英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換

英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換祈使句的作用是要求、請求或命令、勸告、建議別人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感嘆號，但是有些祈使句的語氣較弱，可以用句號結(jié)尾。祈使句可以用語氣詞“吧”作結(jié)尾，也可以不用語氣詞。祈使句可以表示命令、請求、禁止、勸阻等。表示命令的祈使句例如：“保持肅靜！”；“起立！”表示請求的句式通常是“請……”。例如：“請等我一會?！北硎窘沟木涫接校骸安粶?zhǔn)……”、“不要……”、“別……”等。例如：「此處不準(zhǔn)停車！」表示勸阻的句式通常是「請勿……」。例如：「請勿在車廂內(nèi)飲食?！挂?、反意疑問句反意疑問句是用來表示向?qū)Ψ教岢龇磫柕囊环N句式.表示說話人對所提問題的答案有所了解.有時不需要得到回答.反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩部分,即:陳述部分和疑問部分(疑問部分用簡略形式),陳述部分與疑問部分用逗號隔開.反意疑問句有兩種形式,一種是前肯定后否定;另一種是前否定后肯定.如:Youareastudent,aren'tyou?你是個學(xué)生,對嗎?Youarenotastudent,areyou?你不是學(xué)生,對嗎?應(yīng)當(dāng)注意反意疑問句的答語,與漢語略有區(qū)別,特別是前否定后肯定類型的反意疑問句.例如:-----Youareastudent,areyou?你是個學(xué)生,對嗎?-----Yes,Iam.(No,Iamnot)是的,我是.(不是,我不是.)-------Youarenotastudent,areyou?你不是一個學(xué)生,對嗎?-------No,Iamnot.(Yes,Iam)對,我不是.(不對,我是.)當(dāng)陳述部分是復(fù)合句時,疑問部分人稱和謂語動詞一般與主句一致,但是當(dāng)主句有I(don't)believe(think,suppose,guess...)疑問部分人稱和謂語動詞應(yīng)該與從句一致.主句的否定實際上是對從句的否定.例如:Idon'tthinkhewillcome,willhe?我想他不會回來,對吧?Ithinkhecanswim,can'the?我想他能游泳,對吧?練習(xí)題填詞完成反意疑問句1.Hewouldn'twaitinlinethenextday,______?2.ShehasbeenlearningEnglish,_________?3.Wecan'ttakethebooksout,________?4.Hehastogohomeonfoot,________?5.Youhaven'thadyourlunch________?6.Wehavenothingtoeat,________?7.Theydislikethebook,________?8.Thereusedtobeapostofficeinthestreet,________?9.Hesaidthathewouldnotgowithus,________?10.Wemusthandintheexercises,________?11.Youdaretojumpoffthewall,________?12.Hemadeafewmistakesinhisexercises,________?13Shemustbeamusiclover,________?14.Isupposeyouknowheraddress,________?15.Idon'tthinkyou'reserious,________?16.Letusdothejobsbyourselves,________?17.-----Heusednottosmoke,usedn'the?-----_____,heusedto.Thedoctoralwaystolehimnotto.18.Dothehomeworkbyyourselves,________?19Let'senterthehall,________?20.Youmusthaveseenhimyesterday,________?答案1.wouldhe2.hasn'tshe3.canwe4.doesn'the5.haveyou6.havewe7.don'tthey8.usedn'tthere9.didn'the10.mustn'twe11.don'tyou12.didn'the13.isn'tshe14.don'tyou15.areyou16.willyou17.Yes18.willyou19.willyou20.didn't二、祈使句祈使句是用來向別人提出命令,建議或請求的句式.常見的祈使句有以下五種:1)Let's開頭的祈使句如:Let'ssayitinEnglish.2)動詞原形開頭的祈使句.如:Listentotheteacher.3)ShallI開頭的祈使句.如:ShallIcarrytheparcelforyou?4)Willyou開頭的祈使句.如:Willyoucomehereearly?5)以Please開頭的祈使句如:Pleasetakeamessageforhim.6）帶呼語的祈使句，如：Mary,comedownhere!(對mary講話，而不帶呼語的且以動詞原形開頭的祈使句則對第二人稱講話)7）不讓對方做某事,英語用"Don't".例如:Don'tspeakloud.不要大聲講話.Don'twriteinthatway.不要那樣寫.練習(xí)題翻譯下列各句1.咱們一起玩吧!2.請不要遲到.3.回答這個問題.4.我來打開窗戶好嗎?5.你和我們一起去好嗎?答案1.Let'splaytogether!2.Don'tbelate.3.Answerthisquestion.4.ShallIopenthewindow?5.Willyougowithus?三、強調(diào)句強調(diào)句式用來加強語氣,強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itis(was)...(強調(diào)部分)that(who)...(保留部分),詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以強調(diào)除謂語動詞以外的任何成分.