Unit1ScienceFiction單詞講解課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

Unit1SCIENCEFICTION

WORDSANDEXPRESSIONS詞匯變形1.appointmentn.預(yù)約,委任→

adj.指定的→

vt.任命,委派

2.salesmann.售貨員,推銷員→

n.女售貨員

3.guiltn.犯罪,內(nèi)疚→

adj.內(nèi)疚的,有罪的

4.dismissvt.解散,解雇→

n.解雇,開除

5.declarevt.表明,宣稱,公布→

n.宣布,公告

6.calculatevt.計(jì)算,預(yù)測(cè)→

計(jì)算,估算

7.divisionn.分開,分隔→

adj.分裂的,有分歧的→

vt.分割,使分離appointsaleswomanguiltydismissalappointeddeclaration

calculation

divideddivide8.urgen.欲望,沖動(dòng)vt.催促,力勸→

adj.緊急的,催促的→

n.緊急的事

9.maximumn.最大量adj.最大極限的→

n.最小值adj.最小極限的

10.explodevt./vi.爆炸,爆破→

n.爆炸,爆破→

adj.爆炸的

11.mudn.泥,泥漿→

adj.泥濘的

12.overstatementn.夸大,夸張→

vt.夸張,夸大

urgencyurgentminimumexplosionexplosivemuddyoverstate短語(yǔ)必背1.____________ 科幻小說(shuō)(或影片等)

2._______

檢驗(yàn);測(cè)試

3._________

更像是;更接近

4.____________

事物的利與弊;支持與反對(duì)

5.__________

比……更好;更勝一籌

6.________

占上風(fēng);取而代之;接管;接手

7.___________

與……沖突或抵觸

8.________

關(guān)掉;熄滅;在場(chǎng);使朝外;結(jié)果是

9.________ (逐漸)減少;消失

10.______________

有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事

sciencefictiontestoutmorelikeprosandconssuperiortotakeoverconflictwithturnoutfallawayhaveanurgeto1.fictionn.小說(shuō)---fictionaladj.虛構(gòu)的，小說(shuō)中的

fictionalcharacter虛構(gòu)的人物sciencefiction(sci-fi)abbr.SF2.testout檢驗(yàn)，測(cè)試3.bonusn.意外收獲，獎(jiǎng)金，紅利4.morelike更像是，更接近

lesslike不像；somethinglike有點(diǎn)像

nothinglike絲毫不像；絕對(duì)不Thereisnothinglike...沒有比...好的Ifwehearsomethinglikealoudtraincoming,wehavetogointhebasement.如果我們聽到像轟隆的火車接近聲時(shí)，我們必須進(jìn)入地下室。5.ridiculousadj.愚蠢的，荒謬的，荒唐的6.integrityn.誠(chéng)實(shí)正直，完整，完好7.dignityn.莊重，莊嚴(yán)，尊嚴(yán)

withdignity有尊嚴(yán)地，大度地Heconductedhimselfwithgraceanddignitythroughoutthetrial.

在整個(gè)審訊過(guò)程中他表現(xiàn)得優(yōu)雅而有尊嚴(yán)。

8.salaryn.薪水，薪金9.absurdadj.荒謬的，荒唐的10.appointmentn.預(yù)約，約會(huì)，委任

appointv.任命，委派

appointedadj.約定的1.I’dliketomakeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon.

我想預(yù)約到下星期三下午。2.Thedoctoronlyseespatientsbyappointment.

那位醫(yī)生只看預(yù)約的病人。appointment

n.預(yù)約；約會(huì)；委任(1)

make/haveanappointmentwithsb.和某人有約

keepanappointment赴約

byappointment按照預(yù)約(2)

appoint

v.任命；委派；安排；約定

appointed

adj.指定的；約好的

appointsb.(as/tobe)任命某人(為……)

appointsb.todosth.指派某人去做某事單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

Callthesecretaryandmakean

(appoint)withthemanager.②

Ifyouareinvitedtodinner,youaresupposedtoarrivenolaterthanthe

(appoint)time.③

Anewengineerwasappointed

(deal)withtheproductsreturnedbycustomers.④

WordcamethatthecommitteeappointedMrsBrown

chairwomanoftheorganization.⑤

IamsorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyoubecauseI

thisSaturday.

