人教版新目標(biāo)2013版九年級(jí)英語筆記

Howcanwebecomegoodleaners?單元重點(diǎn)：1adosthbydoingsth1c主題句型：Howdoyoustudyforatest?Istudybyworkingwithagroup.2a1.whatabout與howabout:Whataboutlisteningtotapes?Whataboutreadingaloudtopracticepronunciation?Whatabout=Howaboutabout介詞后面的動(dòng)詞要加ing2.Aloudloudloundly的辨析Aloudadv.出聲地用于readthink,沒有比較級(jí)最高級(jí)。Eg.Whataboutreadingaloudtopracticepronunciation?Loudadv.adj.響亮大聲，用于speakshouttalk,常用于口語，多用于比較級(jí)。Pleasespeaklouder.Loudly喧鬧嘈雜不悅耳，多用于ringknock：Theyarguedloudlyinthenextroom.2bI’vlearndalotthatway.（1）.Alotof=lot’sof修飾名詞，表示許多。Alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，一點(diǎn)兒，很少Thereisalittlewaterintheglass.（2）.alot很，非常。作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞或比較級(jí)，多用在肯定句中：Thanksalot.Ifeelalot/muchbetternow.我感覺好多了。Alittle也可跟alot一樣用：Memorizingthewordsofpopsongsalsohelpalittle.2.Ithinkithelps.我認(rèn)為它有幫助。3.It’stoohardtoundersandspokenEnglish.知識(shí)點(diǎn)：太怎樣以至于不能?？键c(diǎn)：句型轉(zhuǎn)換：too…to…與so…that..SpokenEnglshissohardthatIcan’tunderstanditIt’toohardtoundersandspokenEnglish.類似的在某些情況下還可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換的句型有：Havetroubledoingsth.Haveadifficulttimedoingsth.It’s…(difficult)forsb.todosth.notenoughtodosth.Eg.IhavetroubleunderstandingspokenEnglish.IhaveadifficulttimeunderstandingspokenEnglish.It’sdifficultformetounderstandspokenEnglish.Mydaughterisfiveyearsold.Sheisnotenoughtogotoprimaryschool.Mydaughtersoyongthatshecan’tgotoprimaryschool.TheboyransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchhim.Theboyrantoofasttocatchhim.Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayaword.2dIhavetofinishreadingabookandgiveareportnextMonday.（1）.haveto從客觀上講不得不做某事。（2）.must從主觀上講不得不做某事。Must的用法拓展（一），（1）肯定：必須，應(yīng)該：Imustfinishmyhomeworkbeforefiveo’clock.Mustyoufinishyourhomeworkbeforeeighto’clock?Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn’t.No,Idon’thaveto.(2)、否定：mustn’t表示禁止做某事。Youmustn’ttalkwithothersinclass.(二)，must作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)：unit8ItmustbelongtoCarla.（1），表肯定：Theremustbesomemistakes.Thebabycan'tbeill.HeissoactiveThebookmustbeTom’s.Hisnameisonit.(2),表否定用can’t:Whoistalkinginthenextroom?Itcan’tbeTom,HehasgonetoShanghai.2.Ihavetofinishreadingabookandgiveareport.Finish+v.ingfinish后面的動(dòng)詞加ing.類似的動(dòng)詞還有：practiceenjoymindkeepgostoprememberforgetlikeprefersuggestagainst(反對(duì))聯(lián)想拓展：跟不定式to的有：Liketodowanttodogetusedtodobeusedtodolearntodoexpecttodorefusetodopretendtodo,promisetodo,beabletodobegintodoneedto3.Ihavetofinishreadingabookandgiveareport.短語：giveareport.作報(bào)告giveaspeech作演講4.Justreadquicklytogetthemainideasatfirst.短語：(1)atfirst起初，開始，暗示后來又變化。(2)Forthefirsttime(有生以來第一次，一段時(shí)間以來第一次)Ihavebeenhereforninemonth,forthefirsttime,Imissedmyparentssomuch.(3)firstofall,首先，就順序而言。tostart/beginwith(首先)Atfirst,Ididn’tlikeEnglish,butnowIdo.5.Don’treadwordbyword.Wordbyword逐字逐句地Onebyone一個(gè)接一個(gè)地6.短語：bepatient要有耐心Ittakestime這需要時(shí)間3a1.WhydidWeiFenfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish?Finditdifficulttodosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難。2.Thesecrettolanguagelearning語言學(xué)習(xí)的秘訣3.HowIlearndtolearnEnglish學(xué)習(xí)怎樣學(xué)英語Learntodosth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事。4.TheteacherspokensoquicklythatIdidnotunderstandhermostofthetime.(1)mostofthetime絕大多數(shù)時(shí)候(2)sothat與tooto之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：Theteacherspokentooquicklytounderstandhermostofthetime.5.