhimoranyone.

②Itisreportedthatthenumberofgoatsinthewildisonthedecline.③Weaskedhertocometoourparty,butshedeclined. 謝絕④TheartsofChinahavenotdeclinedinspiteofWesterninfluence. 衰落⑤Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays. 下降(1)declineto...下降/減少到……declineby... 下降/減少了……declinetodosth. 婉言拒絕做某事(2)onthedecline/indecline 在下降,在衰退ontheincrease 在增加,在增長(3)adeclineinsth. 在……方面的衰退/下降【核心短語——妙積詞塊】7.benativeto源于……的,原產(chǎn)于……【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①Theabilitytoswimisnativetofish.②Thehighbuildingishometomanycompanies.③Youcantellfromhisblueeyesthatheisn’tnativetoChina.

你可以從他的藍(lán)眼睛看出他不是中國人。 <寫作運(yùn)用:讀后續(xù)寫之人物描寫>(1)gonative入鄉(xiāng)隨俗nativeland 祖國,故土(2)behometo 是……所在地bethehomeof 是……的家園/發(fā)源地8.answerthecall響應(yīng)號召;接電話【步入經(jīng)典】完成句子①EveryoneofusshouldanswerthecallofthePartytoservethepeopleheartandsoul.

我們每個人都應(yīng)該響應(yīng)黨的號召,全心全意為人民服務(wù)。 <寫作運(yùn)用:應(yīng)用文寫作之倡議書>②Hewalkedrapidlyintothelivingroomtoansweracall/thephone.

他快步走進(jìn)起居室接電話。 <寫作運(yùn)用:讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫>③Willyouanswerthedoorbellforme?

你能幫我開門嗎? <寫作運(yùn)用:讀后續(xù)寫之對話描寫>(1)answerthedoorbell 應(yīng)門鈴聲開門answerthephone/acall 接聽電話(2)answerfor 對……負(fù)責(zé);因……而受罰answerback 頂嘴,回嘴(3)callonsb.todosth. 請求或號召某人做某事9.adaptto使適應(yīng);變得習(xí)慣……;使適合(新用途、新事情)【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①Someanimalscouldadapttovaryingdegreesofthenewenvironment.②Shemustlearntoadaptherself(she)toEnglishlife.③Hecouldn’tadapthiswayoflifetothecompany.④(牛津高階詞典)Mostofthesetoolshavebeenspeciallyadaptedforusebydisabledpeople.

這些工具多數(shù)已經(jīng)過特別改裝,供殘疾人使用。(1)adaptone’swayoflifeto 使某人的生活方式適應(yīng)于adaptoneselftonewcircumstances 使自己適應(yīng)新環(huán)境(2)beadaptedto 適應(yīng)【誤區(qū)釋疑】adaptto/adaptoneselfto/beadaptedto,“適應(yīng);適合”,to是介詞,后接名詞或動詞-ing形式。10.drive...away趕跑;驅(qū)車離開【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/句式升級①Whatsurprisesmeisthataftertwoandahalfyears,themotherwilldrivetheyoungpandaaway.②Iwatchedseveralpeoplegoby,getintotheircarsanddriveoff.③HispassionfortraditionalChineseculturemakeshimcometoChina.→HispassionfortraditionalChineseculturedriveshimtocometoChina.(用drive短語改寫)

driveoff駕車離開;趕走drivesb.crazy 使某人發(fā)瘋drivesb.todosth. 驅(qū)使某人做某事11.becrowdedwith堆滿,擠滿【步入經(jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①Theoldtownsquarewascrowdedwithpeople.②(牛津高階詞典)Crowdsofpeoplepouredintothestreet.

人們成群結(jié)隊(duì)涌上街頭。③AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.(教材原句P67)

達(dá)爾文在南美洲待了一段時間后,他船上的房間里就塞滿了他收集的動植物樣本。(1)crowdedadj.擁擠的(2)crowd n.人群v.聚集acrowdof/crowdsof... 一大群……,很多crowdin(onsb.) 涌上心頭,涌入腦海crowdintoone’smind 涌上某人的心頭crowdinto... 大批涌入(狹小的空間)【誤區(qū)釋疑】crowd可用作名詞,意為“人群,大眾”,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。thecrowd“老百姓,大眾”?！窘?jīng)典句型——速積表達(dá)】12.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.

使用植物萬維網(wǎng),植物可以分享信息,甚至可以彼此分享食物?！静饺虢?jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①WhenIcamehome,Ifoundmyfathersittinginthearmchair,reading(read)amagazine.②Notknowing(know)whatkindofgiftshelikes,Ican’tchooseoneforher.③Thewomandiedofcanceroneyearago,leaving(leave)hertwochildrenlonelyandhelpless.④LearningthatyougetadmittedtoPekingUniversity,Iamwritingtocongratulateyou.

得知你被北京大學(xué)錄取,我寫信祝賀你。(動詞-ing形式作狀語) <寫作運(yùn)用:應(yīng)用文寫作之祝賀信>動詞-ing形式作狀語時,可表示時間、伴隨、條件、原因、結(jié)果、方式等,通常相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句或并列句。13.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.

但是達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究非常令人信服,結(jié)果越來越多的人開始相信他的理論?！静饺虢?jīng)典】單句語法填空/完成句子①Heransoquickly(quick)thatweallcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.②Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayaword.