我很抱歉不能和你一起去書店了，因?yàn)槲疫@周六和牙醫(yī)有約。appointmentappointedtodealasIhaveanappointmentwithmydentist11.nailn.指甲；釘子

v.釘牢，固定??12.saleswomann.女銷售員

salesmann.銷售員13.guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的，有罪的，有過(guò)失的

guiltn.內(nèi)疚；罪責(zé)14.suspendv.懸掛，暫停??，暫緩

suspensionn.暫令停職；暫緩；推遲；延期15.laddern.梯子，階梯1.Theguywasdeclaredtobeguiltyoftheft.

這家伙被宣告犯有盜竊罪。2.Thesalesmanfeltguiltyabouthavingspreadrumoursindeliberately.

這個(gè)銷售員因?yàn)闊o(wú)心地傳播了謠言而感到內(nèi)疚。guilty

adj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過(guò)失的(1)

beguiltyof犯有……罪

be/feelguiltyat/about對(duì)/為……感到內(nèi)疚/有愧(2)

guilt

n.內(nèi)疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

Johnhada

(guilt)lookonhisface,leavingallthetaskstome.②

Istillfeelguilty

thethingsIsaidtomyfatherwhenIwasateenager.③

Henrywasguilty

abusinghispowerasagovernmentofficial.④

Inthiscountry,youareinnocentuntil

．

在這個(gè)國(guó)家，一個(gè)人在被證實(shí)有罪之前，就是清白的。guiltyaboutofprovedguilty16.dismissv.解散，解雇，消除

dismissaln.開除，解雇17.declarev.表明，

宣稱，公布

declarationn.宣布18.whereasconj.然而，但是，盡管19.rumourn.謠言，傳聞20.presumev.假設(shè)，假定

presumern.假定者；推測(cè)者presumptionn.推測(cè)；假定；設(shè)想1.ThePrimeMinisterhasthepowertodismissandappointseniorministers.

首相有權(quán)任免高級(jí)部長(zhǎng)。2.Theshopkeepergavethebeggaronecoinanddismissedhim.

店主給了乞丐一個(gè)硬幣并打發(fā)他離開。dismiss

vt.讓（某人）離開；解散；解雇；消除dismiss/firesb.forsth.因……而解雇/開除某人dismisssb.(fromsth.)解雇/開除某人單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

Thesuggestionshouldnot

(dismiss)outofhand.②

Theservantwasdismissed

beinglazyanddishonest.③

OnThursday,thecompanyannouncedtheirplanto

．

該公司周四宣布計(jì)劃解雇180名員工。bedismissedfordismiss180employees1.Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergency.

政府已宣布進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。2.Shedeclaredthatthewholeprojectwasawasteoftimeandmoney.

她聲稱整個(gè)項(xiàng)目既浪費(fèi)時(shí)間又浪費(fèi)錢。declare

vt.宣布；宣稱；聲明；表明declaresb./sth.tobe宣布某人/某事是……declarefor/against贊成/反對(duì)……declarewar(on/against．..)(向……)宣戰(zhàn)declaresth.open/closed宣布……開始/結(jié)束declarethat宣布……單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

ThemomentBeijingWinterOlympics

(declare)openonFebruary4,2022,thewholecountrycheered.②

Wemustdeclarewar

anyformofinvasion,regardlessofwhatahighpricewewillpayforthecruelbattlestocome.③

August8wasdeclared

(be)NationalFitnessDay,whenvariouseventswereheldtoencouragepeopletotakemorephysicalexercise.④

Thesciencefiction

oftheyear.

這部科幻小說(shuō)被宣布為年度最佳小說(shuō)。wasdeclaredon/againsttobewasdeclaredtobethebestnovel21.faren.車費(fèi)，船費(fèi)，飛機(jī)票價(jià)??22.weeklyadj.每周的n.周刊23.ona...basis根據(jù)，以...的方式

Wearegoingtobemeetingthereonaregularbasis.

我們將定期在那里會(huì)面。

basen.基礎(chǔ)；基底，底座basicadj.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的

basicallyadv.基本上；大體上24.calculatev.計(jì)算，核算，預(yù)測(cè)

??

calculationn.計(jì)算；核算calculatorn.計(jì)算器25.chairwomann.女主席，女董事長(zhǎng)，女委員長(zhǎng)1.Thepublishersplannedtoproducethejournalonaweeklybasis.

出版者計(jì)劃將該期刊定為周刊。2.Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisofherqualifications.