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.(1)beafraidtodosth害怕去做某事（因害怕而不敢做某事）Iwasafraidtospeakinclass.(2)beafraidofsth.害怕某事物。Wereyouafraidofthedarkwhenyouwereachild?I’mafraidofthesnakes.(3)beafraidofdoingsth害怕做某事（事情本身有危險(xiǎn)）Theboyisafraidoffallingintotheriver.Jimisafraidofgoingtobedinthedark.吉姆害怕摸黑上床睡覺。6.because與becauseofBecause連詞，其后跟一個(gè)完整的句子。Becauseoff復(fù)合介詞，其后跟代詞名詞。Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecauseofhisillness.7.Ifellinlovewiththisexcitingandfunnymovie!fallinlovewith愛上fall的聯(lián)想拓展：falls瀑布，隕石。fall落下，摔倒fell(過去式)fallen(過去分詞)fallinto落入陷入fallasleep入睡8.be/fallasleep,sleepgo/gettosleep,gotobed的辨析這組詞都與“睡”有關(guān)，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。(1).sleep強(qiáng)調(diào)“睡覺”這一動(dòng)作，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可與表示時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：Hesleptforeighthours.他睡了八個(gè)小時(shí)。Whycouldn`tthemandownstairssleep?樓下那個(gè)人為什么睡不著？(2).beasleep表示“睡著”的狀態(tài)，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其中asleep不能用very修飾，只能用sound,fast等詞修飾。如：Thebabyisfastasleep.孩子睡得很香。Thelittlegirlissoundasleep.這個(gè)小女孩睡得很熟。(3).fallasleep意指“睡著”，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程，側(cè)重于“自然而然地入睡、不想入睡而入睡”的含義。如：Hewasjustfallingasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthedoor.他剛睡著，就有人使勁敲門。Idon`tknowwhenIfellasleeplastnight.我不知道昨晚什么時(shí)候睡著的。(4).gotosleep指“入睡、進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，即begintosleep。如：Hewassotiredthathewenttosleepsoon.他很累，不久就睡著了。Ijustwanttoclosemyeyesandgotosleepasquicklyaspossible.我正想合上眼，盡快地睡上一覺。(5).gettosleep意為“睡著、入眠”，強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)，且多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。如：Iwaswaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!Ican`tgettosleep.我在等另一只鞋的落地聲！我睡不著。(6).gotobed意為“就寢、上床睡覺”，著重指上床準(zhǔn)備睡覺的動(dòng)作，無“睡著”之意。一般說來，是gotobed在前，然后才go/gettosleep或fallasleep。如：Heusuallygoestobedatteno`clockandgoestosleep/fallsasleepfiveminuteslater.他通常十點(diǎn)鐘就寢，五分鐘后入睡。Onemankeephealthyifhegoestobedearlyandgetsupearly.如果一個(gè)人早睡早起，他就能保持身體健康。9.Theirbodylanguageandtheexpressionsontheirfaceshelpedmetogetthemeaning.Help的用法（1）helpsb.todosth.CanyouhelpmetolearnEnglish?你能幫助我學(xué)英語嗎？（2）withthehelpof在……幫助下Withthehelpofher,hefoundhislostchild.在她的幫助下，他找到了失蹤的小孩（3）helpsb.withsth.PleasehelpmewithmyFrench.（4）helponeself（to）自用（食物等）。Helpyourselftothefish.請(qǐng)隨便吃魚。9.Ilookthemupinadictionarylookup動(dòng)副短語，代詞作賓語放中間。Ioftenlookupnewwordsinadictionary.4c短語：takenotes記筆記keepadiary記日記Unit1Howcanwebecomegoodlearners?SectionB1a1.pronouncev.與pronunciationn.Ican`tpronouncesomeofthewords.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecauseofmypoorpronunciation.2.spokenEnglish英語口語3.increase和improve:Idon’tknowhowtoincreasemyreadingspeed.HowcanIimprovemypronunciation?increase的意思是“增加”，側(cè)重指的是數(shù)據(jù)方面的增加improve的意思是“提升，提高，進(jìn)步”，屬于比較小的，比如說學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步了develop“發(fā)展”，一般指的是比較重大的，像歷史、科技發(fā)展之類的4.特殊疑問詞加不定式句型跟賓語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)Idon’tknowhowtoincreasemyreadingspeed.Idon’tknowhowIshouldincreasemyreadingspeed.(2)Shedidn'tknowwhichblousetobuy.=Shedidn'tknowwhichblousesheshouldbuy.(3)I'mthinkingaboutwhattosay.=I'mthinkingaboutwhatIshouldsay.我在考慮說什么。(4)Icouldnotdecidewhichdictionarytobuy.