任務(wù)精讀：監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)（雙語）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)TunnelConstructionTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementTechnology

監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)目錄MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyTableofContents監(jiān)控量測的目的和項目1PurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監(jiān)控量測方法2MonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋3AnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData課程小結(jié)4Summary

監(jiān)控量測的目的和項目PurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement01掌握圍巖再施工中的動態(tài)，控制圍巖的變形。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的目的和項目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement

Inordertoensureconstructionsafety,weshouldobservethegeologyandsupportconditions,measurethecrownsettlement,peripheraldisplacementandsurfacesubsidence.

為保證施工安全，我們需要對地質(zhì)和支護狀態(tài)進(jìn)行觀察、拱頂下沉、周邊位移、地表下沉進(jìn)行量測。監(jiān)控量測的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementGraspthedynamicconditionsofsurroundingrocksinconstructionandcontrolthedeformationofsurroundingrocks.了解支護結(jié)構(gòu)的效果，及時采取措施，以保證安全施工。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的目的和項目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監(jiān)控量測的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementUnderstandtheeffectofthesupportstructureandtaketimelymeasurestoensuresafeconstruction.修正設(shè)計，指導(dǎo)施工，保證隧道既安全又經(jīng)濟。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的目的和項目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監(jiān)控量測的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementRevisethedesign,guidetheconstruction,andensurethesafetyandeconomyofthetunnel.02

監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementMethods監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地質(zhì)和支護狀態(tài)觀察Thegeologicalandsupportconditionobservation圍巖有代表性測試斷面的位置、形狀、尺寸。Thelocation,shapeanddimensionoftherepresentativetestsectionofsurroundingrock.巖石名稱、結(jié)構(gòu)、顏色。

Thename,structureandcoloroftherock.節(jié)理和圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)面情況。Conditionsofjointsandsurroundingrockstructuralplanes.軟硬程度及破碎程度情況。ConditionsofHardnessandcrushingdegree.巖脈穿插情況。Conditionofdykeinterspersion;巖體的風(fēng)化程度、特點、抗風(fēng)化能力。Weatheringdegree,characteristicsandweatheringresistanceofrockmass.地下水的類型、出露位置、水量大小。Type,exposurelocationandvolumeofgroundwater.溶洞等特殊地質(zhì)條件描述。Descriptionofspecialgeologicalconditionssuchaskarstcaves.噴層開裂起鼓、剝落情況描述。Thedescriptionofcracking,bulgingandpeeling-offoftheshotcretelayer.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods拱頂下沉與周邊位移量測Measurementofcrownsettlementandperipheraldisplacement收斂量測Convergencemeasurement拱頂下沉Crownsettlement周邊位移Peripheraldisplacement我們在拱頂下沉量測的測點，原則上應(yīng)設(shè)在拱頂中心，受其他因素制約，則可將測點設(shè)于拱頂中心之外。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods拱頂下沉量測

MeasurementoftheCrownSettlement

Ourmeasuringpointsforcrownsettlementmeasurement,shallbelocatedinthecenterofthecrowninprinciple.Restrictedbyotherfactors,themeasuringpointscanbesetoutsidethecenterofthecrown.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods周邊位移量量測

MeasurementofPeripheralDisplacement數(shù)顯收斂計Digitaldisplayconvergencegauge量測范圍0.5~30m范圍

精度為0.1mmMeasurementrangeTherangeof0.5~30mTheaccuracyof0.1mm監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods周邊位移量量測

MeasurementofPeripheralDisplacement

測線一般取點在拱頂中心、起拱線起點、邊墻腳位置。OnemeasuringlineTwomeasuringlinesThreemeasuringlinesFivemeasuringlinesSixmeasuringlinesSevenmeasuringline

Themeasuringlineisgenerallytakenatthecrowncenter,thestartingpointofthespringinglineandthefootofthesidewall.Thatis,thebetterthesurroundingrockis,thefewerthemeasuringlineswillbe;施工分部越多，測線越多。Themoreconstructiondivisions,themoremeasuringlines.圍巖越好，測線越少；開挖后盡快埋設(shè)測點，并測取初讀數(shù)，要求12h內(nèi)完成。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測的采納及事項需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Themeasuringpointsshallbeembeddedassoonaspossibleafterexcavation,andtheinitialreadingsshallbetakenwithin12hours.Monitoringpoints測點(測試斷面)應(yīng)盡可能靠近開挖面，要求在2m以內(nèi)。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測的采納及事項需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Themeasuringpoint(testsection)shallbeascloseaspossibletotheexcavationsurfaceandshallbewithin2m.讀數(shù)應(yīng)在重錘穩(wěn)定或張力調(diào)節(jié)器指針穩(wěn)定指示規(guī)定的張力值時讀取。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測的采納及事項需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Thereadingsshallbetakenwhenthehammerisstabilizedorthepointerofthetensionregulatorstablypointsthespecifiedtensionvalue.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地表下沉量測SurfaceSubsidenceMeasurement在隧道施工遇到IV~VI級圍巖InthetunnelconstructionClassIV~VIsurroundingrocksareencountered通常是軟弱破碎地層，其穩(wěn)定性差，如果覆蓋層厚度較小，則開挖時地表下沉就大。

Itisusuallyaweakandfracturedstratawithpoorstability.Ifthethicknessoftheoverburdenissmall,thesurfacesubsidencewillbelargeduringexcavation.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地表下沉量測SurfaceSubsidenceMeasurement

Forshallowtunnelsatsoilsandandsoftrocksections,Thesurfacesubsidencemeasurementisrequired,andthespacingofmeasuringpointsarrangedalongthelongitudinaldirectionofthetunnelcanbedeterminedaccordingtothegeology,

overburdenthickness,constructionmethodandsurroundingbuildings.對于土砂、軟巖地段的淺埋隧道，我們要求進(jìn)行地表下沉量測，沿隧道縱向布置測點的間距可視地質(zhì)、覆蓋層厚度、施工方法和周圍建筑物的情況確定。表地表下沉測試斷面間距覆蓋層厚度H測點間距(m)H>2B2B>H>BH<B20~5010~205~10TableSpacingofSurfaceSubsidenceTestSectionOverburdenthicknessHSpacingbetweenmeasuringpoints(m)03

量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋AnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

Theclearancedisplacementismainlyusedastheindexofsurroundingrockstabilityevaluationandsurroundingrockstabilitystatusjudgmentinthefieldmeasurementoftunnelengineering.