她因資歷適合而獲選擔(dān)任這項(xiàng)工作。ona...basis根據(jù)；以……的方式（基準(zhǔn)）onaregularbasis例行地；有規(guī)律地；定期地onadailyorweeklybasis每天或每周onthebasisof以……為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

We’regoingtobemeetingthere

．

我們將定期在那里會(huì)面。②

Benefitiscalculated

averageweeklyearnings.

補(bǔ)助金按平均周收入計(jì)算。onaregularbasisonthebasisof1.You’llneedtocalculatehowmuchtimetheassignmentwilltake.

你需要算一算要花多少時(shí)間才能完成分配的任務(wù)。2.WecalculatethattheaveragesizefarminLancasterCountyis65acres.

我們計(jì)算出蘭開斯特郡的農(nóng)場(chǎng)面積平均為65英畝。3.Itisimpossibletocalculatewhatinfluencethemanhadonherlife.

現(xiàn)在無(wú)法估計(jì)這個(gè)男人對(duì)她的生活產(chǎn)生了多大影響。4.Thecalculatorisamachinethatcanhelpusdoalotofcalculations.

計(jì)算器是能幫助我們做很多計(jì)算的機(jī)器。calculate

vt.計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測(cè)(1)

calculateon指望；期待

becalculatedtodosth.旨在做某事

Itiscalculatedthat...據(jù)計(jì)算……(2)

calculator

n.計(jì)算器

calculation

n.計(jì)算；估算單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

Laboratoryworkneedsnotonlyaccuratemeasurementsbutalsocorrect

(calculate).②

Iadoptedacooldignifiedattitudethatwascalculated

(discourage)familiarity.③

Helencalculates

thespecialisttogivehersomeadviceonhowtolearnmathwell.④

therewas47.9%ofwatershortageareainplainarea,mostofwhichwasseriousandmediumwatershortagearea.

據(jù)計(jì)算，目前平原區(qū)缺水面積占47.9%，其中主要以重度和中度缺水為主。calculationstodiscourageonItwascalculatedthat26.gramme(gram)n.克（重量單位）27.flourn.面粉28.venuen.活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地（音樂(lè)廳、會(huì)場(chǎng)等）29.salesmann.售貨員；推銷員30.alienn.外星人??；外國(guó)人adj.陌生的，外星的，外國(guó)的31.prosandcons事物的利與弊；支持與反對(duì)??32.blurredadj.模糊不清的，難以區(qū)分的

blurn.污跡；模糊不清的事物v.使難以區(qū)分33.superioradj.更好的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的superiorto比...更好，更勝一籌

superiorin在...方面優(yōu)越

superiorquality優(yōu)質(zhì)，上等品superiorcourt高等法院；上級(jí)法院34.takeover占上風(fēng)；取而代之，接管，接手35.inactionn.無(wú)行動(dòng)，不采取措施1.Thishandbagismadeofsuperiorleather.

這只手提包由上等皮革制成。2.Nobodywantsyoutobesuperiortothem.

沒有人愿意你超過(guò)他們。3.Heisseniortome.

他比我年長(zhǎng)。superior

adj.更好的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；（在級(jí)別或重要性上）更高的besuperiorto比……更好，更勝一籌bejuniortosb.比某人年齡小/職位低beseniortosb.比某人年長(zhǎng)/職位高beinferiortosb./sth.比……差/級(jí)別低單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Thismodelistechnicallysuperior

itscompetitors.②Asisshowninthereport,onlyonesalesmanisjunior

meinthecompany.③TheChairmanalwaystreatsotherswithdignity,eventopeoplemuchinferior

himinsociety.④Helenwaschosenforthejobbecauseshe

anyothercandidates.

海倫被選中做這項(xiàng)工作是因?yàn)樗绕渌魏魏蜻x人都優(yōu)秀。tototowassuperiorto1.ShedecidedthatIwastheidealpersontotakeoverthejob.

她認(rèn)定我是接手這份工作的最佳人選。2.Therearenotenoughtrainedyoungermenandwomenreadytotakeoverfromolderexperts.

現(xiàn)在人才青黃不接。takeover

接替；接任；接管；接手takeoff起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takein包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留takeup占據(jù)；開始從事完成句子①

Itwasdeclaredthathewould

thecompanyafterhisfatherretired.

據(jù)宣布他將會(huì)在他父親退休后接管這家公司。②

Hiscareer

afterhisexcellentperformanceinthefilm.

在這部電影里有了出色表現(xiàn)之后，他的事業(yè)大獲成功。③

Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI’ll

theburden.