=IcouldnotdecidewhichdictionaryIshouldbuy.5.短語：makemistakes=makeamistake犯錯(cuò)Ingrammar在語法方面1b.1.活躍的動(dòng)詞不定式to用法之一：表示動(dòng)作的目的(1)Idon’tknowenoughwordstowritewell.(2)HecanjoinanEnglishlanguageclubtopracticespeaking(3)Heshouldfindapenpaltopracticewriting.(4)Idon’thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.1c1.課文原句：Hecan’tgetthepronunciationright.Hedoesn’tgetmuchwritingpractice.get的用法小結(jié)：(1)獲得，得到，收到，買：Wheredidyougetthebook?Hegetsfirstprizeinthelisteningcontest.(比賽)Igotanewcoatinthatstorelastweek.IgotaletterfromTomthismorning.我收到來自湯姆的信（受到某人的信還可用hearfrom）(2)作為連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，表示“變成、變得”Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysgetlonger.(3)作使役動(dòng)詞：使、、、讓、、、getsb.todosth.讓某人做某事:Igothimtocleantheblackboard.Don'tgetyourhandsdirty.getsth.done:I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.=I'llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.Wehadthemachinerepaired.=Wegotthemachinerepaired.(4)getsth.forsb.替某人買、拿東西。Hewenttotheofficeandgotsomechalk(粉筆)forhisteacher.(5)get+adj.變得、、、形成、、、狀態(tài)。Itisgettingdarkeranddarker.(6)與get相關(guān)的常見詞組：getout出去getback回來，取回來getto到達(dá)geton(abus/train)上車getup起床get(well)onwithsb.跟某人相處（得好）getinto2.常見的幾個(gè)提建議的句型：(1).Whatabout…Howabout…Whataboutreadingaloudtopracticepronunciation?(2).whydon’tyou…=whynot…Whydon’tyoulistentoEnglishsongsontheradioandrepeatthedifficultwords?(3).canshouldmayHecanjoinanEnglishlanguageclubtopracticespeaking?Heshouldfindapenpaltopracticewriting.MayItakethisbookhometoread?肯定用Yes,please.否定用No,youmustn’t./No,youcan’t或No,you’dbetternot.(4)ShallI(we)…Willyou…ShallIopenthewindowandclosethedoor?Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?Willyoutellmewherethenearestbookshopis?(5).Let’sLet’sgoandfindsomethinginterestingtodo.(6).Wouldyouplease…Couldyouplease…Couldyoupleasegohikingwithme?(7)You’dbetter…You’d=Youhad…You’dbetternotgooutatnight.(8)“Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形Don’tbelatenexttime,please.1c1d中的短語:talktosb.talkwithsb.athome2b1.bebornwith天生具有。Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.2.dependson取決于：Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.但是你是否能做好這件事取決于你的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。Alldependsontheweather.3.incommon共同的，共有的。Researchshowsthatsuccessfullearnershavesomegoodhabitsincommon.收索，找遍許多例子我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成功的學(xué)習(xí)者通常都有共同的好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。IhavenothingincommonwithJane.我和簡(jiǎn)毫無共同之處。Hehadverylittleincommonwithhissister. 他和姐姐幾乎沒有什么共同語言。Wehappenedtodiscoverwehadafriendincommon. 我們湊巧發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有一個(gè)共同的朋友。4.beinterestingin對(duì)、、、感興趣。5.beeasyforsb.todosth.對(duì)于某人來說做某事容易。bedifficultforsb.todosth.payattentionto注意，留意。課文原句：Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.如果你對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中的一些事情感興趣的話，那么你的大腦就會(huì)更積極活躍并且對(duì)你來說長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持注意力也很容易。payattentionto（to是介詞，接動(dòng)詞+ing））注意，留意：Ihopeyouwillpayattentiontothisproblem.Youmustpayattentiontoyourteacherintheclass.Theypaidattentiontowatchingthescene.他們注意到了觀察現(xiàn)場(chǎng)6.connect···with···把···和···聯(lián)系起來。課文原句：Goodlearnersoftenconnectwhattheyneedtolearnwithsomethinginteresting.好的學(xué)習(xí)者通常會(huì)把他們要學(xué)習(xí)的東西跟一些有趣的東西聯(lián)系起來。7.getbored變得厭煩。