數(shù)詞-2020年高考高中英語語法專項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練

專題四數(shù)詞

重難點(diǎn)分析

數(shù)詞是用來表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞，分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。

功能作主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語

基基數(shù)詞1?19,20~29,整十位數(shù)和hundred,thousand,million,billion

數(shù)讀法三要點(diǎn)會(huì)讀個(gè)、十、百位數(shù)

詞由右向左每三位數(shù)前的逗號(hào)分別讀作thousand,million和billion,逗號(hào)之間的按百位

以內(nèi)的數(shù)讀

注意表示"幾百"、"幾千"時(shí)，hundred,thousand等詞不加-s

hundred,thousand等詞為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作名詞，表示“數(shù)量很多”的意思

序一般的基數(shù)詞后加-th,多位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞只變最后一位。如：ten—tenth,onethousandtwo

數(shù)構(gòu)成hundredandthirty-onethousandtwohundredandthirtieth

詞整幾十的基數(shù)詞，去掉詞尾的y再加ieth,如：forty-fortieth

幾個(gè)不規(guī)則詞：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth

功能作定語（前面要加定冠詞the）；年、月、日中的日；表示“第幾”時(shí)；分?jǐn)?shù)中的分母

一、基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)量的詞為基數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表

范圍特點(diǎn)實(shí)例

1-12無規(guī)律one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve

13?19以-teen為結(jié)尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen

20?90以-ty結(jié)尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety

21?99十位與個(gè)位之間twenty-five,sixty-five,ninety-nine

要加連字符

101?999百位和十位之間threehundredandtwenty-five（美國(guó)英語中常將and省略）

通常用and

千以上6275一sixthousandtwohundredandseventy-five;1200一twelvehundred

二、序數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目順序的詞為序數(shù)詞，它的構(gòu)成如下表

1范5圍S特點(diǎn)S實(shí)例o

1-19各基數(shù)詞尾加-th其中7個(gè)例外：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelftho其余，

如：fourth,sixth,nineteenth

20,30?90把-y變-i后加-ethtwentieth,fortieth,ninetieth

21以后多位數(shù)最后一個(gè)數(shù)用序數(shù)21st-twenty-first,110th-onehundredandtenth

詞，其余用基數(shù)詞

三、數(shù)詞的用法

1.英語中年月日、鐘點(diǎn)、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、編號(hào)、算式表示法列表

漢語示例英語表示法

2001年6月30日J(rèn)une30,2001/June30th,2001/30June,2001/30thJune,2001

時(shí)七點(diǎn)二十五分(7:25)seventwenty-five/twenty-fivepastseven

間十二點(diǎn)五十四分(12:54)twelvefifty-four/sixtoone

表九點(diǎn)十五分(9:15)ninefifteen/aquarterpastnine

達(dá)兩點(diǎn)半(2:30)twothirty/halfpasttwo

二H^一點(diǎn)五十分(21:50)twenty-onefifty/tentotwenty-two

數(shù)第二十一twenty-first

字第一百二十三onehundredandtwenty-third

表二分之一；四分之一；五分之四ahalf;onefourth;four-fifths（分子大于1時(shí),在分母序數(shù)詞后加-s）

達(dá)二又五分之二twoandtwo-fifths

百分之二十20percent

編第七路公共汽車Busnumber7/BusNo.7

號(hào)第201號(hào)房間Room201

表人民路153號(hào)153RenminRoad

達(dá)第三中學(xué)No.3MiddleSchool

4+8=12Fourpluseightistwelve.

11-7=4Elevenminussevenisfour.

算6x5=30Sixtimesfiveisthirty.

式20^5=4Twentydividedbyfiveisfour.

表A>BAismorethanB.

達(dá)A<BAislessthanB.

A-BAisapproximatelyequaltoB.

ArBAisnotequaltoB.

2.約數(shù)表示法列表

含義英語表達(dá)例句

morethanHehaslivedhereformorethantwentyyears.他已經(jīng)在這里住了20多年了。

大于overSheisoverfifty.她50多歲了。

ormoreTherearethirtypeopleormoreinthemeeting-room.會(huì)議室里有30多人。

lessthanIhavelessthan（nomorethan）fiftydollars.我有不至U50美元。

小于underChildrenundersevenarenotallowedtoenter.7歲以下的兒童不許入內(nèi)。

belowHewouldnotsellitforbelowahundredfiftydollars.低于150美元,他是不會(huì)賣掉它的。

orlessThecoatmightcosthimsixtydollarsorless.這件外套花了他60美元或少一些。

nearlySheisnearlysixtynow.她近60歲了。

almostIt'salmostthreeo'clock.差不多3點(diǎn)鐘了。

uptoUptotenmencansleepinthistent.這個(gè)帳篷可以睡近10人。

orHespentfourorfivedayswritingthearticle.他花了四、五天的時(shí)間寫這篇文章。

大約orsoThedistanceistwentymilesorso.距離是20英里左右。

aboutIvisitedthevillageaboutthreeyearsago.大約3年前，我訪問過那個(gè)村子。

someTheirteamhassomefourorfiveplayers.他們隊(duì)大約有四、五個(gè)選手。

moreorlessThecontainercanholdmoreorlesstwentypoundsofwater.這個(gè)容器大約可以裝20磅

水。

around/roundLefsmakeitaround/roundeighto'clock.那我們就定在8點(diǎn)鐘左右吧。

3.不定數(shù)量詞“多”的表示法列表

被修飾名詞的數(shù)英語表達(dá)漢譯

dozensof幾十；許多

scoresof許多

anumberof,many,agood/greatmany（修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞），manya（修許多；大量

修飾可數(shù)名詞飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）

hundredsof數(shù)以百計(jì)

thousandsof成千上萬

millionsof數(shù)百萬

billionsof億萬

修飾不可數(shù)名詞much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof,largeamountsof許多；大量

修飾可數(shù)名詞或alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,largequantitiesof許多；大量

不可數(shù)名詞

考點(diǎn)練透

一、完成句子根據(jù)句意將括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語譯成英語。

1.Itisnotrare（在九十年代）thatpeopleintheirfiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurther

education.

