新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson+39+What+every+writer+wants+講義

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson39WhateverywriterwantsIhaveknownveryfewwriters,butthoseIhaveknown,andwhomIrespected,confessatoncethattheyhavelittleideawheretheyarcgoingwhentheyfirstsetpentopaper.Theyhaveacharacter,perhapstwo,theyareinthatconditionofeagerdiscomfort1whichpassesforinspiration,alladmitradical2changesofdestinationoncethejourneyhasbegun;one,tomycertainknowledge,spentninemonthsonanovelaboutKashmir,thenreset3thewholethingintheScottishHighlands.Ineverheardofanyonemakinga'skeleton',asweweretaughtatschool.Inthebreakingandremaking,inthetiming4,interweaving,beginningafresh,thewritercomestodiscernthingsinhismaterialwhichwerenotconseriouslyinhismindwhenhebegan.Thisorganicprocess,oftenleadingtomomentsofextraordinaryself-discovery,isofanindescribablefascination5.Ablurred6imageappears,headdsabrushstrokeandanother,anditisgone;butsomethingwasthere,andhewillnotresttillhehascapturedit.Sometimestheyeast7withinawriteroutlivesabookhehaswritten.Ihaveheardofwriterswhoreadnothingbuttheirownbooks,likeadolescentstheystandbeforethemirror,andstillcannotfathom8theexactoutlineofthevisionbeforethem.Forthesamereason,writerstalkinterminablyabouttheirownbooks,winklingouthiddenmeanings,super-imposingnewones,beggingresponsefromthosearoundthem.Ofcourseawriterdoingthisismisunderstood:hemightaswelltrytoexplainacrimeoraloveaffair.Heisalso,incidentally,anunforgivablebore.Thistemptationtocoverthedistancebetweenhimselfandthereader,tostudyhisimageinthesightofthosewhodonotknowhim,canbehisundoing9:hehasbeguntowritetoplease.AyoungEnglishwritermadethepertinent10observationayearortwobackthatthetalentgoesintothefirstdraft,andtheartintothedraftsthatfollow.Forthisreasonalsothewriter,likeanyotherartist,hasnorestingplace,nocrowdormovementinwhichhemaytakecomfort,nojudgment11fromoutsidewhichcanreplacethejudgmentfromwithin.Awritermakesorderoutoftheanarchy12ofhisheart;hesubmitshimselftoamoreruthlessdisciplinethananycriticdreamedof,andwhenheflirts13withfame,heistakingtimeofffromlivingwithhimself,fromthesearchforwhathisworldcontainsatitsinmostpoint.

參考譯文牋?我的認(rèn)識(shí)的作家寥寥無(wú)幾，然而凡是我所認(rèn)識(shí)和尊敬的作家，都立即承認(rèn)在他們動(dòng)筆時(shí)，不清楚要寫(xiě)什么，怎么寫(xiě)。他們心中只在一個(gè)或兩個(gè)角色。他們處于急切不安的狀態(tài)，而被當(dāng)作是靈感。他們無(wú)不承認(rèn)，一旦“旅程”開(kāi)始，“目的地”常有急劇的變化。據(jù)我所知，有位作家花了9個(gè)月的時(shí)間寫(xiě)了一部關(guān)克什米爾的小說(shuō)，后來(lái)卻把整個(gè)故事背景換成了蘇格蘭高地。我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)任何一位作家像我們?cè)趯W(xué)校那樣，動(dòng)筆前先列什么提綱。作家在剪裁修改、構(gòu)思時(shí)間、穿插情節(jié)、以至從頭重寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，會(huì)領(lǐng)悟到素材中很多東西是他剛動(dòng)筆時(shí)所未意識(shí)到的。這種有機(jī)的加工過(guò)程往往達(dá)到不尋常自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的境界，具有難以言表的構(gòu)思魅力。一個(gè)朦朧的形象出現(xiàn)在作家的腦海里，他左添一筆，右添一筆，形象反而消逝了；可是，好像還有什么東西存在著，不把它捕捉到，作家是不會(huì)罷休的。有時(shí)，一個(gè)作家一本書(shū)寫(xiě)完了，但興奮仍不消散。我聽(tīng)說(shuō)一些作家，除了自己的書(shū)外，別的書(shū)一概不讀，猶如希臘神話(huà)中那位漂亮的少年，站在鏡前，不能辨認(rèn)自身的真面目。由于這個(gè)原因，作家喋喋不休地談?wù)撟约旱臅?shū)，挖掘其隱晦的含義，詢(xún)問(wèn)周?chē)说姆磻?yīng)。作家如此行事當(dāng)然被人誤解。他還不如給人講一個(gè)犯罪案件或一個(gè)戀愛(ài)故事。順便說(shuō)一句，他也是個(gè)不可饒恕的令人厭煩的人。牋?這種企圖消除自己和讀者之間距離的作法，企圖用不了解自己的人的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)研究自己塑造的形象的作法，會(huì)導(dǎo)致作家的毀滅，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)開(kāi)始為取悅他人而寫(xiě)作了。牋?一兩年前，一位年輕的英國(guó)作家發(fā)表了中肯的看法。他說(shuō)，初稿是才華，以后各稿是藝術(shù)。也是由于這個(gè)原因，作家同任何藝術(shù)家一樣，找不到可休息的場(chǎng)所，找不到伙伴和活動(dòng)使自己得到安逸。任何局外人的判斷也比不上他內(nèi)心的正確判斷。一旦作家從內(nèi)心的紊亂中理出頭緒，就應(yīng)該按任何評(píng)論家想像不到的無(wú)情規(guī)范約束自己寫(xiě)作；當(dāng)他沽名釣譽(yù)時(shí)，他就脫離了自我生活，脫離了對(duì)自己靈魂最深處世界的探索。新概念英語(yǔ)正版圖書(shū)購(gòu)買(mǎi)點(diǎn)擊收聽(tīng)單詞發(fā)音