begoodat擅長(zhǎng)→→dowellin在某方面做得好。他們之間可以做同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。thinkof與thinkaboutthinkof想起：Whatgoodlearninghabitscanyouthinkof？thinkabout思考考慮：Goodlearnersthinkaboutwhattheyaregoodatandwhattheyneedtopracticemore.8.課文原句：Practicemakesperfect.知識(shí)點(diǎn)：make的用法小結(jié)：(1)做；制作；制造:Canyoumakeanymooncakes?(2)使，迫使，令：=1\*GB3①主動(dòng)句：makesb.dosth.:Idon'tlikemilk,butshemademedrinkit.Don'tmakethebabycryanymore.不要再讓那個(gè)孩子哭了。Sadmoviesmakemecry.(來自Unit11單元題目)=2\*GB3②被動(dòng)句：sb.bemadetodosth.:Practicemakesperfect.在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中其后要跟省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，而在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，to不能省去。如：Shewasmadetowaitforoveranhour.她被迫等了一個(gè)多鐘頭?！粲⒄Z中，類似于make這種用法的動(dòng)詞還有l(wèi)et,have,hear,see,watch,notice,feel等。如：Isawhimputthekeyintothekeyhole,turnitandopenthedoor.我看見他把鑰匙插進(jìn)鎖孔，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)鑰匙，然后打開了門。Shewasseentogointotheclassroom.有人看見她進(jìn)了教室。=3\*GB3③make作系動(dòng)詞，其后跟形容詞作表語：TheawfulpicturesmakeAmyuncomfortable.(選自Unit11SectionB1b)TheloudmuseicmakesAmynevous.關(guān)于make的短語：makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤makeatelephonecall打電話makefriendswith與……交朋友makeadecisiontodosth決定做某事。decidetodosth.makeaface做鬼臉makealiving謀生；維持生活makemoney賺錢makeone'sbed鋪床；收拾床鋪makeone'swayto往……走makesure確信；務(wù)必；弄清楚9課文原句：Goodlearnerswillkeeppracticingwhattheyhavelearned.Keep用法小結(jié)：(1)用作及物動(dòng)詞：(a).意為保存、保留、保持、留下：Couldyoukeeptheselettersforme,please?I'llkeepaseatforyou.我給你留個(gè)座位。Itcanhelptokeepvegetables,fruitandmeatforalongtimeinhotsummer.在炎熱的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉類長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保鮮Canyoukeepasecret?你能保守秘密嗎？Hekeptallmoneyinthebank.(b).履行（諾言）遵守（法律規(guī)則）Everybodymustkeepthelaw(c).意為"照顧、養(yǎng)活、贍養(yǎng)、飼養(yǎng)"等。如Shekepthersisterforaweekwhilehersisterwasill.Ihaveafamilytokeep.我得養(yǎng)活一家人。Theoldmankeptmanyanimalslikedogs,pigs,andcats.(d).經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理：Hekeptahotelinthiscity.(e).借：borrow是不可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)要表達(dá)借某東西多久時(shí)，就用keep:HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?這本書我可借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？Youcankeepitfortwoweeks.你可以借兩周(f).意為"記(日記、帳等)"。如：shekeepsadiaryeveryday.她堅(jiān)持每天記日記(g).意為"使……保持某種(狀態(tài)、位置或動(dòng)作等)"。這時(shí)要在keep的賓語后接補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。其中賓語補(bǔ)足語通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等充當(dāng)。如：Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(形容詞)我們應(yīng)保持教室整潔干凈。Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyesclosed.(過去分詞)班上其他同學(xué)都閉著眼睛keep…awayfrom…使什么遠(yuǎn)離什么。You'dbetterkeepthechildawayfromthefire.(副詞)Thebadweatherkeepsusinsidethehouse.(介詞短語)壞天氣使我們不能出門。keepsb.doingsth.Don'tkeepmewaitingforlong.(現(xiàn)在分詞)別讓我等太久。(2).用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)：keep＋表語，意為"保持，繼續(xù)(處于某種狀態(tài))"Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.(形容詞)你必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康（keephealthy=keepinhealth）Sheknewshemustkeepcalm.她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜(3).含keep的其它常用句型：（a）.keep（on）doingsth.意為"繼續(xù)干某事":Hekeptworkingallday,becausehewantedtofinishtheworkontime.他整天都在不停地工作，因?yàn)樗霚?zhǔn)時(shí)完成工作。