如:Theboyplayedfootballonthestreet.Itwastheboywhoplayedonthestreet.(強調(diào)主語)Itwasfootballthattheboyplayedonthestreet.(強調(diào)賓語)Itwasonthestreetthattheboyplayedfootball.(強調(diào)狀語)運用強調(diào)句型時應(yīng)注意以下幾個問題:1)當(dāng)被強調(diào)的句子是過去時,強調(diào)句型中用was,被強調(diào)的句子是現(xiàn)在時,強調(diào)句型用is2)但強調(diào)的部分是人時,強調(diào)句型中用who,其他情況用that3)但強調(diào)謂語動詞時,用"do"動詞.例如:Hedidfinishedhishomework.他確實完成了作業(yè).練習(xí)題強調(diào)劃線部分1.Ireadthisbook-reportonlylastSaturday.2.IhappenednottobeinLondonatthattime.3.MasterWutaughtushowtorunthemachine.4.Iseemtohaveheardofthename.5.Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.答案1.Itwasthisbook-reportthatIreadonlylastSaturday.2.ItwasatthattimethatIhappenednottobeinLondon.3.ItwasMasterWuwhotaughtushowtorunthemachine.4.ItisthenamethatIseemtohaveheardof.5.ItwasthreeyearsagothatIjoinedthatarmy.四、否定句否定句從否定的位置上分為主語的否定,謂語的否定和賓語的否定.例如:Nobodycandosuchathing.(主語的否定,意思為:沒有人能做出這樣的事情來.)Ican'trememberhistelephonenumber.(謂語的否定,意思為:我不能記起他的電話號碼.)Hetoldmenothing.(賓語的否定,意思為:他什么也沒告訴我.)否定句從意義上分為:部分否定和全部否定.例如:Allthegirlsdon'tlikebrightcolours.(部分否定.意思為;不是所有的女孩都喜歡鮮艷的顏色.)=Notallthegirlslikebrightcolours.(意思同上)Noneofthegirlslikebrightcolours.(全部否定,意思為:沒有一個女孩喜歡鮮艷的顏色)運用否定句應(yīng)注意的幾個問題:1)否定主語的否定詞有:nothing,nobody,noone,none,no,little,few2)否定謂語的否定詞有:not,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom3)否定賓語的否定詞有:nothing,nobody,none,no,little,few4)當(dāng)主語是anything,anybody時,謂語動詞不能用否定式,如果要否定就要用全部否定.如:Anybodycan'tlivewithoutair.(錯誤)Nobodycanlivewithoutair.(正確)5)部分否定與相應(yīng)的全部否定部分否定全部否定all...not=notallnoneboth...not=notbothneithereverything...not=noteverythingnothingeveryone...not=noteveryonenoone6)no與not的區(qū)別no是形容詞,not是副詞.no放在名詞之前,not與動詞連用.Ihavenoorange.(我沒有桔汁.)Idonothaveanyorange.(我沒有桔汁.)練習(xí)題I.變?yōu)榉穸ň?.HereadsEnglisheverymorning.2.Theycanswimacrosstheriver.3.Wehavepractisedthepattensmanytimes.4.Itisnecessaryforhimtoimprovehishandwriting.5.Ihavesomebreadtoeat.6.Theyareplayingbasketball.7.Theteacherswillgotoameetingtomorrow.8.Thegirlsworetheskirtsyesterday.9.Ithinkthatheisright.10.Cometothepartyearly.答案1.Hedoesn'treadEnglisheverymorning.2.Theycannotswimacrosstheriver.3.Wehavenotpractisedthepattensmanytimes.4.Itisnotnecessaryforhimtoimprovehishandwriting.5.Ihavenotanybreadtoeat.6.Theyarenotplayingbasketball.7.Theteacherswillnotgotoameetingtomorrow.8.Thegirlsdidn'tweartheskirtsyesterday.9.Idon'tthinkthatheisright.10.Don'tcometothepartyearly.II.把下列各句變成全部否定1.Bothofthebrothersworkasfarmers.2.Allofthemarestudyinghard.3.Eitherofthemcanlifttheheavybox.4.Icanfindthelostnecklacesomewhere.5.Everythingisready.答案1.Neitherofthebrothersworksasfarmers.2.Noneofthemarestudyinghard.3.Neitherofthemcanlifttheheavybox.4.Icanfindthelostnecklacenowhere.5.Nothingisready.III.根據(jù)漢語完成句子1.Itistoodangerous_______.(橫穿馬路）2.Heis_____fool.(絕不傻）3.Wetoldhim_______.(不要去那兒）4.Theoldwomancan________.