02必修二Unit4過去分詞作定語和賓語（語法）（原卷版）

02必修二Unit4語法精講精練過去分詞作定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞，也稱動(dòng)詞的ed形式，是一種非限定動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式由動(dòng)詞原形詞尾加ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式有不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表。ed形式一般表示被動(dòng)和完成，只有一種形式，沒有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化、它在句子中可以充當(dāng)定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等成分。

一、過去分詞作定語

1.過去分詞作定語時(shí)的意義

過去分詞作定語，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)或者完成的意義。

Things

seen

are

mightier

than

things

heard.

(諺語)眼見為實(shí)，耳聽為虛。

Her

daughter,

brought

up

by

me,

has

begun

to

work

now.

她的由我養(yǎng)育的那個(gè)女兒現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)參加工作了。

2.過去分詞作定語時(shí)的位置

(1)單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語，常放在所修飾的名詞的前面。過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，須放在所修飾的名詞之后，此時(shí)，它相當(dāng)于定語從句。

He

told

me

that

this

was

the

wounded

soldier.

他告訴我這就是那個(gè)受傷的戰(zhàn)士。

Near

the

window,

there

is

a

bookshelf

filled

with

books

(=

which

is

filled

with

books).

窗戶旁有一個(gè)裝滿書的書架。

(2)當(dāng)被修飾的詞是復(fù)合不定代詞

something,nothing,somebody

等或指示代詞

those,these等時(shí)，作定語的過去分詞須后置。

There

has

been

nothing

changed

since

I

left

London

two

years

ago.

自從我兩年前離開倫敦后，那兒一直沒有什么變化。

Is

there

anything

unsolved?

還有沒解決的問題嗎？

(3)某些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，不可以單獨(dú)作前置定語。但可以與某些副詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞作前置定語。

完成的意義。

wellbehaved

children

守規(guī)矩的孩子

newlyarrived

visitors剛到的參觀者

3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別doing現(xiàn)在分詞表示被修飾詞發(fā)起的動(dòng)作，在邏輯上它們是主謂關(guān)系，并表示被修飾詞的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)等；且現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的行為the

boiling

water

沸水

the

developing

country

發(fā)展中國家

the

falling

leaves

正在

飄落的樹done被修飾詞是過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者；在邏輯上它們是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；且過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的行為the

boiled

water

開水

the

developed

country

發(fā)達(dá)國家

the

fallen

leave

落葉過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，通常用于以下幾種情況：

1.過去分詞用在表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

keep，leave等后面。keep/leave+n.

/

pron.

+

pp

Keep

your

mouth

shut

and

your

eyes

open.

(諺語)少說多看。

2.過去分詞用在表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞后面。如：have,make,get

等。

(1)“have+賓語+過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)有三種含義：①表示“讓某事被(別人)做”。I

have

my

hair

cut

once

a

month.我一個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。They

are

going

to

have

the

entrance

hall

painted

white.他們準(zhǔn)備讓人把門廳粉刷成白色。②表示“遇到某種不幸；受到打擊；蒙受……損失；受……影響”。While

they

were

on

holiday,

they

had

their

car

broken

into.他們?cè)诙燃贂r(shí)車被撬開了。He

had

his

hat

blown

off

on

his

way

home.在回家的路上他的帽子被風(fēng)吹走了。③表示“完成某事(自己也可能參與)”。I

have

had

all

my

spelling

mistakes

corrected.我已經(jīng)把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。He

has

had

one

thousand

yuan

saved

this

year.他今年已經(jīng)存了一千元了。

(2)“make+賓語+過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動(dòng)作必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。He

is

trying

to

make

himself

understood.他在努力把自己的意思說清楚。

3.過去分詞用在表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后面。如:see,watch,

observe,

find,

hear,

feel,

notice

等。She

felt

a

great

weight

taken

off

her

mind.

她覺得心里輕松多了。The

next

morning

people

found

the

world

outside

pletely

changed.第二天早上，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)外面的世界完全變了。

4.過去分詞用在“with/without+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。With

many

brightlycoloured

flowers

planted

around

the

building,

her

house

looks

like

a

beautiful

garden.她的房子周圍種了許多色彩鮮艷的花，看上去就像一個(gè)漂亮的花園。With

everything

well

arranged,

he

left

the

office.一切安排妥當(dāng)后，他離開了辦公室。

5.過去分詞用在表示“希望，要求，命令”的動(dòng)詞后面。如want,

wish,

expect,

would

like,order

等。He

won’t

like

such

questions

discussed

at

the

meeting.他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問題。The

students

wish

the

TV

serial

plays

continued.學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。

【口訣助記】

一感二聽三使役六看，后接分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見，

主動(dòng)

doing

被動(dòng)

done，還有

with

結(jié)構(gòu)要記上。

(一“感覺”：feel；二“聽”；hear,listen

to；三“使役”：have,leave,keep;六“看”：see,

watch,look

at,

observe,

find,

notice;

with

結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。)