(b).keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事：Theheavysnowkeptusfromgoingout.大雪使我們不能出去。10.notenoughtodosth.:課文原句：Itisnotenoughtojuststudyhard.僅僅只靠努力是不夠的。lookfor尋找lookafter照看照顧takecareof照看照顧takeafter（有血緣關(guān)系）的人之間外貌性格相像（遺傳像）looklike廣泛的人，物，事之間相像。(看上去像)besimilarto一般都是在相近似的物品和情境的對(duì)比上11.trytodosth.和trydoingsth.的辨析：trytodosth.努力做某事Trytobehereontimetryone’sbesttodosth.Youmusttryyourbesttofinishyourtest.trydoingsth.嘗試做某事Itriedknockingatthedoor,butnobodyanswered.我試著敲了敲后門，但沒人回答。SelfCheck練習(xí)題一。1.bestressedout有壓力的haveatest考試課文原句：Areyoustressedouteachtimeyouhavearest?Whenyouarestressedout,youshouldlistentomusic.I'vebeenstressedoutaboutmyoralexam.我覺得口語考試壓力大2.rembertodosth.記得去做某事。remberdoingsth.記得做過某事。課文原句：Rembertotakenotesinclass.類似的短語還有：(1)stoptodo與stopdoingstoptodosth.停止正在做的事情，去做另外一件事。（結(jié)果還在做）stopdoingsth停止做某事。（最后結(jié)果：沒有做事了）stopdoingsth.是停止做某事指停止做原來的事情e.g.Hearingthedoorbell,shestoppedwashingthedishes.聽見門鈴聲，她停止洗碗了。stoptodo是停下（手頭的事情）去做另外一件事e.g.Hearingthedollbell,shestoppedtoopenthedor.聽見門鈴聲，她停下手中的活去開門。(2)forgettodo與forgetdoingforgettodo忘記去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘記做過某事。(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Don'tforgettocometomorrow.3.bitbybit一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地；漸漸地Hesavedmoneybitbybituntilhehaveenoughtobuyacar.他一點(diǎn)兒一點(diǎn)兒攢錢直到夠買一輛汽車。4.atonce立刻，馬上同意短語：rightawayinaminute5.worryabout與beworriedaboutbeworriedabout表示一個(gè)狀態(tài)；而worryabout表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作(1)worryabout擔(dān)憂，擔(dān)心。Youdon'thavetoworryaboutme.I'magoodswimmer. 你不用擔(dān)心我。我水性很好(2)Don'tbeworriedabouttomorrow'stest,youwillpassit.不要擔(dān)心明天的測(cè)試，你會(huì)通過的。Heisworriedabouthisson.他為兒子擔(dān)心。Heisworryingabouthisson.他正擔(dān)心他的兒子。Heworriesabouthisson.他為兒子擔(dān)心。練習(xí)題二，What’sthematter?同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：What’swrongwithyou?Unit2Ithinkthatmooncakesaredelicious!單元重點(diǎn)：1.賓語從句2.感嘆句一。賓語從句（一）概念：在復(fù)合句中，由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語，這個(gè)句子就叫做賓語從句。（二）要點(diǎn)：關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)態(tài)語序（三）具體講解：1.關(guān)聯(lián)詞：(1)從句原型是陳述句：that（有時(shí)可省略）Ithink(that)Halloweenisafunfestival.Marythinks(that)theteamswerejustfantastic.(2)從句原型是一般疑問句whether/if:Iwonderif/whetherthey’llhavetheracesagainnextyear.Benwondersif/whetherAprilisagoodtimetovisitThailand.(3)從句原型是特殊疑問句：whowhatwhichwhenwherehowwhy:Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?Canyoutellmewhosheis?2.時(shí)態(tài)：(1).如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?(2)如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.(3).如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.3.賓語從句的語序：賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.4.賓語從句中whether和if有什么區(qū)別whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，在口語或間接引語中兩者可以互換使用。如：Iwonderif/whetherIcangetsomeadvicefromyou.Iaskhimwhether/ifhecancome.但在有些情況下，whether和if的用法有一定區(qū)別。(1).whether引導(dǎo)的從句?？梢耘c連詞or或ornot直接連用，而if一般不能。如：正：Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.誤：Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.(2).當(dāng)賓語從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)，而不能用if。正：Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.誤：Ifitistrueornot,Ican’ttell.(3).whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式，if則不能。如：正：Idon’tknowwhethertoaccept(接受)orrefuse（拒絕）.誤：Idon’tknowiftoacceptorrefuse.