前面會(huì)有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心勇挑重?fù)?dān)。④

Iwas

bythesalesman

—

thecarturnedouttobeuneconomicalandunreliable.

推銷員欺騙了我——那輛汽車結(jié)果既不經(jīng)濟(jì)又不耐用。⑤

Lookingafterherbaby

muchofhertime,butshestillmadeuseofhersparetimetolearnFrench.

照顧孩子占用了她大量時(shí)間，但是她仍然利用空閑時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。takeovertookofftakeontakenintookup36.conflictwith與...沖突或抵觸

conflictofinterest利益沖突37.labourn.勞動(dòng)(者)，體力勞動(dòng)

labourforce勞動(dòng)力v.奮斗；努力工作

labourtodo...艱難地去做...38.leathern.皮革pl.皮衣，皮外套39.levern.操縱桿???，杠桿40.paneln.控制板，儀表盤，專家咨詢組1.Theseresultsconflictwithearlierfindings.

這些結(jié)果與早期的發(fā)現(xiàn)相矛盾。2.Personalethicsandprofessionalethicssometimesconflict.

個(gè)人道德和職業(yè)道德有時(shí)會(huì)相互抵觸。conflictwith

與……沖突或抵觸conflict

n.沖突；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；爭(zhēng)論

v.(想法、信仰或陳述)沖突，抵觸，相互矛盾aconflictbetweentwocultures兩種文化的沖突inconflict(withsb.)和某人有沖突或抵觸comeintoconflict發(fā)生沖突單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

Ifso,yourpointsofviewareboundtoconflict

his.②

Shefoundherself

conflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.③

Theycame

conflictwiththelocalvillagersbecauseofaheatedquarrel.④

Thechangesaresureto

theoldtraditions,sowemustgiveitasecondthought.

變化一定與舊的傳統(tǒng)相沖突，所以我們一定要三思。withinintoconflictwith41.inchn.英寸42.backwards/backwardadv.向后；倒著；往回

backwardsandforwards來(lái)回地Shewasrockingbackwardsandforwardsinherseat.

她在座位上前搖后晃。backwardadj.向后的；落后的backwardarea落后地區(qū)43.gripv.緊握，抓緊44.hazyadj.模糊的，朦朧的，困惑的45.niecen.侄女，外甥女46.fetchv.去拿，去請(qǐng)來(lái)47.handkerchiefn.手帕，紙巾48.lampn.燈，臺(tái)燈49.turnout在場(chǎng)，使朝外，結(jié)果是50.pacen.速度；步伐；節(jié)奏v.確定速度，調(diào)整節(jié)奏1.Sometimesthingsdon’tturnoutthewaywethinkthey’regoingto.

有時(shí)事情并不像我們認(rèn)為的那樣發(fā)展。2.Unexpectedlytheweatherturnedoutprettynicethatday.

出乎意料的是，那天天氣特別好。turnout關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場(chǎng)；使朝外；結(jié)果是

Itturnsoutthat．..結(jié)果……turnup調(diào)高(音量等)；出現(xiàn)turndown調(diào)低(音量等)；拒絕turnin上交；交還，退還turnon打開(水、煤氣、電燈等)turnoff關(guān)閉(水、煤氣、電燈等)turnto求助于；致力于；翻到(書的某頁(yè))；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向完成句子①

It

thatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood.

事實(shí)證明，只是看一看綠色的、生長(zhǎng)中的東西就能減輕壓力，降低血壓，讓人心情更好。②

Themeetinghasalreadybegun,butthechairmanhasn’t

yet.

會(huì)議已開始，但是主席還沒出現(xiàn)。③

Idon’tunderstandwhyJohn

Mary’skindoffer.

我不明白約翰為什么拒絕瑪麗善意的幫助。④

Ioften

myclassmatesorteachersforhelp.Asaresult,Ihavemadesteadyprogressinmystudies.

我經(jīng)常向同學(xué)或老師求助。結(jié)果，我在學(xué)習(xí)上不斷取得進(jìn)步。turnsoutturnedupturneddownturnto1.Insteadofmovingathisusualstatelypace,hewasalmostrunning.

他沒像平時(shí)那樣優(yōu)雅從容地走著，而是幾乎跑了起來(lái)。2.Withfourlapstogo,hekeptpacewiththeleaders.

還剩4圈的時(shí)候，他與那些領(lǐng)先者并駕齊驅(qū)。3.Tedpacedthefloorrestlessly.

