第十二章：定語從句

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第十二章：定語從句

一、在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代

詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that,

which,who（賓格whom,所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where,when,why

等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語從

句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語

從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非

限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完

整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle,（that作主語）

Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue,（that作賓語）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語。例如：

Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.（作主語）

Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（作賓語）

3.who,whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)

可用who代替whom。例如：

ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.（作主語）

Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto?（作賓語）

注意：

1）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，who、that>which可省略，但介

詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)（此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不能用that

代替）。例如：

Thisisthehouse（which/that）welivedinlastyear.（可?。?/p>

Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.（不可省，關(guān)系代詞不可用that）

Pleasetellme（whom/that）youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.（可省）

PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.（不可省，關(guān)系代詞不

可用that）

2）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容

詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that,而不用which.例如：

Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.

ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.

b.被修飾的先行詞為all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,

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theone等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that,而不用which.例如：

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?=

Ididn'tunderstandthewordsallthathesaid.

c.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few，no,just

等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that,而不用which.例如：

ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that,而不用which.例如：

IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？

f.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如：

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

3)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that的情況：

a.先行詞為that,those時(shí)，用which,而不用that.例如：

What'sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which,而不用that.例如：(同(1))

Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which,而不用that.例如：

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

(1)when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如：

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

(2)where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：

Thisisplacewhereheworks.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

(3)why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒人知道他為什么

上學(xué)總遲到。

注意：“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可與其他關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞互相轉(zhuǎn)換

Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.

=Thatisthehousewhichmymotherusedtolivein.

=Thatisthehouseinwhichmymotherusedtolive.

上句中：inwhich=where

補(bǔ)充：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

當(dāng)先行詞有such,so,thesame等修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞要用as；as在從句中可

作主語，賓語和表語。

e.g.1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.

2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects

比較：

Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystudentrespectshim.

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(此句為such/so-that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句)

3).Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.

4).HeboughtthesamebikeasIdidlastweek.區(qū)另(JthatIdidlastweek

Las不修飾某個(gè)先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容，可譯為“這一

點(diǎn)，此事；正如"，或不譯。這種從句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常見

于asweallknow,ashasbeensaidabove，asisusual，

asisoftenthecase,aseverybodycansee,asisknowntousall等結(jié)

構(gòu)。e.g.1).Hehaspassedtheexam,asisapleasuretous.2).Asweallkno

w,theearthmovesaroundthesun.3).Thisexperiment,asyouhadexpected,

succeededatlast.

2.如前所述，which也可引導(dǎo)這種從句，兩者?？苫Q。(非限定性定語從

句謂語句末且指代前面的主句)

e.g.1).Thosetwostudentsarewearingthesameclothes,which/asisveryinte

resting.

2).Theycametothepartyontime,as/whichhadbeenexpected.

但在以下兩種情況下有區(qū)別：

1).as從句可位于句首(或主句前)，而which從句只能在主句

后oe.g.isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.

A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As

2).關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí),如果從句的謂語是及物動(dòng)詞+賓語的結(jié)構(gòu),則只能用

whicho

e.g.Hisfatherdiedinatrafficaccident,whichmadeusgreatlysurprise

d.

3)當(dāng)which在從句中指代的事先行詞而不是主句，只能用

whiche.g.Thecar,whichwesawontheplayground,isMike,s.

3.that在有些句型中可視為關(guān)系副詞：

1).way后面的定語從句常用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)，但可省

略。e.g.Idon

tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourparents.Theway(inwhic

h/that)heworkedontheproblemwaswrong.注：如果way在從句中作主語

或賓語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞

which/that。e.g.Heexplainedtheprobleminawaythat/whicheveryonecou

Idaccept.

2).Itis(about,high)timethat(正)是的時(shí)候了。that從句中

常用一般過去時(shí)，that在口語中可省

略oe.g.Itwashightimethatwestoppedpollution.Itistimethatyouh

adlunchnow.

比較

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Therewasatimewhen(duringwhich)wewereshortofoil.3.Thisisthefirst(

secondlast)timethat(從句中常用完成時(shí)態(tài))

e.g.Thisis/willbethelasttimethatIhavecometoChina.Itwasth

efirsttimethathehadbeeninvitedtoChina.

4.注意區(qū)別定語從句和其他從句

1).區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句。(最明顯的區(qū)別是定語從

句一定有先行詞)

e.g.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheat

re.(狀語從句)

Anewschoolwasputupattheplacewheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.(

定語從句)

2).區(qū)別“介詞+which”的定語從句和“介詞+what”的賓語從句。

e.g.(1)Thisisthecompanyinwhichheworkedthreeyearsago.(which弓I

導(dǎo)定語從句)

(2)Amoderncityhasbeensetupin__wasawastelandtenyearsago.(

what賓語從句)

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where

3).區(qū)別that的定語從句和同位語從句。

e.g.Thenewsthathewonthematchmadeusexcited.(同位語從

句)Thenews(that)hetoldusmadeusveryexcited.(定語從句)

同位語從句中that不作句子成分，但不能省略，去掉that從句仍然完整。定

語從句中that是關(guān)系代詞，可作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省略。

5.關(guān)系代詞(which/that)與關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)的選取方法：

A)當(dāng)先行詞是定語從句中的主語或賓語時(shí)，選用關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞指代

先行詞，并代替先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語。

B)如果先行詞不是定語從句中的主語或賓語,先行詞前面需要加上一個(gè)介

詞才能在從句中作成分的時(shí)候，選用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，常

可轉(zhuǎn)換為“介詞+which”。

e.g.1)Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentinthemountainvilla

ge?

Doyourememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)wevisitedthemountainvillage?

2)Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactorywher

e(=inwhich)heworkedlastyear.

3)Wedon,tbelievethereasonwhich/thathegaveforhiscominglate.

Wedon'tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hehaschangedhismind.

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六：練習(xí)一

1.DidyoufindthenotebookJimhadgivenmeformybirthday?

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

2.That'sallIhaveseenandheard.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what

3.Haveyouseenthemanplanweweretalkingaboutyesterday?

A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them

4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizesofferedtoanyChineseactororactress

sofar.

A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen

5.Heneverreadsanythingisnotworthreading.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.which

6.Themancoatisblackiswaitingatthegate.

A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich

7.cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.

A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho

8.Thepolicecaughtthemanstolemyhandbag.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

9.Thegirlisreadingunderthetreemysister.

A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was

10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

11.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.Those

12.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

13.IsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

14.Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

15.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

16.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalked

about

17.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

18.——“Howdoyoulikethebook?”

——"It'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.”

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

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19.Theywereinterestedyoutoldthem.

A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything

20.——Doyouknowthetownatall?

--No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.

A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming

Key:CBCBABDBCAAADBADBCDB

練習(xí)二

1.1stillrememberthenightIfirstcametothehouse.

2.PHneverforgetthedaywemeteachotherlastweek.

3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,isthebestseasonthere.

4.1willneverforgetthedaysIspentwithyourfamily.

5.I'llneverforgetthelastdaywespenttogether.

6.ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,isfamousfortheWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai,livehistwobrothers.

12.1liveinBeijing,isthecapitalofChina.

13.TherewasatimetherewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtimeyouhavemadethesamemistake.

15.ItwasinthestreetImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwas

made.

17.ThemomentIsawyou,Irecognized(認(rèn)出)you.

18.Thisistheverynovelaboutwe'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisisthewayhedidit.

20.Whoisthestudentwaslateforschooltoday?

KEYS:1.when2.when3.which4.that/which5.that6.where7.that/which8.where9.

which10.where11.where12.which13.when14,that15.that16,that17.(that)18.

which19.(that/inwhich)2O.that

定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題與答案詳解

1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,fromeasttowest.Those

_runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.

A.running;thatB.run;whoC.running;whoD.run;that

2.Thisisthecasehe'shadallhismoneystolen.

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A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

3.Mr.SmithwillpayavisittoBeijingthisautumn,wewillenjoytheOlympi

cGamesin2008.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.how4.Theartistwillnotpaintpe

opleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything.

A.thatthelittlegirlaskshimB.thelittlegirlaskshimtoC.forthelittlegirltoaskh

imD.whatthelittlegirlaskshim5.——

Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?

一Oh,that'

seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledonethetelephonenumberisprovid

ed.A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose6.October15thismybirthday,___

Iwillneverforget.

A.whenB.thatC.whatD.which

7.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointhecanwalkc

orrectlyandsafely.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose

8.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChinaacertaindiseasecalledBirdFlu

isbeingstudied.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what

9.1hopethatthelittleIhavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when10.Thetimeisnotfarawaymodernc

ommunicationswillbecome

widespreadinChina'svastcountryside.

A.asB.whenC.untilD.before

11.isknowntoeverybody,TaiwanisapartofChina.Wemustunifyit.

A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.What

12.1shallneverforgetthedayShenZhouVwaslaunched,hasagr

eateffectonmylife.

A.when,whichB.that,whichC.which,thatD.when,that13.Thebreadmywife

makesismuchbetterthanyoucanbuyatastore.

A.thatwhichB.onethatC.thatofwhichD.thisofwhich14.Thereisnosuchpl

aceyoudreamofinallthisworld.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as

15.Thepeople,hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedC

ross.

A.allwhosehomesB.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomes

D.alloftheirhomes

16.Thehumansaredestroyingnaturedaybyday,ofcourse,willcausesevere

punishmentfromit

soonerorlater.A.whoB.whenC.onwhichD.which

17.Isthisresearchcenteryouvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyear?

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A.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.theonewhere

18.Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldtheyswaminit.

A.whenB.thatC.whoD.where

19.Themanshowedussoheavyastonenomancanlift.

A.thatB.asC.whichD.and

20.Hestayedthereforquitealongtime,duringtimehelearnedmuchspoken

English.A.thatB.thisC.whichD.same

答案與解析：

1.A.主語與run(延伸)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用who

而用that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

2.B.因?yàn)樵诖祟}中where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“在這種種況下"，與inwhich相當(dāng)。

3.A.因?yàn)橄刃性~是Beijing而不是thisautumn所以用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。

4.B.答案B是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句,另外,to后還省略了動(dòng)詞原形paint。

5.C.因?yàn)閛fwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作定語。

ofwhichthetelephonenumber=whosetelephonenumbero

6.D.因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面一句話的內(nèi)容。

7.B.因?yàn)楸硎尽半A段、程度、地步”的thepoint在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用

where引導(dǎo)定語從