他如此生氣以至于說不出話來。③Thisissuchaninterestingbookthatweallenjoyreadingit.

這本書如此有趣,我們都喜歡讀它。(1)so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”【Step3進(jìn)階演練·強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)素養(yǎng)落實(shí)】【基礎(chǔ)全面練——練透單元要點(diǎn)】Ⅰ.語境填空——練熟高頻詞匯1.However,afterIwenttohighschool,somehowIbecamedistant(distance)fromhim.2.Standing(stand)onthetopofMountTai,weareabletohaveagoodviewofthebeautifulsceneryofthewholecity.3.WenaturallyassociatethenameofDarwinwiththetheoryofevolution(evolve).4.Youshouldinformeveryoneofthesedangerousanddisgraceful(disgrace)conditions.5.Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirwayusing(use)thesunandthestars.6.Honestlyspeaking,weallsuspected(suspect)thelittleprincessofnottellingthetruthtous.7.Blamed(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.8.Itwasthesecondtimethathehadrushed(rush)outoftheclassroomwithoutpermission.

9.Itwashiscarelessnessaswellashislazinessthatledtohisfailure(fail).10.Earlydetection(detect)ofcancerscangreatlyincreasethechancesofcureevenifyoudon’thaveanysymptomsyet.Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短語句式1.仆人在臥室的角落里發(fā)現(xiàn)了小偷,并把他趕走了。Theservantdetectedthethiefinthecornerofthebedroomanddrovehimaway.

2.專家認(rèn)為這種疾病與使用化學(xué)殺蟲劑有關(guān)。Expertsbelievethattheillnessislinkedtotheuseofchemicalpesticide.

3.總經(jīng)理對事故負(fù)有責(zé)任,盡管這并不是他的錯。Themanagingdirectorwasblamedfortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

4.眾所周知,深受世界人民喜愛的大熊貓原產(chǎn)于中國。Asweallknow,thepandawhichislovedbypeopleworldwideisnativetoChina.

5.我終將響應(yīng)時代的召喚,為祖國獻(xiàn)身。Ishalleventuallyanswerthecallofthetimesanddevotemyselftomymotherland.

Ⅲ.教材語篇——課文縮寫填空(黑體詞是本單元核心詞匯)ThecaptainoftheshipnamedtheBeaglewantedsomeonetoprofitby1.visiting(visit)distantcountries.Luckily,Darwingottheopportunity,2.although/thoughhewasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Darwinwasageologistandnaturalist,3.fascinated(fascinate)byrocks,plantsandanimals.Thejourneygavehimthechance4.tostudy(study)variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwin5.hadspent(spend)sometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Hebegantoconsiderthequestion6.howdifferentspeciescametoexist.

Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilar7.toeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheir8.changing(change)environments?Darwindecidedtofindoutthetruth.In1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Aftermuchresearch,hecametothe9.conclusion(conclude)thatnewspeciesevolvedfromearlierancestors.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies,which10.isregarded(regard)asoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever,anditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.

【寫作提能練——升華主題寫作】單元話題微寫作——四種模式之讀后續(xù)寫Afreezingdownpourwashedthestreetinfrontofthesmall-townbar.Isatgazingintothewaterydarkness,aloneasusual.Ihadbeeninthatoldbarforhalfanhour,quietlydrinking,whenmythoughtfuleyesfinallyfocusedonamedium-sizedlump(一團(tuán))inapuddle(水洼)ahundredfeetaway.Foranothertenminutes,Ilookedoutthroughthewindowtryingtodecideifthelumpwasananimalorjustsomething.Thenightbefore,aGermandognamedShephadcomeintothebarbeggingforpotatochips.Hewasstarvingandjustthesizeofthelumpinthepuddle.Whyshouldadoglieinacoldpuddleinthefreezingrain?Iaskedmyself.Theanswerwassimple:Eitheritwasn’tadog,oritwas,hewastooweaktogetup.Thewoundinmyrightshoulderachedallthewaydownmyfingers.Ididn’twanttogooutinthestorm.Hey,itwasn’tmydog.Itwasjustastrayonacoldrainynight,alonelydrifter(流浪者).SowasI,Ithought,asItossed(扔)downwhatwasleftofmydrinkandheadedoutthedoor.Hewaslyinginthethreeinchesofwater.WhenItouchedhim,hedidn’tmove.Ithoughthewasdead.Iputmyhandsaroundhischestandraisedhimtohisfeet.Hestoodunsteadily,andhisheadhunglikeaweightattheendofhisneck.Hisfloppyearswerejusthairlesspiecesoffleshdottedwithopensores(瘡).“Comeon,Shep,”Isaid,leadinghimtoacornernexttothebar,wherehelayonthecoldcementandclosedhiseyes.AblockawayIcouldseethelightsofalate-nightconveniencestore.Itwasstillopen.Iboughtthreecansofdogfoodandfedhim.Hecouldn’tswallowbutpoorlylookedatme.Hewasdying!注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右。Thelocalvet(獸醫(yī))wasstillathisoffice,soIloadedthepoorcreatureintoataxiandheadedthere.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Threedayslater,whenIopenedthedoorofthevet’s,Shepwelcomedmewithwildenthusiasm.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step1