專題08 主旨大意題（閱讀理解題型通關(guān)）（原卷版）

專題08主旨大意題通關(guān)練主旨大意題解題策略名校優(yōu)選專項(xiàng)通關(guān)練【解題策略】主旨大意題是要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評價(jià)。解答此類題型時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如關(guān)于title和mainidea類題都需要在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文化背景知識、語言知識、生活常識等進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)文中隱含的信息。從命題形式看：常見的有標(biāo)題類和主旨大意類。標(biāo)題類解題策略特點(diǎn)：醒目性：充分引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。概括性：準(zhǔn)確而又簡短。針對性：標(biāo)題外延與文章內(nèi)容剛好相符。方法：1.中心句法：利用主題中心句中的主題詞作標(biāo)題。2.整合法：將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點(diǎn)、意義或影響整合后作標(biāo)題。文章大意類解題策略特點(diǎn)：不同體裁文章主題句的常見位置不同，其作用各不相同。位置：首段（新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文）。起到開宗明義，點(diǎn)明主題，使讀者一開始就明白文章的內(nèi)容及主旨。末段（記敘文、議論文）。起到照應(yīng)開頭、總結(jié)全文、升華主題的作用。在最后對全文進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié)，進(jìn)一步明確文章的中心思想，使作者的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)得更清楚。各段：各段主題句整合即文章大意。借助各個(gè)段落的主題句，然后對其進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而概括出文章的主題或中心思想。。高頻詞：當(dāng)文章或段落中沒有明確的主題句時(shí)，可以從段落中尋找反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的高頻詞，即中心詞，也能提煉出文章的主旨大意。線索：記敘文類文章都有一個(gè)主線，如，一個(gè)有趣的人或一件難忘的事等。全文圍繞該主線組織材料。分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，把握文章的主線，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，即可歸納出文章的主旨大意。正確選項(xiàng)特征：覆蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。范圍不大也不小。精確性強(qiáng)，不改變語言的色彩和表達(dá)的程度。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征：過于籠統(tǒng)，范圍過大。以偏概全，主次不分。偷換概念，張冠李戴。無中生有，主觀臆斷?！久?yōu)選專項(xiàng)通關(guān)練】（2024·浙江杭州·學(xué)軍中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisspread,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizen’spatternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,televisionreducedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizen’sfocusoncharacterratherthanissues.Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.Themessagesonwhichmostofusrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewere.Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeechgivenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting1to2hours,whichwaspopularinthenineteenth-century,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandthe10second“soundbite”inbroadcastnews.Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepoliticianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeashortvideoofthespeechonthenews.Inthesesimplifiedforms,muchofwhatcomprisedthetraditionalpoliticalspeechofearlierageshasbeenlost.In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistoricalcontextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,andcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferabletoothers.Inshortvideos,politiciansassert(斷言)butdonotargue.Becausetelevisionisanintimate(親密的)medium,speakingthroughitrequiresachangedpoliticalstylethatismoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceontelevisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schoolsteachustoanalyzewordsandprint.However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills.Recognizingthepoweroftelevision’spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,stagedeventsdesignedtoattractmediacoverage.Muchofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpublicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Television:anAgentofChangeinPolitics B．Television:aPlatformforPoliticalDebateC．Television:anAlternativetoStumpSpeech D．Television:aNewMediumforCommunication2.