(4).whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放在介詞之后，作介詞的賓語，但if不能。如：正：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.誤：IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.第(5)點(diǎn)用法區(qū)別作為了解，可以不背：(5).whether可以引導(dǎo)從句，作主語、表語或同位語，而if不能。正：Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.誤：Itwasuncertainifhewouldcome.正：HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.誤：HisfirstquestionwasifTomhadarrivedyet.正：Wemustconsiderthequestionwhetherwewilltakethesemeasures.誤：Wemustconsiderthequestionifwewilltakethesemeasures.總結(jié)：if在賓語從句中不可用的情況：介后ornot,賓、to前，主、表，同位皆不用。5.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是：thinkbelieveimaginesupposeconsiderexpectguess等詞時(shí)，主句的主語是第一人稱，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致：Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式：Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?二.感嘆句：感嘆句是表示說話時(shí)的驚異、喜悅、氣氛、哀傷等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。通常由how或what引導(dǎo)，句末用感嘆號(hào)。1.由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：(1)What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式（+主語+謂語）?。篧hataclevergirlsheis!(2)What形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式（+主語+謂語）！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!(3)What形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！Whatsweet+wateritis!2.由howy引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：(1)How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式（+主語+謂語）！Howusefulasubjecttheyarelearning!(2)How+形容詞/副詞（+主語+謂語）Howhotitistoday!Howdeliciousthemooncakesare!Howfastheruns!(3)How+主語+謂語！Howtimeflies!總結(jié)：1.形容詞后有名詞用what,形容詞后無名詞用how.2.總觀how和what的六種結(jié)構(gòu)：相同的是:How/what形容詞主語謂語不同的是：(1)whata/an形容詞:How形容詞a/anWhataclevergirlsheis!Howcleveragirlsheis!(2)How+形容詞+主語+謂語！Howdeliciousthemooncakesare!Whatdeliciousmooncakestheyare！Howhotitistoday!Howsweetthewateris!Whatahotdayitis!Whatsweetwateritis!3.陳述句改為感嘆句陳述句改為感嘆句時(shí)，常使用“一斷二加三換位”的方法：(1)“一斷”，即在謂語動(dòng)詞后邊斷開，把句子分成兩部分Sheis~abeautifulgirl.Heworks~hard.(2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一個(gè)詞為形容詞、副詞，就加上how；如果是名詞（詞組），就加上what。Sheis~（what）abeautifulgirl.Heworks~(how)hard.(3)“三換位”，即把第一部分與第二部分互換位置，同時(shí)把句號(hào)換為感嘆句。Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Howhardheworks!2cputon增加（體重），發(fā)胖課文原句：I’vputonfivepounds.Puton穿衣服Heputonacoatandranoutofthehouse.拓展：關(guān)于穿衣的幾種表達(dá)：dress給某人穿dressup打扮裝飾，穿上盛裝，盛裝打扮Puton強(qiáng)調(diào)穿衣動(dòng)作wear強(qiáng)調(diào)穿什么衣服的樣子、狀態(tài)。In其后跟顏色，表示穿什么顏色的衣服。Heputonacoatandranoutofthehouse.Hedressedhissonacoatandranoutofthehouse.Heworeacoatandranoutofthehouse.Themaninaredcoatranoutofthehouse.2d一，關(guān)于in加一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)：in+一段時(shí)間，表示一段時(shí)間之后或者一段時(shí)間以內(nèi)。課文原句：I’mgoingtoChiangMaiintwoweeks.考點(diǎn)：針對(duì)劃線部分提問：HowsoonareyougoingtoChiangMai?Myfatherwillcomebackinthreehours.Howsoonwillyourfathercomeback?拓展：針對(duì)劃線部分提問，用到howlonghowsoonhowfarhowoftenhowmanyhowmuchhowold:1.howlong:IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears.HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?Thisriverisabouttenkilometerslong.Howlongisthisriver?2.howsoon:Jimwillreturnintwoweeks.HowsoonwillJimreturn?3.howfar:Hisschoolistwokilometersawayfromhishome.Howfarishisschoolfromhishome?4.howoften:TomwatchesTVtwiceaweek.HowoftendoeshewatchTV.拓展：對(duì)“次數(shù)”提問用howmanytimes。如：HehasbeentoEnglandtwice.