(幾乎不能念書）5.Thereis_______inthebottle.(沒什么水）答案1.tocrosstheroad2.no3.nottogothere4.hardlyread5.littlewater綜合練習(xí)題I.按要求改寫或完成下列各句1.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.(強調(diào)劃線部分）2.Thestudentshavedoneeverythingforthemeeting.(改為否定句）3.Everyoneknowsthesportsmeetwillbeheldtomorrow.(改為全部否定）4.Idon'tthinkhecanclimbupthattalltree,_______?(完成反意疑問句）5.Let's_______time.(不浪費時間)6._____awaymydictionary.(不要拿走)7.Hegavemethenewspaper.(強調(diào)劃線部分)8.Therearesomecomputeresinthelab.(改為否定句)9.Iknowallofthem.(否定賓語)10.Hewasathomeatsixo'clock.(強調(diào)劃線部分)答案1.Itwaswhetherwehaveenoughtimethatitdependson.2.Thestudentshavedonenothingforthemeeting.3.Nooneknowsthesportsmeetwillbeheldtomorrow.4.canhe5.notwaste6.Don'ttake7.Hedidgivemethenewspaper.8.Thereareanycomputersinthelab.9.Iknownoneofthem.10.Itwasatsixo'clockthathewasathome.II.翻譯下列句子(英譯漢)1.Besuretolockthedoorbeforeyouleavetheroom.2.Takecarenottoleaveanythingbehind.3.Howbeautifultheflowerslookinthevase!4.Shecan'tbeinthedormitorynow,canshe?5.Youdidn'tgototheshowthatnight,didyou?No,Ididn't.6.Itisshewhohasmademuchprogress.7.Tomdidsaythathewouldtelephoneusaboutit.8.Alltheworkersarenotbuildingthebridge.9.Theproblemissodifficultthatfewhasworkeditout.10.Notbothofthemshouldbepunished.答案1.離開房間之前一定要鎖好門.2.當(dāng)心不要丟下什么東西.3.花瓶里的花看上去多么漂亮啊!4.她現(xiàn)在不可能在宿舍,對嗎?5.你那天沒有去展覽會,對嗎?對,我沒去.6.是她取得了很大的進步.7.湯姆確實說這事兒要打電話給我們.8.并不是所有的工人都在建橋.9.這個問題如此難以至于每幾個人做出來.10.并不是它們兩個都該受到懲罰.III.翻譯下列句子(漢譯英)1.杯子里沒什么水，是吧？2.他很少按時到家，對吧？3.一定要寫信給我，好嗎？4.你沒有完成作業(yè)，對嗎？不，我完成了作業(yè)。5.我認為他不認真，對嗎？6.就是在街上我找到了湯姆。7.他們兩個人都不喜歡看電影。8.醫(yī)生讓我不要抽煙。9.我們?nèi)ソ淌液脝幔?0.你遞給我一杯水好嗎？答案1.Thereislittlewaterinthecup,isthere?2.Heseldomcomesbackontime,doeshe?3.Besuretowritetome,willyou?4.Youhaven'tfinishedyouhomework,haveyou?Yes,Ihave.5.Idon'tsupposeheisserious,ishe?6.ItwasinthestreetthatIfoundTom.7.Neitherofthemlikesseeingfilms.8.Thedoctoraskedmenottosmoke.9.Shallwegototheclassroom?10.Willyoupassmeacupofwater?祈使句祈使句表示請求、命令、建議等等。謂語動詞一律用原形。句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆號或者句號，用降調(diào)。1含有第二人稱主語的祈使句Becareful！小心！Don''tmakesuchanoise.不要這么吵。1.肯定的祈使句a.句型：動詞原形～.（省略主語）Standup.起立。Bequiet，please.請安靜。b.有時，為了加強語氣，可以在動詞之前加doDositdown.務(wù)必請坐。Dostudyhard.一定要努力學(xué)習(xí)。比較祈使句和陳述句陳述句：Yousitdown.你坐下來。祈使句：Sitdown.坐下（省略主語you）c.用客氣的語氣表示祈使句時，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一個逗號“，”。Gothisway，please.請這邊走。d.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號“，”隔開，放在句首或句尾。LiMing，comehere.李明，過來。Comehere，LiMing.過來，李明。2.否定的祈使句句型：Don''t+動詞原形～Don''tswimintheriver.別在河里游泳。Don''tbelate.別遲到。Pleasedon''tbenoisy.請不要大聲喧嘩。注意表示禁止時，尤其是標(biāo)語等也可用“No+動名詞”來表示。Nosmoking.禁止吸煙。Noparking.禁止停車。句型轉(zhuǎn)換祈使句與陳述句的改寫1．祈使句=Youmust…（陳述句）Comehere.過來。=Youmustcomehere.你必須過來。Don''tdothatagain.你一定不可以再那樣做了。2．Please+祈使句=Willyou(please)～?（陳述句）Pleasehelpme.請幫幫我。=Willyou(please)helpme?你愿意幫我的忙嗎？Comehereonti