1discomfort

n.不舒服，不安，難過(guò)，困難，不方便參考例句：Onehastobearalittlediscomfortwhiletravelling.旅行中總要忍受一點(diǎn)不便。Sheturnedredwithdiscomfortwhentheteacherspoke.老師講話(huà)時(shí)她不好意思地紅著臉。2radical

n.激進(jìn)份子，原子團(tuán)，根號(hào)；adj.根本的，激進(jìn)的，徹底的參考例句：Thepatientgotaradicalcureinthehospital.病人在醫(yī)院得到了根治。Sheisradicalinherdemands.她的要求十分偏激。3reset

v.重新安排，復(fù)位；n.重新放置；重放之物參考例句：Assoonasyouarriveatyourdestination,stepoutoftheaircraftandresetyourwristwatch.你一到達(dá)目的地，就走出飛機(jī)并重新設(shè)置手表時(shí)間。Heisrecoveringfromanoperationtoresethisarm.他做了一個(gè)手臂復(fù)位手術(shù)，正在恢復(fù)。4timing

n.時(shí)間安排，時(shí)間選擇參考例句：Thetimingofthemeetingisnotconvenient.會(huì)議的時(shí)間安排不合適。Thetimingofourstatementisveryopportune.我們發(fā)表聲明選擇的時(shí)機(jī)很恰當(dāng)。5fascination

n.令人著迷的事物，魅力，迷戀參考例句：Hehadadeepfascinationwithallformsoftransport.他對(duì)所有的運(yùn)輸工具都很著迷。Hislettershavebeenasourceoffascinationtoawideaudience.廣大觀眾一直迷戀于他的來(lái)信。6blurred

v.（使）變模糊(blur的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞)；（使）難以區(qū)分；模模糊糊；迷離參考例句：Shesufferedfromdizzinessandblurredvision.她飽受頭暈?zāi)垦Ｖ?。Theirlazy,blurredvoicesfellpleasantlyonhisears.他們那種慢吞吞、含糊不清的聲音在他聽(tīng)起來(lái)卻很悅耳。來(lái)自《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》7yeast

n.酵母；酵母片；泡沫；v.發(fā)酵；起泡沫參考例句：Yeastcanbeusedinmakingbeerandbread.酵母可用于釀啤酒和發(fā)面包。Theyeastbegantowork.酵母開(kāi)始發(fā)酵。8fathom

v.領(lǐng)悟，徹底了解參考例句：Ireallycouldn'tfathomwhathewastalkingabout.我真搞不懂他在說(shuō)些什么。Whatthesepeoplehopedtoachieveishardtofathom.這些人希望實(shí)現(xiàn)些什么目標(biāo)難以揣測(cè)。9undoing

n.毀滅的原因，禍根；破壞，毀滅參考例句：Thatonemistakewashisundoing.他一失足即成千古恨。Thishardattitudemayhaveledtohisundoing.可能就是這種強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度導(dǎo)致了他的垮臺(tái)。10pertinent

adj.恰當(dāng)?shù)?；貼切的；中肯的；有關(guān)的；相干的參考例句：Theexpertmadesomepertinentcommentsonthescheme.那專(zhuān)家對(duì)規(guī)劃提出了一些中肯的意見(jiàn)。Theseshouldguidehimtopertinentquestionsforfurtherstudy.這些將有助于他進(jìn)一步研究有關(guān)問(wèn)題。11judgment

n.審判；判斷力，識(shí)別力，看法，意見(jiàn)參考例句：Thechairmanflattershimselfonhisjudgmentofpeople.主席自認(rèn)為他審視人比別人高明。He'samanofexcellentjudgment.他眼力過(guò)人。12anarchy

n.無(wú)政府狀態(tài)；社會(huì)秩序混亂，無(wú)秩序參考例句：Therewouldbeanarchyifwe