（2024·浙江嘉興·海寧市高級中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測）July2023wastheworld’swarmestmonthonrecord,accordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization.UNSecretary—GeneralAntonioGuterressaidinaspeechthattheplanetisenteringan“eraofglobalboiling”.Howtocooltheplanethaslongbeenatroublingquestionforscientists.Theyarenowturningtosun-blockingtechnology,whichreferstoreflectingsunlightbackintospaceinordertokeepdownthetemperatureoftheplanet’sclimate.AccordingtoEuronews,aEuropeantelevisionnewsnetwork,oneideainvolvespumpingsun-blockingparticles(粒子)intotheupperatmosphere.Theparticleswillthenstayintheairandredirectsunshinebackupwards.ItislikeapplyingsunscreenontheoutsideofEarth.ResearchersatYaleUniversity,US,outlinedaplantouse125high-flyingplanestospreadtheparticlesatlatitudes(緯度)of60degreesnorthandsouth.Theparticleswillthentraveltowardthepoles,whichcouldpossiblycoolthetemperaturethereby2℃.Anotherverypromisingtechniqueiscalled“cloudbrightening”,accordingtoChrisSacca,aUSclimateexpert.Thismethodinvolvessendingseasaltparticlesintocloudsabovethesea,makingthemwhiterandthustheyreflectmoresunlightbackintospace.InJune,theUSgovernmentannouncedinareportthatitwasofferingsupportforsolarengineeringresearchasawaytoslowtheriseofglobaltemperatures.Accordingtothereport,theUSgovernmentbelievesthatthetechnology“offersthepossibilityofcoolingtheplanetsignificantlyinafewyears”.However,followingthereport,anopenletterbymorethan60scientistscalledforcautionandmoreresearchfirst.KristenRasmussen,aclimatescientistatColoradoStateUniversity,US,hasbeenstudyinghowthesesun-blockingmethodswillaffectrainfallpatterns.Shesaidthatapartfromrainfall,ecosystemsandevenhumancommunitieswouldalsobeaffected.“Weneedtobeverycautiousonthis,”RasmussentoldScientificAmerican.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．CoolingOurPlanet B．EraofGlobalBoilingC．PumpingBlockingParticles D．TheTechniqueofCloudBrightening3.（2023·江蘇無錫·高三無錫市第一中學(xué)校考）“Twelveyearsago,Iwasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo(跆拳道)whenadiseasewentundiagnosedandwipedoutmymuscularsystem.Ifinallyendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorganfailure.”Kaufmanrecalled,“IwentfromlivingthisbiglifetonotknowinghowIwasgoingtosurvive.Fortunately,onmybirthdayin2009,Ireceivedanewheartandwasgivenasecondchanceatlife!”AftervolunteeringinLosAngeleshospitals,Kaufmanstartedthenon-profit,Ava’sHeart.Sheandherorganizationofferedtransplantpatientsservicesthatwereoftennotcoveredbyinsurance,includingfood,gas,co-paysonmedicines,andhousing.“WhatIfoundoutwasthatifyoudidn’thavepost-transplant-housing,youcouldn’tgetlistedandadmittedintothehospital,”Kaufmansaid.Sheleanedthatforthenearly110,000peopleintheUSwaitingforalifesavingorgantransplant,itwasnotjustamatterofaddingyournametothelist.Patientsmustbefinanciallysecureandbeabletoaffordtransportation.What’smore,theymustfindaccommodationsneartheirtransplanthospital:Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocations,whichallowsthepatientstoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalduringtheperiodoftheiraftercare,typicallyaboutthreemonthsatnocost.Herorganizationalsohelpsdonorfamilies,whichshethinksmakesthewholecirclecomplete.“Oneorgandonorcansaveeightlivesandthenthere’stissueandskinandeyesandbloodvessels(血管)andsomanyotherthings,”Kaufmansaid.“Thedonoristhewholestory.Withoutthedonor,therearenotransplantcenters,notransplantsurgeons,nome.Inmyeyes,thedonorsaretheheroes.”Todate,Ava’sHearthashelpednearly90familieswithburialcostsfortheirlovedoneswhoseorganshavesavedcountlesslives.Kaufmanalsoworkscloselywiththosewhoreceivedonationstobuildrelationshipswithdonorfamiliesandspreadawarenessabouttheimportanceoforgandonation.Whatmessagedoesthetextmainlyconvey?A．It’sbettertogivethantoreceive.B．Theblessedbeartheheartofgiving.C．Healthmattersmuchmorethanwealth.D．Volunteeringmakestheworldabetterplace.4.（2024·江蘇徐州·高三徐州市第七中學(xué)階段練習(xí)）Intheanimalkingdom,mimics(模仿)arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillarsresemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees’andbats’buzzingwere,indeed,similar.Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesforthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,afterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswereunequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.16．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AnimalMimicry:BuzzoffB．Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwlsC．ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimalsD．ANewTricktoScareAwayOwls5.（2024上·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高三揚(yáng)州中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Hibernation.....Butspeciesdon’tstayintheircold,sleepingstateforthedurationoftheirdormantperiod.About80percentoftheirenergyisspentintermittently(間歇地)wakingandwarmingup.Whytheydothisis“oneofthegreatestmysteries”ofthefield,saysThomasRuf,aprofessorofanimalphysiologyattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna.Somethinktheyneedtoturnbackontheirimmunesystemstofightdisease,whileothersthinktheymaysimplyawakensotheycansleep.Onebirdandavarietyofamphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物),reptilesandinsectsalsoexhibithibernation-likestates.Thereisevenatleastonefish—theAntarcticcod—thatslowsdownitsmetabolisminwinter,becoming

20timeslessactive.And,ofcourse,therearelotsofmammals.Whilebearsmightbethefirstthatcometomind,mostmammalianhibernatorsareonthesmallerside.“Theaveragehibernatorweighsonly70grams,”saysRuf.That’sbecauselittlebodieshavehighsurfaceareatovolumeratios,makingitmoretaxingfor

themtostaywarmincoldweather—sotheyneedtheseasonalenergysavingsmorethanlargeranimals.Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses______.A．whencertainanimalshibernate B．whatkindsofanimalshibernateC．whysomeanimalshibernate D．howanimalshibernate6.（2024上·湖南長沙·高三長郡中學(xué)校考期末）Wanttoknowwhatiscomingsoontoacinemanearyou?Probablynota1.5-hour-longmovie,asintheolddays.OnOctober20thcomesKillersoftheFlowerMoon.Atnearlythreeandahalfhours,itslengthisnearlydoublethatoftheaveragefilmlastyear.Evenmoviefansstruggletoconcentrateforthatlongandsomeviewersevennodoff.Afterwardsthereisamaddashforthetoilets.Whendoeswatchingafilmbecomesuchaslog?TheEconomistanalyzedover100,000featurefilmsreleasedinternationallysincethe1930s,thestartofHollywood’sgoldenage,usingdatafromIMDb,amoviedatabase.Theaveragelengthofproductionsrosebyaround24%,fromonehourand21minutesinthe1930stoonehourand47minutesin2022.Forthetenmost-populartitles,theaveragelengthgrewtoaroundtwoandahalfhoursin2022,nearly50%higherthaninthe1930s.Onedriverofthistrendisthatstudioswanttosqueezethemostoutoftheircostlyintellectualproperty(知識產(chǎn)權(quán)),buttheyarecompetingwithstreamingplatformsforeyeballs.Thehopeisthataspectacular,drawn-out“event”moviewilldrawaudiencesawayfromthesmallscreenandintocinemas.Thisapproachhasoftenpaidoff:Avengers:EndgameMarvel’sthree-hoursuperheromasterpieces,wasthehighest-grossing(票房最高的)filmin2019.Lastyearlongmoviesseriesmadeupmostofthehighest-grossingfilmsinAmerica.Anotherexplanationforlongerfilmshastodowithdirectors’growinginfluence.WhowoulddaretellthelikesofMr.Nolantocutouthismasterpieces?Moreover,streamingplatforms,whichdonothavetoworryasmuchaboutthelengthbecauseviewerscanpausewhenevertheylike,mayattractbignamesbypromisingthemsufficientfundandcreativefreedom.Netflixfundedandreleasedthree-hourTheIrishmanin2019,afilmthatwouldhavebenefitedfromadecisiveeditor,Irishorotherwise.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A．MovieEnthusiasts B．MovieMarathonsC．MovieProduction D．MovieInfluence7.（2023·湖南·高三湖南師大附中?？迹〣enFrancisdidn’tbecomewealthythroughafamilyinheritance(遺產(chǎn)).Instead,theCEOandco-founderofGymsharkusedhisearningsasaPizzaHutdeliveryguytobuyasewingmachineandstarthisfitnessapparelcompanyat19.Elevenyearslater,hisadolescentstrategyliterallypaidoff.Francis,30,whohasareportednetworthof$1.3billion,joinedForbes’billionaireslist.He’sinrarecompany:Thelist’saverageageis65yearsold.Originally,Francisandco-founderLewisMorganlaunchedGymsharkasawebsitesellingfitnesssupplements.Butaftergettingfedupwithhisill-fittingclothes,Francissuggestedpivotingthecompany.FrancisandMorganboughtasewingmachine.ThepairbroughtGymsharktoabodybuildingexhibitionin2013.butdidn’thaveanymoneytospendonadvertising.Onawhim(一時(shí)興起),theydecidedtogivepopularfitnessYouTubersfreeproducts.“MyheroeswereonYouTube.“Francissaid.“SoitwouldbesocoolifmyheroescouldcometobewithGymsharkatthisevent.Ididn’treallythinkthatmuchaboutit.