→HowmanytimeshashebeentoEngland?5.Howmany:Therearesevendaysinaweek.Howmanydaysarethereinaweek?TherearefiftystudentsinClass1.HowmanystudentsarethereinClass1?6.howmuchShespenttenyuanonthebook.Howmuchdidshespendonthebook?7.howold:Herbrotherisfiveyearsold.Howoldisherbrother?=What’sherbrother’sage?二.besimilarto的用法:1.besimilarto一般都是在相近似的物品和情境的對(duì)比上:課文原句：Iwonderifit`ssimilartotheWaterFestivaloftheDaipeopleinYunnanProvince.我想知道泰國(guó)潑水節(jié)和中國(guó)云南省傣族潑水節(jié)是否相似。Myproblemsaresimilartoyours.我的問題與你的類似2.takeafter（有血緣關(guān)系）的人之間外貌性格相像（遺傳像）Hetakesafterhisfather,adrunkard.[`dr??k?d].他就像他父親一樣，醉漢一個(gè)。3.looklike廣泛的人，物，事之間看起來相像。(指樣子看起來像)：(1)Helookslikeadoctorwhenhewearsawhiteuniform.Thecontour[`k?ntu?]輪廓ofthatmountainlookslikeadragon龍拓展：looklik的其他用法：(2)詢問某人長(zhǎng)什么樣：Whatdoesyoursisterlooklike?你的姐姐長(zhǎng)什么樣？注意：What`syoursisterlike?（belike問性格）你姐姐怎樣？你姐姐是怎樣的人？Whatdoesyoursisterdo?你姐姐是做什么的？4.besimilarto,takeafter,looklike,之間相互轉(zhuǎn)換：Heissimilartohismother.Hetakesafterhismother.Helookslikehismother.5.similar相似和same相同Same前要加定冠詞the:Asimilarmistake相似的錯(cuò)誤thesamemistake相同的錯(cuò)誤Thebrotherslookverysimilar.Iaminthesameclasswithhim.Same的拓展：thesameas相同bedifferentfrom不同thesameas:Thispenisthesameasmine.Thispenisdifferentfrommine.Ihavethesamelonghairasmysister.Saltisthesamecolorassnow.3a一，短語：intheshapeof是···的形狀課文原句：MooncakesareintheshapeofafullmoonontheMid-Autumnnight.月餅是中秋晚上月亮的樣子。二，短語：1,plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事。課文原句：HouYiplannedtodrinkitwithChane`e.2,refusetodosth.拒絕做某事課文原句：Chang`erefusedtogiveittohimanddrankitall.3,flyupto···飛到···地方課文原句：Shebecameverylightandflewuptothemoon.4,layout擺開，布置課文原句：Hequicklylaidoutherfavoritefruitsanddessertsinthegarden.注意：lay(放置)laidlaidlayout擺開布置Lie(存在，平躺，處于)laylain5，asaresult結(jié)果4b一，短語：givesth.tosb.=givesbsth.takeout取出課文原句：Americanchildrenoftengivegiftstotheirparentsortakethemoutforlunchordinner.Americanchildrenoftengivetheirparentsgifts.聯(lián)想，關(guān)于take的短語：Takeaway拿走takeafter長(zhǎng)得像takepartin參加takeoff起飛/脫下takecareof照看照顧takeiteasy放松別緊張takeaphoto/takephotos照相takenotes記筆記takesb./sth.to某地：帶某人或某物去某地二，關(guān)于spend的用法;（花錢買東西的表達(dá)：spendcosttakepayfor）1.spendtime/moneyonsth.Ispenttenyuanonthepen.Ispenttwohoursonthismathproblem.2.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花錢，時(shí)間做某事。Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.Ispent40minutes(in)doingmyhomework.3.spentmoneyforsthIspenttenyuanforthepen.拓展：1,take類似的用法：花時(shí)間，錢做某事。(1),Howlongwillittakeyoutodoyourhomeworkeveryday?每天做作業(yè)要花費(fèi)你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？Itake40minutestodomyhomeworkeveryday.=Ittakesmy40minutestodomyhomeworkeveryday.(2),花錢買東西:Itusuallytakesher20yuantobuybookseveryweek.每周買書通常要花費(fèi)她20元錢。=Shetakes20yuantobuybookseveryweek.2.cost的類似用法：物作主語，表示某物價(jià)值多少錢。costcost(過去式)cost(過去分詞)(1)Thepencoststenyuan.(2)Thepencostsme10yuan.(3)也可表示做某事要花多少時(shí)間(初中少見這種用法):Doingmyhomeworkcostme40minutes.3.pay的類似用法：paypaid(過去式)paid(過去分詞)payfor付錢(1)payforsth.(2)paymoneyforsth.Ineedtogetsomemoneytopayforsummercamp.Mybrotherpaidfortheshoes.Ipaidtenyuanforthepen.Unit2IthinkthatmooncakesaredeliciousSectionB1c一.短語：1.turnon打開turnoff關(guān)閉turnup調(diào)高，調(diào)大turndown調(diào)低，調(diào)小課文原句：Theyturnoffthelightsandlightcandles.2.dressup裝飾，打扮，穿上盛裝，盛裝打扮。dressupas裝扮成···課文原句：Littlekidsandevenparentsdressupasghostsorblackcats.Youdonotneedtodressupfordinner.你不必為了晚宴盛裝打扮WeshalldressthehallupfortheNationalDay.