2.（五分之三）ofthelandinthatdistrictiscoveredwithtreesandgrass.

3.Americanseat（兩倍多的）asmanyvegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.

4.Theearthis（49倍）thesizeofthemoon.

5.Thegrainoutputofthisyearis（高8%）thanthatoflastyear.

6.（幾百萬）peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.

7.Theheroofthestoryisanartist（三十多歲）.

8.Mr.Smithaskedmetobuy（兩打）eggsforthedinner.

9.一Tellmewhereyoulive,please.

—Hive（在和平路123號(hào)）.

10.About（三千人）tookpartinthedemonstrationagainstthewaronIraq.

11.Thericeproductionhas（增力口T5.8%）thisyear.

12.TherewerefifteenpresidentsbeforeAbrahamLincoln,sohewas（第十六任）president.

13.Itwilltakeme（一年半的時(shí)間）tofinishthecourse.

14.IstheYellowRiver（第二大河）inChina?

15.（開始的三個(gè)部分）ofthetextareratherdifficultforusbeginners.

16.1willstayherefor（一兩天）.

17.Helivedin（五樓506房）.

18.Theclasswasover.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom（三三兩兩地）.

二、語篇填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語提示用適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)詞填空。

Haveyoueverseen]（一個(gè)）chimpanzee（黑猩猩）inazoo?Ifnot,betterrunandseeone.Why?

Becausetheyareindangerandtheremaysoonbenoneleft.

Chimpanzeeswereoncefoundin2（許多）Africancountries.But,aUnitedNationsreportsaidlast

weekthattheyaredisappearingfromsomecountriesfast.

InSenegal,forexample,thereareonly3（兩百）left.Thereusedtobe4（幾千）.

Chimpanzeesareakindofgreatape.Therearethreeotherkindsofgreatape:gorillas,gibbonsandorangutans,

whichareallindanger.

Thereareabout5（四十萬）greatapesintheworld."Theyallfaceextinction,somesoon,others

within6（五十五年）,“saysKlausTopers,headoftheUNEnvironmentProgramme.

“Over7（百分之九十六）ofgreatape'sDNAislikeours.Ifwelosethem,wewilldestroyapartof

ourselves,9,saysKlaus.

Whyarechimpanzeesindangerandhowcanwesavethem?That'sbecauseofhuman.Wearekillingthem

anddestroyingtheforestswheretheylive.AccordingtotheUNreport8（數(shù)以千計(jì)）chimpanzeesdie

eachyearbecauseofhumans.Somepeoplekillthemformoney.But9（三分之二）ofthemdieafter

humanscutdowntheforestswheretheylive,whichmeansgreatapeshavenoplacetoliveandnofoodtoeat.

Lastweek,scientistsfrom10（四分之三的）thecountriesoftheworldmetinParis,France,and

madeareporttellingcountrieshowtoprotectapes.

三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

HotSpringsinChangbaishan

Changbaishanisafamousnaturereserve,mostofwhichiscoveredwiththickforest.Itishometoagreat

diversityofplantsandanimals.]therareanimalsarecranes（鶴）,blackbears,leopards（豹）andSiberian

tigers.ThemostpopularattractioninthereserveisTianchi2youcanenjoythesightofthecrystalclear

watersandtheviewoftheothersixteenmountainpeaksthatsurroundTianchi.

Whenyou3（finish）yourvisittoTianchi,don'trushaway.Thereareplentyofotherthingstoseeand

doinChangbaishan.Forexample,youcanrelaxinthenearbyhotsprings.Therearemanypools4（heat）by

hotwateroutoftheground.Whafsmore,youcanfindwaterisheatedbyboilingrocksintheground.5you

arehungry,putaneggintothewater.6afewminutes,youcanhave7deliciousegg.Thereareso

manyhotsprings,13poolsin1,000squaremetersarea,thatyoucanchoose8youlikebest.Somepoolsare

veryhot(over60℃),but9areverypleasantforbathing.

Stayinginthepoolscannotonlyhelpyourefreshyourselfbutalsobegoodforhealth.Itisagreat10

(enjoy)tobatheinhotspringsandadmirethebeautifulscenery.

助讀詞匯

refresh使精神振作naturereserve自然保護(hù)區(qū)

thickforest茂密的森林behometo...是...的所在地

agreatdiversityof各種各樣的Siberiantiger東北虎

crystalclear完全透明的mountainpeak山峰

hotspring溫泉admirethebeautifulscenery欣賞美麗的風(fēng)景

參考答案

考點(diǎn)練透

一、完成句子

1.inthe1990s2.Threefifths3.morethantwice4.49times5.8percenthigher6.Severalmillion

7.inhisthirties8.twodozen9.at123HepingRoad10.threethousandpeople11.increasedbyfivepo