★溫馨提示過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語和動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語和動(dòng)詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語可表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作或者表示一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作①I

saw

him

opening

the

window.我看到他在開窗戶。(強(qiáng)調(diào)正在開窗戶)②I

saw

the

window

opened.我看見窗戶被打開了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)看見時(shí)窗戶已經(jīng)被打開了)

③I

saw

him

open

the

window.我看見他打開了窗戶。(省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示看到了開窗戶的全過程）三、單句語法填空：1.Thisisthestatueofabravesoldier

(seat)onahorse,withagunonhisback.2.ProfessorJordangaveusamore

(confuse)lecturethisafternoonandmostofuswere

(confuse).3.Heisenthusiasticallytalkingwithaman

(call)Mike.4.Themeeting

(hold)yesterdaywasofgreatimportance.5.Theboy

(absorb)inhishomeworkwasmydeskmate.6.Doyouknowthetower

(locate)intheheartofthecity?7.Thereisa

(determine)lookonherface.8.Thepeople

(link)totherobberywereputintoprison.9.Thegirl

(lose)inthoughtissecondtononeinmaths.10.Thereisa

(pollute)rivernearmyhouse,givingabadsmell.11.Whenhecamebacktenyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatly

(change).12.Iwanthim

(finish)thehomeworkintime.13.Myfatherhadhadthehouse

(paint)beforewemovedin.14.Theendofthestoryleftme

(puzzle).15.IturnedaroundbecauseIheardsomeone

(speak)myhometowndialect.16.Thespeakerraisedhervoicetomakeherself

(hear).17.Isawthem

(play)footballwhenIpassedby.18.Theykeptthedoor

(lock)foralongtime.19.Wecanhearthewindows

(beat)bytheraindrops.20.Wemustgetthework

(finish)by10o’clock.21.Themonkeyputsitshandintotheboxthroughaholejustbigenoughforanemptyhand,butwhenitgrabstheappleandholdsittightly,itgets

(stick).22.Thefamousmuseum

(destroy)intheterriblefirehasbeenrepairedthankstothesupportfromthegovernment.23.Shewantsherpaintings

(show)inthegallery,butherpaintingsaren’tpopular.24.

(bury)undertheruins,thelittlegirlwasratherfrightenedandcriedforhelp.25.

(adapt)fromatruestory,thefilmissetinParisinthe1900s.26.Eachyear,alargenumberofteensandyoungadultsget

(injure)whileplayingsports.27.

(pare)withotherstudents,Maryismoredeterminedtoachievehergoal.28.When

(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”.29.

(face)withproblemsinrelationship,theydon’tknowwhattodo.30.

(locate)inthecenterofthetown,theshoppingmallwasagoodchoiceforpeopletoshop.31.

(equip)withnecessaryknowledgeandskills,Iwasqualifiedforthejob.32.

(surround)withpeoplewholoveandrespecthim,hefeelsdelightedandenergeticeveryday.33.

(motivation)toworkmoreefficiently,theemployeesareconcentratingontheirtasks.34.Fortyyearsago,mostpeopleinChinalivedinsmallhouseswherewinterseemedtobeextremelycold,butnowpeopleliveinlargehouses

(equip)withheatingsystems.35.Once

(heat),waterwillchangeintosteam.36.

(pare)tooursmallapartment,ouruncle’shouseseemedlikeapalace.37.Herefusedtoaccept

(donate)moneyanddecidedtomakemoneybyhimself.38.Activelearnersdonotjudgepeople

(base)onfirstimpressionsorpersonalfeelings.39.Heisaregularcustomertothebarbecuerestaurant,inwhichroastmuttonand

(fry)chickenarehisfavorite.40.Iamwritingtheletterforthepositionasavolunteer

(advertise)inthenewspaper.41.

(paint)onafivemeterlongsilkscroll,QingmingScrollisamasterworkofChinesart.42.Theresultsindicatedthatsomething

(produce)bythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.43.Thereyouwilleatfoodwhichiscookedinleaves

(steam)overhotstones.44.

(overe)withsorrow,ZhuYingtaijumpsintoLiangShanbo’sgrave.45.Witheyesnolonger

(fix)onourphones,wehadachancetoreallyenjoyeachother’spany.46.Nowit’sdone.Regretsareofnobenefit.It’snousecryingfor

(spill)

milk.47.MrSmithaskedusto

(response)tohimactivelyinclass.48.Somelanguagemunitiesare

toadoptingwordsfromothercultures.49.Thebook

(entitle)“HeavyPackagesofHistory”showtheweightofhistoryitcarries.50.Theproduceresregularlytocollectthecameras

