Unit+2+Lessons+in+Life+Using+language+高二英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit

2

Lessons

in

lifeSection

Ⅲ

Using

language情境創(chuàng)設(shè)·語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Ⅰ.觀察感悟1.On

discovering

that

Morrie

is

being

weakened

by

a

severe

illness,

Mitch

starts

visiting

him

at

his

house

on

Tuesdays.2.After

finishing

it,

I

feel

I

have

been

given

a

deeper

insight

into

the

world

and

can

see

things

from

a

different

point

of

view.3.Despite

its

widespread

recognition,

my

first

impression

was

that

Tuesdays

with

Morrie

is

just

made

up

of

a

collection

of

over-emotional

thoughts

and

messages,

many

of

which

are

repeated.4.The

book

made

me

stop

and

think

about

how

much

I

am

influenced

by

popular

culture

and

the

importance

of

creating

my

own

values

based

on

love

and

open

communication.5.A

box

of

tissues

will

be

needed

to

get

through

this

book!

觀察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑體部分都使用了__________。表示不知道或沒(méi)有必要指明動(dòng)作的________是誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的________或事件本身時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)執(zhí)行者承受者Ⅱ.要點(diǎn)精析1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。be隨著主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式如下：

（以do

為例）現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般式am/is/aredonewas/were

donewill/shall

be

donewould

be

done進(jìn)行式am/is/are

being

donewas/werebeing

done完成式have/has

been

donehad

been

donewill/shallhave

been

donewould

have

been

done溫馨提示

不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種常見(jiàn)情況:（1）不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The

final

exam

is

approaching.期末考試馬上要來(lái)了。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如last、hold、contain、fit、cost等。The

lecture

will

last

for

three

hours.講座會(huì)持續(xù)3個(gè)小時(shí)。（3）表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)），如have、own、belong

to等。The

old

house

belongs

to

Mr.

Tony.那座老房子是托尼先生的。2.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義（1）當(dāng)clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)的“品質(zhì)”或“性能”。This

pen

writes

smoothly.這支鋼筆寫起字來(lái)很流暢。The

door

won't

lock.這扇門鎖不上。（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。The

opening

ceremony

will

start

at

8:00

tomorrow

morning.開(kāi)幕式會(huì)在明天早晨8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。（3）在need、deserve等詞的后面常跟動(dòng)名詞，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。His

old

car

which

breaks

down

frequently

needs

repairing/to

be

repaired.他那輛經(jīng)常出故障的舊車需要修理了。（4）“be

worth+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The

book

is

worth

reading

again

and

again.這本書值得一讀再讀。（5）某些連系動(dòng)詞，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。（2022全國(guó)甲）Though

not

known

to

use

tools

in

the

wild,

the

birds

have

proved

skilful

at

tool

use

while

kept

in

the

cage.雖然這些鳥(niǎo)不以在野外使用工具而聞名，但事實(shí)證明這些鳥(niǎo)在籠子里可以熟練使用工具。（6）在“be+adj.+to

do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)。The

new

washing

machine

is

easy

to

operate.新的洗衣機(jī)操作起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單。3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

（1）注意動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不能省略其中的介詞或副詞。The

meeting

is

to

be

put

off

till

Friday.會(huì)議將推遲到星期五。（2）注意雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中。My

friend

gave

me

an

interesting

book

on

my

birthday.→I

was

given

an

interesting

book

by

my

friend

on

my

birthday.我的朋友在我生日那天送了我一本有趣的書。（3）注意復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余部分不動(dòng)。使役動(dòng)詞以及感官動(dòng)詞等后跟省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)要加to。The

teacher

made

him

retell

the

passage.→He

was

made

to

retell

the

passage

by

the

teacher.老師讓他復(fù)述課文。（4）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中的賓語(yǔ)是從句時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要用形式主語(yǔ)it。They

say

that

Mr.

Zhang

is

a

humorous

teacher.→It's

said

that

Mr.

Zhang

is

a

humorous

teacher.據(jù)說(shuō)張老師是一個(gè)幽默的老師。Ⅲ.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練單句填空1.

The

oil-paper

umbrellas

appeared

during

the

Spring

and

Autumn

Period.

Later,

they

_____________（bring）

overseas

to

Japan

during

the

Tang

Dynasty

（618-907）.were

brought2.

All

the

preparations

for

the

task

____________________（complete）,

and

we're

ready

to

start.have

been

completed3.