我們要把大廳布置一新過國(guó)慶節(jié)。Motherlovedtodressmeup.媽媽喜歡裝扮我3.playatrickonsb.戲弄捉弄某人；開某人的玩笑，欺騙某人。課文原句：Kidswillplayatrickonyouifyoudon`tgivethematreat.聯(lián)想：telljokes講笑話：Whenamupset,theycantelljokesforme拓展：關(guān)于joke的短語：telljokesonsb=telljokesaboutsb,講關(guān)于某人的笑話。IwilltellyousomejokesaboutJack.我給你們講幾個(gè)關(guān)于杰克的笑話。Ijustplayedsomejokesonhim,nobigdeal.我只是對(duì)他惡作劇而已，沒什么大不了的。telljokestosb=tellsbjokes,給某人講笑話。Letmetellsomejokestothegirls.我去給姑娘們講些笑話4.treatsb.款待某人givesb.atreat款待某人課文原句：Kidswillplayatrickonyouifyoudon`tgivethematreat.Hedoesn`ttreatothersnicely.他從不熱情友好的款待他人。（選自2b）2b一.Usefulexpressions:1.thetruemeaningofChristmas圣誕節(jié)的真諦2.give···to···：giveloveandjoytopeoplearoundus3.peoplearoundus我們周圍的人4.named/called叫什么名字的某人某物：課文原句：ItisaboutanoldmannamedScroogewhoneverlaughsorsmiles.5.peopleinneed需要幫助的人二.hatetodosth.與hatedoingsth.hatetodosth.（一次性的）hatedoingsth.（經(jīng)常性的）Ihatetodancewithyoutoday.Ihatedancingwithyou.三.usedto,beusedtodo,與beusedtodoing的區(qū)別：1，usedto過去常常做某事：Heusedtogotothelibraryinsummerholidays.。Iusedtogetupearlyandtakeanhour'swalkbeforebreakfast.我過去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小時(shí)。2.beusedtodosth.(1)主語是物的時(shí)候：被用于做某事：Thegoldisusedtomakeamedal.這金子是用來做獎(jiǎng)牌的。Computersareusedtodomanythingsforpeoplenow.現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)被用來做許多事情。(2)主語是人的時(shí)候：：sb.beusedtodosth某人習(xí)慣于某事的狀態(tài)Hewasusedtothecoldweatherafterhelivedtherefortwoyears．在那里住兩年后，他已習(xí)慣了寒冷的天氣。Heisusedtohardwork．他習(xí)慣于艱苦工作。還可是：sb.getusedtodosth某人變得習(xí)慣某種狀態(tài)：Ithinkitisabitdifficultforyoutogetusedtothehumidweatherhere．我想，讓你習(xí)慣于這里潮濕而炎熱的天氣有點(diǎn)困難。3.beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事Heisusedtogettinguplate.他習(xí)慣早上起得很晚。Sheisn’tusedtolivinginthecountrysidenow.她不習(xí)慣在鄉(xiāng)下生活拓展：get/becomeusedtodoing變得習(xí)慣做某事。Ihavegotusedtohavinganappleeverymorning.我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣每天早上吃一個(gè)蘋果了。You'llsoongetusedtolivinginthecountry．很快你就會(huì)習(xí)慣于住在鄉(xiāng)下了。四.remind的用法：remindsbofsth使某人想起某事Itremindsmeofmybestfriend.它讓我想到了我最好的朋友。remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事Pleaseremindmetofinishmywork.請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐彝瓿晒ぷ?。五。幾個(gè)相像的單詞：expect期望，指望，預(yù)料，期待，認(rèn)為expertn.專家adj.熟練的，老練的，內(nèi)行的。explain解釋，說明complain抱怨expressionn.表達(dá)Selfcheck一.易混辨析：between與among課文原句：ThisholidayisalwaysonaSundaybetweenMarch22ndandApril25th.這個(gè)節(jié)日總是在3月22日至4月25日之間的一個(gè)周日。Between介詞，（表示位置）在···中間；介于···之間；（表示時(shí)間）在···之間，在···中間。I’musuallyfreebetweenTuesdayandFriday.①among指三者或三者以上之間，其賓語通常是一個(gè)表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)量或具有復(fù)數(shù)（或集合）意義的名詞或代詞。Theyhidthemselvesamongthetrees.②betweeen主要指兩者之間，其賓語往往是表示兩者的名詞或代詞，或者是有and連接的兩個(gè)人或物herewasafightbetweenthetwoboys.=3\*GB3③among還看了用來表示一個(gè)比較的范圍，常與最高級(jí)連用。Sheisthetallestamongtheclassmates.二.Notonly???butalso???課文原句：Notonlydopeoplespreadthemaroundindifferenthidingplacesforanegghunt,buttheyalsogiveoutthesetreatsasgifts.人們不禁會(huì)把雞蛋分散地藏在不同的地方來玩尋蛋游戲，而且還會(huì)把它們作為禮物分發(fā)出去。1.Notonly···butalso···是一個(gè)并列連詞，在句中連接兩個(gè)并列對(duì)等的成分。Shenotonlyplayswell,butalsowritesmusic.Wegotherenotonlyinwinter,butalsoinsummer.在使用notonly...butalso...時(shí)還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：①當(dāng)notonly...butalso...連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)原則上與其臨近的主語保持一致。Notonlyyoubutalsoheisw