(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.四、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國I卷)Shanghaimaybethe__________(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.2.(2023·全國甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage_________(intend)foreveryone.3.(2023·全國乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully________(build)systemofringroads.4.(2022·全國甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation_________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.5.(2022·全國乙卷)“......Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha_________(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.6.(2021·全國I卷)Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus_________(astonish).7.(全國Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.8.(全國Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.五、語篇語法填空：(1)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(13詞)。Aleaffellintothewaterandchangedthetasteofit.Therefore,teawasborn.Chinaisknown1thehomeoftea.Sinceancienttimes,tea2(exist)inChineseculture,leavingitsaromainpoetryandcustoms.Manytealoversenjoyteanotjustforitsflavor,3alsoforthebeautyofteaceremonies.4(pick)tealeavesisanimportantspringactivityintheYangtzeRiverbasininSouthChina.TheearliestteaisoftenreadytobepickedbeforeQingming,5thetemperaturebeginstoriseandrainfallincreases.ThisprecioussmalloutputofteaiscalledMingqiantea.EastChina’sZhejiangprovinceis6(wide)acknowledgedasamajorproduceroftea.WhiteTeainHuzhoucity’sAnjicountyandWestLakeLongjingTeainHangzhouaretwofamousteasinbothChinaandabroad.Inspring,localhillsides7(fill)withteaworkerssowingseedsontheirland.Manytouristslikethebeautifulsceneryofteafarms,while8(enjoy)afreshlybrewedcupoftea.Teahasalsobeenacarrierforculturalexchanges.AlongwithChina’ssilk,teawasoneofthefirst9(product)toreceiveworldwidetrade.TraditionalteaprocessingtechniquesandassociatedsocialpracticesinChinawereplacedon10RepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin2022.(2)NodiscussionaboutChinesecultureispletewithoutmentioningoftheGreatWall.Itisoneofthemostamazing1(structure)intheentireworld.Throughmorethan2,000yearsfromthe2(seven)centuryBCtothe16thcenturyAD,19DynastiesbuiltpartsoftheGreatWall,3(add)uptoover100,000kilometers.Itpreventednorthernpeopleonhorseback4attackingpeopleinthesouth.ThehardshipsinvolvedinbuildingtheGreatWallarebeyond5(imagine).AChineseidiom6(vivid)expressestheGreatWall,“EffortsjoinedbymanycanbuildtheGreatWall.”O(jiān)verthecenturies,theGreatWall7(bee)asymbolofstrengthfortheChinesepeople.Forexample,thenationalanthem,posedbyNieEr,8(call)onthepeopleto“buildournewGreatWallwithourfleshandblood.”ThewellpreservedsectionsweseetodayweremainlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty(1368—1644),among9themostpopulararearoundBeijing,includingBadaling,Mutianyu,Juyongguan,andSimatai.Adaytouror10longhikealongtheGreatWallallowsyoutotravelbackintimetofeelthethousandsofyears’changesandtheethos(精神風(fēng)貌)oftheancientKingdomofChina.(3)Gulangyu,whichisalsocalled“pianoisland”or“museumofglobalarchitectures”,isanislandoffthecoastofXiamen,southeastChina’sFujianProvince.Thelittleisland1(think)ofasanamecardofXiamenCityandofFujianProvinceasawhole.Gulangyusawrapidgrowthin2(it)cultureandeducationinmoderntimes,withschools,hospitals,newspaperoffices3librariesbuiltbypeoplefrombothhomeandabroad.Theislandbecameafamoustouristdestinationin4late1970s.Unfortunately,effortstoprotectthelocalhistoricalsitesandculturalheritages(遺產(chǎn))fellbehindwhen5(tourist)floodedtoGulangyuisland.Asaresult,the6(protect)ofGulangyubecamenecessary.BaguaMansion(八卦樓)，ortheEightDiagramsMansion,wasbuiltintheearly20thcenturyandisoneoftheattractionsontheisland.Lateron,itwas7(bad)inneedofrepairbuttherewasnoenoughmoneytodoit.In1986,theXiamengovernmentdecided8(repair)themansion.Afterthat,BaguaMansionbecametheonlymuseumofpipeorgans,akindof9(tradition)instrumentinChinaandthelargestofthatkindintheworld.Themansion,along1052otherhistoricalsites,formsawholepartofGulangyu’smulticulturalheritage,andthismadeitaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2017.(4)ForcenturiesLondonhasbeenthecenteroftheUnitedKingdom,butitwas1(actual)anarmyoutpost(前哨)nearly2,000yearsago.There2(be)morethansixmillionLondonersatthevery3(begin)ofthe20thcentury.Itwaslucky4themthattheirhometownwouldbeethelargestandwealthiestcityontheearthinthenewcentury.However,wars5(fight)fromWorldWarⅠtoWorldWarⅡ.Luckily,thiscitysurvivedandtheircountrybecameacountryof“freedomandgloryformankind”,asWinstonChurchilloncesaid.London,thoughbadlyruined,remainedagoodchoiceforpeople6werelookingforchances.In71950s,anewwaveofimmigrants(移民)changedthefaceofthecity.Millionsofpeoplewentthereinhopeof8(find)betterjobsandhigherpay.Now,Londonisaninternationalcapitalofmerce,an9(attract)touristdestination(目的地),acenterofculture,andoneofthemostlively10(city)underthesun.(5)AjourneyenrichedwithcuisineandcultureAsreportedbyChinaTourismNews,thebinationofcultureandtourismhasinspiredseveralcitiesinChinatoexploretheircookingheritagewhiletransformingfoodtoursintoculturalexperiences.