OnlythelargecavernexistsRetentionandreinforcementoffillingmaterialsinthetunnelConstructionofthebaseslabandretainingwall

Constructionoflining

隧道工程現(xiàn)場量測主要以凈空位移作為圍巖穩(wěn)定性評價及圍巖穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)判斷的指標(biāo)。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：JudgmentStandard:位移量Displacement位移速率Displacementrate位移加速度Displacementacceleration根據(jù)以上判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如果圍巖位移速度不超過允許值，且不出現(xiàn)蠕變趨勢，我們則可以認(rèn)為圍巖是穩(wěn)定的,初期支護是成功的。若表現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定性較好，則可以考慮適當(dāng)加大循環(huán)進(jìn)尺。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

Accordingtotheabovejudgmentstandards,Ifthedisplacementvelocityofthesurroundingrockdoesnotexceedtheallowablevalue,andnocreeptendencyoccurs,Itcanbeconsideredthatthesurroundingrockisstable,andtheprimarysupportissuccessful.Ifthestabilityisgood,thecyclicfootagecanbeappropriatelyincreased.

Originalsupport

Nosupport

Displacement/m

StepofCalculation/104根據(jù)新奧法施工原則，需要在圍巖或圍巖加初期支護基本達(dá)成穩(wěn)定后，才可以施作二次襯砌。監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

AccordingtotheconstructionprincipleofNewAustrianTunnelingMethod(NATM),Thesecondaryliningcanbeconstructedonlyafterthesurroundingrockorsurroundingrockisaddedwithprimarysupporttoachievebasicstable.

Systemanchorrod

Arch

Haunch

Sidewall

Invertedarch

SidewallInvertedarch

WaterprooflayerPrimarysupportShotcretingReinforcingmeshSteelribAnchorrod監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData圍巖壓力分析Analysisofsurroundingrockpressure圍巖壓力的大小與圍巖位移量及支護剛度密切相關(guān)。

Thepressurevalueofsurroundingrockiscloselyrelatedtothesurroundingrockdisplacementandthesupportrigidity.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)量測數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData噴層應(yīng)力分析Shotcretelayerstressanalysis噴層應(yīng)力是指切向應(yīng)力，噴層應(yīng)力與圍巖壓力及位移有密切關(guān)系。

Stressofshotcretelayerreferstothetangentialstress,Thestressofshotcretelayeriscloselyrelatedtothesurroundingrockpressureanddisplacement.噴層應(yīng)力大的兩個方面：Therearetworeasonsforthehighstressoftheshotcretelayer圍巖壓力和位移大Thepressureanddisplacementofsurroundingrockarelarge.支護不足Insufficientsupport課程小結(jié)04Summary.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary加強隧道圍巖監(jiān)控量測過程控制Strengthenthemonitoringandmeasurementprocesscontroloftunnelsurroundingrock建立穩(wěn)固的隧道圍巖監(jiān)控量測工作基點Establishstableworkingreferencepointsformonitoringandmeasurementoftunnelsurroundingrock重視隧道圍巖監(jiān)控量測元件埋設(shè)和保護Attachimportancetotheembeddingandprotectionofmonitoringandmeasurementelementsoftunnelsurroundingrock重視監(jiān)測與分析，信息化反饋Attachimportancetothemonitoring,analysisandinformatizationfeedback加強現(xiàn)場施工安全，為信息化工作提供保障Strengthenon-siteconstructionsafetyandprovideguaranteeforinformatizationworkPrecautions注意事項.施工檢測管理流程，將監(jiān)測的結(jié)果必須盡快地反饋到施工和設(shè)計中去。

Constructioninspectionmanagementprocess:themonitoringresultsmustbefedbacktotheconstructionanddesignassoonaspossible.施工檢測采用的機械和電子儀器，必須確保具有良好的使用狀態(tài)。

Themechanicalandelectronicinstrumentsusedforconstructioninspectionmustbeingoodservicecondition.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測管理Constructioninspectionmanagement.①檢查儀表設(shè)備是否完好，如發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時修理或更換。Checkwhethertheinstrumentsandequipmentareingoodcondition,andrepairorreplacethemintimeifanyproblemisfound.②檢查測點是否松動或人為損壞，確認(rèn)測點狀態(tài)良好時方可進(jìn)行測試工作。Checkwhetherthemeasuringpointsarelooseorartificiallydamaged,andcarryoutthetestonlyafterconfirmingthatthemeasuringpointsareingoodcondition.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測管理Constructioninspectionmanagement測試前做到：Beforethetest:.監(jiān)控量測技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測管理Constructioninspectionmanagement按各項量測的操作規(guī)程安裝好儀器儀表，每測點一般測讀三次，三次讀數(shù)相差不大時，取算術(shù)平均值作為觀測點，若讀數(shù)相差過大時應(yīng)檢查儀器、儀表安裝是否正確，測點是否松動，當(dāng)確認(rèn)無誤時再進(jìn)行測試。Installinstrumentsandmetersaccordingtothevariousmea