The

pictures_________

（use）

to

show

the

terrible

results

of

global

warming

and

call

on

people

to

take

action

to

save

our

earth.are

used4.

How

did

the

newspapers___________（come）

about?come

about5.

Now

even

Antarctica,

the

only

continent

with

no

permanent

human

inhabitants,________________

（affect）

by

us.is

being

affected6.

What

he

said

at

the

meeting_______（prove）

true.proved7.

When

he

arrived

at

the

spot,

Mary

______________（send）

to

hospital.had

been

sent8.

Hundreds

of

jobs____________（lose）in

the

future

with

AI

advancing

so

rapidly.will

be

lost9.

I

wasn't

surprised

that

she

got

_______（elect）after

all

the

efforts

she

had

made.elected10.

They

often

eat

in

that

restaurant

because

the

food

there

______（taste）

delicious.tastes語(yǔ)篇填空

It

is

tough

for

any

basketball

player

to

get

to

the

major

leagues,

but

James

Abbott

had

an

extra

obstacle

that

should

1.____________（overcome）.

He

might

have

been

an

average

person

if

he

2.______________

（born）

with

a

right

hand.be

overcomehad

been

born

When

Abbott

was

young,

other

children

3._______

（tease）

him

constantly.

This

didn't

stop

Abbott.

He

loved

sports,

and

he

practiced

constantly.

In

high

school,

Abbott

4._______

（join）

the

school

basketball

team

and

became

a

pitcher

（投球手）

of

the

team.

Later

he

5.________

（attend）

the

University

of

Michigan

on

a

basketball

scholarship.

In

1987

Abbott

6.___________（name）

America's

top

amateur

athlete,

and

in

1988

he

pitched

his

way

to

a

gold

medal

in

the

Olympics.

But

Abbott

didn't

think

he

was

finished

yet.

Abbott

went

straight

to

the

majors.

He

7.___________（choose）

to

pitch

for

the

California

Angels

and

later

for

the

New

York

Yankees.teasedjoinedattendedwas

namedwas

chosen

How

did

Abbott

accomplish

all

this

with

just

one

hand？This

is

what

fans

often

asked.

James

Abbott

8._________（see）as

a

left-handed

pitcher,

not

as

a

one-handed

pitcher.

He

once

said

that

he

didn't

grow

up

thinking

about

not

having

a

right

hand.

When

9.______（ask）

to

explain

how

he

had

made

it

to

the

top,

Abbott

said,

“If

I

had

not

worked

very

hard,

I

10.__________（be）a

failure

now.

The

only

thing

that

could

stop

me

was

myself.”was

seenaskedwould

be詞句精講·夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)1

in

order

to

do以便做……;為了做……情境佳句①you

must

face

challenges

in

order

to

be

successful（教材原句）你必須面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)才能成功②He

got

up

early

in

order

to/so

as

to

catch

the

first

bus.為了趕上第一班公共汽車，他很早就起床了。③We

started

early

in

order

that/so

that

we

could

arrive

before

dark.為了在天黑前到達(dá)，我們很早就動(dòng)身了。歸納拓展（1）in

order

to=so

as

to，但so

as

to一般不用在句首，它們的否定形式為in

order

not

to/so

as

not

to。（2）in

order

to

do和so

as

to

do作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為in

order

that或so

that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。學(xué)以致用［完成句子/一句多譯］①

(2022全國(guó)甲)為了推動(dòng)環(huán)境保護(hù)，曹（晟康）和吳（凡）沿路收集垃圾。Cao

and

Wu

also

collected

garbage

along

the

road,

________________________________________.in

order

to

promote

environmental

protection②

為了避免忘記，我要把他的電話號(hào)碼寫下來(lái)。I'll

write

down

his

telephone

number__________________________________.so

as

not

to/in

order

not

to

forget

it③

為了在線上學(xué)習(xí)，他買了一部智能手機(jī)。→He

bought

a

smartphone

______________________________.→He

bought

a

smartphone

______________________________________.so

as

to/in

order

to

study

online

in

order

that/so

that

he

could

study

online2

cooperate

v.合作，協(xié)作情境佳句①it

is

easier

to

achieve

something

if

you

cooperate

with

someone

else（教材原句）如果你與別人合作，就更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)）②We

can

cooperate

with

international

organizations

or

countries

to

better