“Someofthoseinfluencerswentontoweartheapparelontheirchannels,launchingGymshark’sIsalesto$1,000perday,upfromjust$450.FranosquittheCEOrolein2017.“CEOwasnottherightroleformewhenIwasinmyearly20.“Francissaid.“ThatI’dstartedabusinessthathadgrownveryquicklydidn’tmeanIwasthemostcompetentchiefexecutive.“HespentthenextfouryearssupportingleadershiproleswithinGymshark—includingchiefproductofficerandchiefmarketingofficer—tolearnmoreabouttheinsandoutsofthebusiness.before,returningasCEOin2021.Thatyear,thecompanywasvaluedat1.45billion.Still,thecompany’sbillion-dollarvaluationisasmallpercentageofthemarketvalueofcompetitorslikeNikeandLululemon.“IreallythinkGymsharkcanbetheU.K.’sanswertothosebrands,”Francissaid.“Butthat’snotsayingthattheU.K.iswhereitstartsandendsforus.Wealsowanttobeatrulyglobalbrand.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Gymshark:FromawebsitetoabigcompanyB．Francis:FromaPizzaHutdeliveryguytoabillionaireC．Francis:StartingtheU.K.’sfastest-growingcompanyD．Gymshark:Takingtheleadinfitnessclothing8.（2024上·湖南衡陽·高三衡陽市八中?？计谀〢newstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,”saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.“Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfreshevidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.”Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust(柴油廢氣)andfilteredairatdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitiveperformanceandsymptomsofdepression,soit’sconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesamenetworks,”saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy’sfirstauthor.“Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it’spossiblethattheymayimpair(損害)people’sthinkingorabilitytowork.”Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants’connectivityreturnedtonormalaftertheexposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuinedB．TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunctionC．AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudyD．ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople’sAttention9.（2023·湖北荊州·高三湖北省松滋市第一中學(xué)校考）Mosthealthexpertswouldagreethateatingmeat—especiallyredmeat—inlargequantitiesisn’tgoodforus,ortheplanet.Studiespointtoanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandcancercorrelatingtoourmeat-heavydiets.Meanwhile,manufacturersarebusyproducingincreasinglytastyandmoremeat-likeproductsthatmatchtherealthings—makingtheswitchfromeatinganimalsseemlikeano-brainer.Butarethesefakemeatproductsanyhealthierforus?JinanBanna,adietitianandnutritionprofessorattheUniversityofHawaiisaysthatsomefakemeatproductscanbeconsidered“ultra-processed”foods.“Thatmeanstheygothroughmultipleprocessesandhavealotofaddedingredients(配料),”shesaid.“Analternativeburger,forexample,mighthavequiteabitofsodium(鈉),aswellasadditives.”Someoftheseadditivesareonthemarketforawhilebeforethescientificcommunitydeterminesthemtobeharmful,Bannaadded.“Anytimeyouseealonglistofingredients,including‘naturalflavors’,takeitasawarningsign.Inotherwords,eschewproductswithlengthyingredientlists,”saidSofiaPopov,amicrobiomescientistinCopenhagen.“Whoknowswhat’sactuallyinit?”Perhapsconvenienceisthebestargumentforbuyinganalternativemeatproductyoucansimplycookstraightoutofthebox,butsomehealthexpertssuggestotherplant-basedhealthfuloptionscanbesimple,too.Forexample,onabusyday,Bannasaidshewasabletothrowtogetheratempeh(atraditionalsoyaproduct)dishwhichsheputinalittleoil,vinegarandotherseasonings.“Wedefinitelyobtainnutrientsfromanimal-basedfood—ironandzincandothermineralsaswell.Butitalsocontainsfatandcholesterol,soit’sgoodtocontrolourintake,”saidBanna.“Vegetariansubstitutescanbeverytastysoweshouldn’tshyawayfromthem.”Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyIsPlant-basedMeatDying? B．AreFakeMeatProductsGoodForYou?C．FakeMeat:Food’sFutureOrAFashion? D．WhatHappenedToThePlant-basedMeat?10.（2023·湖北荊州·高三沙市中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）......AresearchteamledbyprofessorPhilipWaltherfromtheUniversityofViennahasshownhowthequantumpropertiesoflightcanensuresecurityfordigitalpayments.Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthateachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol(協(xié)議)usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.Duringthecourseofaclassicaldigitalpaymenttrade,theclientsharesaclassicalcodecalledcryptogramwithhispaymentprovider.Thiscryptogramisthenpassedonbetweenthecustomer,businessmen,andpaymentprovider.Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgeneratedbyhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.......WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Howquantum-digitalpaymentworks. B．Howdigitalpaymentprovessafer.C．Whysinglephotonsarenecessary. D．Whatisimportantforonlinetrade.11.（2023·黑龍江高三哈爾濱市第一中學(xué)校?？迹?.....TheeffortsofRandallandhisstudentshaveearnedGrandvilleHighSchooltheMichiganGreenSchoolcertificationfromthestate.Inadditiontotheirworkreducingwasteinthecafeteria,theGHSGreenTeamhasalsobuiltagardenwithflowersandvegetablesoncampus,andleadscleanupsonsiteandoutinthecommunity.Overtheyears,Randallandhisstudentshavealsobeenworkingonraisingmoneytoinstallsolarpanels(太陽能板)ontheroofofthehighschool.......What'sthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theclassificationoftheprojects.B．Thecharacteristicsoftheclub.C．Theactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.D．Thefutureoftheclub.12.（2024上·吉林長春·高三東北師大附中期末）MaryDickinshadbeenamemberoftheaudienceatpoetrynightsbeforeandknew“thepoetryclap”.Shemadeapolitetappingoffingers.Butwhenshemadeherdebut(首次演出)asaperformerattheageof62atthelegendaryBangSaidtheGunnightinsouthLondon,shesaid,“Itwassowild—likenothingIhadeverseenbefore.”Theaudiencestampedtheirfeetandshookshakers.“Itfelttransformative.Ithought,‘I’vegottohavemoreofthis,’”Dickinssaid.Becomingaperformancepoethasgivenheraplaceonastageofherownmaking.Allherlifeshehaswritten,mostlywithoutbeingseenorheard.Hermotherdiedwhenshewasnine,and,aftershewentintoacarehomeat13,Dickins’writingstayedinnotebooks.Really,shesays,alotofheradultlifehasbeenaboutgettingoverchildhoodshyness.Atuniversity—shestudiededucation—shemetherhusbandof40years,butinthreeyearsofseminarsshedidnotsayaword.Someofthisresultsfromheryearsatthechildren’shome.Shesays,“Itgavemeasenseofwhatit’sliketobeexcluded.Ineverfittedinanywhere.”Aftershegraduated,shediscoveredthatshelovedworkingwithpeoplewithlearningdisabilities.Shebecameanexpertininclusiveeducation.“Thatwasmyniche(稱心的職業(yè)),”shesays.ShepublishedbooksandreturnedtotheUniversityofNorthLondonasaseniorlecturerinearlychildhoodstudies.Dickinsnowseesthatinadulthoodshehasbeengivingherselfpermissiontobesilly.“ThesillierIallowmyselftobe,thebetterthewritingis,”shesays.Herobservationsarehumorous.“Puttingthingsintowordsandgivingshapetoyouremotionsisanimportantpartofcomingtotermswiththethingsthathappeninlife,”shesays.Doesshestillfeellikeanoutsider?“IthinkI’vemadeitintoavirtue.IcelebratethefactthatIdon’tfitintoabox.Finally!Youhavetowaittillyou’re62tofeelconfident!”shesays.“ButIhaveasenseofwhoIamandI'mproudofit.Iwouldn’tbeanyoneelsenow—andittookmealongtimetosaythat.”Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MaryDickins’NewStartafter60 B．MaryDickins’FirstPerformanceC．MaryDickins’TroubledWritingCareer D．MaryDickins’ImpactonPerformancePoets13.（2023·遼寧·東北育才學(xué)校?？既＃〢nimalappeartopredictearthquakesbysensingelectricityintheair—thefirststudytofindreliableevidenceofthephenomenonhasshown.Camerasrevealedan“amazing”dropinthenumberofanimalsupto23daysbeforeamajorquakehittheirrainforesthomeatYanachagaNationalParkinPeru.LeadscientistDrRachelGrant,fromAngliaRuskinUniversity,said,“Theresultsshowedthatjustbeforetheearthquake,animals’activitydroppedrightdown.”O(jiān)nanormaldaythecamerasplacedaroundYanachagaNationalParkrecordbetween5and15animals.Butinthe23daysbeforetheearthquake,thenumberofanimalsdroppedtofiveorfewerperday.Noanimalswerephotographedatallonfiveofthesevendaysimmediatelybeforethequake.Anotherstudyshowedthatanimalactivityremainedn