初中英語定語從句

定語從句1.基本知識(shí)精講在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞（分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）。定語從句一般放在先行詞之后。如：Thisistheengineerwhowillgiveusatalkonscience.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句Theman

who/thatIsawattheschoolgateyesterday

ismyEnglishteacher.先行詞

定

語

從

句昨天我在校門口看見的那個(gè)人是我的英語老師。二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。①

Iamwaitingfor

theboy

who/that

iswearingaredcoat.

（關(guān)系代詞作主語）

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個(gè)男孩。②

Thedictionary

that/which

mysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞

（關(guān)系代詞作賓語）我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。③

Thewoman

whose

nameisLindaBrownishismother.

（關(guān)系代詞作定語）

先行詞

關(guān)系代詞那個(gè)是他的母親，名叫琳達(dá)?布朗。④

Thatis

thehouse

where

myfatherusedtolive.

（關(guān)系代詞作狀語）

先行詞

關(guān)系副詞那是我父親曾經(jīng)居住過的房子。一、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句英語中的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that和as。它們的用法如下：1.who，whom的用法who和whom指人，在從句中分別作主語、賓語。作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)常被省掉。在口語中可用who代替whom。①ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。(作主語)

②Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?

正在與李明談話的老師是誰?

(作賓語)Theyoungworkerwhoinventedthistoolisherbrother.Thisistheboy(whom)Ihelped.2.which的用法which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語是在非正式語體中可以省略。如：①Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

②Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)Thefactorywhichproducesthesecarsisverylarge.Thisisthebook(which)youwant.3.whose的用法whose指人或物，在從句中作定語，不可省略。Whose有時(shí)可用ofwhich替換。如：Doyouliveintheroomwhosewindowopenstothewest?Thisisthestudentwhosepronunciationisthebestinourclass.4.that的用法that既可指人，也可指物，在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，在非正式語體中常省略。如：

①M(fèi)arylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.

瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

②Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。

(that作賓語)Therewereoncesixblindmenthat/wholivedinavillageinIndia.Wheatisaplantthat/whichisgrowninthenorthofChina.Theletter(that)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.[注意]只能用關(guān)系代詞that的場合that既可以指人也可以指物，但在下列場合，要用that，而不用which或who。1.先行詞是不定代詞all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few，any等時(shí)，只能用that。如：That’sallthatIwanttosay.Everythingthattheparentsdoisforthegoodoftheirchildren.2.先行詞被all，any，no，theonly，thevery（恰好），little，few等詞修飾時(shí)。如：ThankyouforgivingmetheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthemeeting.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.3.指物的先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.4.先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。如：Theherohassavedthehorseanditsriderthatfellintotheriver.Hetalkedabouttheschoolandtheteachersthathehadvisited.5.當(dāng)先行詞為theway，thetime，theperiod等時(shí)，但that通常被省略。如：Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallhelpyou.6.在which或who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中，為避免重復(fù)用that引導(dǎo)取代which或who。用which不用that的情況1.在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.2.先行詞指物，且介詞后Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)Idon’tthatwhichhedid.小結(jié)：that—既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。which—指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。who—指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語（常用whom），可以省略。注：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞定。注意——(1)

當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who,that,which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

①Thisisthehouse

inwhich

welivedlastyear.

這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印＂赑leasetellme

fromwhom

youborrowedtheEnglishnovel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。(2)

含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

Thisisthepersonwhomyouare

lookingfor.

這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

(3)

that

作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：

Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.

她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句英語中的關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why等。在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語，一般不可省略。1.when的用法when指時(shí)間、修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于at/in/onwhich。如：HowcanIforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)IjoinedtheYouthLeague?Ithoughtofthedayswhen(=inwhich)westudiedtogether.Hecameatatimewhenthestudentsneededhim.Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。2.where的用法where指地點(diǎn)，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于in/on/atwhich。如：Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)mygrandfatheronceworked.Thatistheplacewhere(=inwhich)welivedtwoyearsago.

Thisistheplacewhereheworks.

這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。3.why的用法why指原因，修飾名詞reason，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于forwhich。如：Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)yougetsoangrywithme.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?[注意]表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞后關(guān)系詞的選用當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)用when/where，有時(shí)用that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句。這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的而定。如果是及物動(dòng)詞就用that/which（作從句的主語或賓語）；如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，就用when/where（作從句的狀語。）試比較：Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethat/whichhevisitedlastyear.IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.Ihaveneverforgottenthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.（一）用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句。1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.(who)

2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.(who)

3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.(where)

4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.(who)

5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.(where)

6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.(which)

7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.(who)

8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.(which)

9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.(which)

10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.(who)（二）用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.

3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.

5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.

7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.

9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.一、單項(xiàng)填空

1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

3.Theforeigner(外國人)_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom

4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyonce(曾經(jīng))lived.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

13.Thisisthehouse______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

16.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that

17.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_______,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which

18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.

A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom

19.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where

20.Thefamousscientistgrewup________hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.

A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever

21.Astorygoes__ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

22.TheParkersboughtanew