特德焦躁地在屋里走來(lái)走去。pace

n.速度；步伐；節(jié)奏

vt.&vi.確定速度；調(diào)整節(jié)奏(1)

keeppacewith(與……)齊步前進(jìn)；(與……)并駕齊驅(qū)

setthepace確定速度；確立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；領(lǐng)先(2)

paceupanddown來(lái)回踱步完成句子①

Ourunderstandingoftenfailsto

themarchofevents.

我們的認(rèn)識(shí)常常趕不上形勢(shì)的發(fā)展。②

Thecompanyisnolonger

inthehomecomputermarket.

這家公司再也不能在國(guó)內(nèi)計(jì)算機(jī)市場(chǎng)上獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷了。③

Theteacher

outsidetheroom.

老師在屋子外面來(lái)回走著。keeppacewithsettingthepacepacedupanddown51.fallaway(逐漸)減少，消失52.divisionn.分開，分隔，差異，除法

dividev.分開；分隔dividedadj.有分裂的，有分歧的53.puffn.一縷煙；少量；喘息54.urgen.強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)v.催促，力勸

urgesbtodosth催促sb做sth

haveanurgeto有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做sth

urgentadj.緊急的，迫切的---urgentlyadv.緊急地urgencyn.緊急；催促55.randomadj.隨機(jī)的，不可思議的

randomsample/selection隨機(jī)抽樣；隨意采樣

randomlyadv.無(wú)目的地；胡亂地

randomnessn.隨意；不可測(cè)性

1.Hissupportersfellawayashispopularitydeclined.

隨著他的名望下降，他的支持者漸漸離他而去。2.Allourdoubtsfellaway.

我們的一切疑慮都煙消云散。fallaway（逐漸）減少；消失fallover倒下，摔倒；被……絆倒falldown跌倒falloff從……摔下(其后直接跟賓語(yǔ))fallbehind落后；跟不上fallinlovewith愛上(某人/某地)完成句子①

Thesalesofcolddrinksusually

inwinter.

冷飲的銷售額在冬季通常是減少的。②

Manyforeigntourists

Chinathefirsttimetheypayavisittothisgreatcountry.

很多外國(guó)游客在第一次訪問(wèn)中國(guó)這個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家時(shí)，就愛上了它。③

Thebabywhoisonlytenmonthsoldcan’tstandsteadilyandfromtimetotime.

這個(gè)只有十個(gè)月大的嬰兒不能平穩(wěn)地站立，不時(shí)地摔倒。④

Ifyoudon’tcometoclassregularly,youwill

inyourstudies.

如果你經(jīng)常不來(lái)上課，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)就會(huì)落在別人后面。⑤

Butinwinter,whenleaves

trees,theyalsoflyaway.

但是到了冬天，當(dāng)樹葉落下的時(shí)候，它們也飛走了。fallawayfallinlovewithfallsdown/overfallbehindfalloff1.ThevacationiscomingandIhaveanurgetotravel.

假期就要到了，我很想去旅游。2.Theyurgedparliamenttoapproveplansfortheirreformprogramme.

他們敦促議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)他們的改革方案。

urge

n.

強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動(dòng)

vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦(1)

have/feelanurgetodosth.有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事(2)

urgesth./sb.on催促某物/某人前進(jìn)

urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事

urgethat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事

Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.極力主張/強(qiáng)調(diào)……做某事(3)

urgent

adj.緊急的；迫切的單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①

Ineverhad/feltanurge

(learn)anysignlanguagebefore.②

Thelocalgovernmenturgedthefactory

(take)stepstostopthepollution.③

isstronglyurgedthatallthefactoriesshouldstopdischargingsewageintotheriver.④

Thepeopleintheearthquake-strickenareaarein

(urge)needoffood,medicineandshelters.⑤

Ourteacher

withtheCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear.

隨著高考的臨近，老師敦促我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。tolearntotakeIturgenturgesustostudyhard56.maximumadj.最大極限的---minimumadj.最小極限的n.最大量；最大限度

n.最小量；最小限度57.explodev.爆炸??

explosionn.爆炸

explosiveadj.易爆炸的58.joltn.震動(dòng)，搖晃，顛簸v.使震動(dòng)，搖晃59.flipv.快速翻轉(zhuǎn)，輕拋60.stunv.使震驚??，使昏迷61.mudn.泥，泥漿

mud