2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第12講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（核心考點(diǎn)）（原卷版）

第12講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表時(shí)間卷次語(yǔ)法填空/短文改錯(cuò)/單項(xiàng)選擇2023年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語(yǔ)法填空:/全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空:beemployed短文改錯(cuò)：/全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：/北京卷語(yǔ)法填空:/浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空:werepermitted天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇:2022年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空:isdesigned新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語(yǔ)法填空:/全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：/全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：去掉have后的been。北京卷語(yǔ)法填空:/浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空:isviewed或hasbeenviewed天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇:weredistributed2021年新高考I卷語(yǔ)法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語(yǔ)法填空:/全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空:wasbuilt短文改錯(cuò)：/全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：/北京卷語(yǔ)法填空:/浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空:waspainted；isconsidered天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇:arebeingdisplayed；hadbeenoffered2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查點(diǎn)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；2. 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！緜淇疾呗浴?.掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化；2.掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式；3.掌握不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況；4.掌握主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】預(yù)計(jì)2024年高考謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)仍將是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，考查形式仍以語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題型為主，很可能會(huì)與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及其他的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查?？键c(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本形式和意義被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為（以do為例）：時(shí)時(shí)體時(shí)現(xiàn)在過去將來(lái)過去將來(lái)一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式(1)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必須采取措施來(lái)制止水受到污染。(2)“get＋過去分詞”式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在口語(yǔ)和非正式的語(yǔ)體中，常用“get＋過去分詞”表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其中g(shù)et相當(dāng)于be動(dòng)詞，起助動(dòng)詞的作用。這種形式一般用來(lái)談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事，通常只表示動(dòng)作，不表示狀態(tài)。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我們搬家時(shí)有些玻璃杯被打碎了。幾種主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的規(guī)則（1）有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)）Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)，需加介詞to）（2）當(dāng)＂動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)＂結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.（3）在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.（4）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如＂動(dòng)詞＋介詞＂，＂動(dòng)詞＋副詞＂等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.(介詞off不能遺漏)5.當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式:(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Peoplesaidhewasasmartboy.可變?yōu)椋篹q\o\ac(○,1)Itwassaidthathewasasmartboy.eq\o\ac(○,2)Hewassaidtobeasmartboy(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如:類似句型有:Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...二、不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：1.（1）所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belongto等。（4）表示＂希望、意圖＂的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（2023·1月新高考浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空）Citizensofhighersocialclasses____59____(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.1.（2023·山西省高三1月適應(yīng)性調(diào)研考試（一模））Thenewrocketwillbe90meterstall,andabletolift27tonnesofpayload(有效載荷)tothelunarorbit,CGTNlearnedfromtheAirshowChinaheldinsouthChina’sZhuhaiCityearlierthismonth,duringwhichamodeloftherocket______（display）.2.（2023·河北省五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟摸底）Actually,BingDwenDwen________(select)tobethemascotoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympicsin2019frommorethan5,800entriessubmittedfrom35countries.3.．(2023·江蘇省海安市高三學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))“Wecanallbreathemorefreelynowthatthenaturalbeautyofourvillage________(restore)，”saidQi.考點(diǎn)二主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義（1）系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。（2）當(dāng)cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)；（3）當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等動(dòng)詞詞組表示＂發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定＂等意思時(shí)；（4）want，require，need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。（5）beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。（6）在＂be+形容詞+todo＂中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。另外：betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)記憶口訣一般現(xiàn)、過用bedone，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變。完成時(shí)態(tài)havedone，被動(dòng)將been加中間。一般將來(lái)shall(will)do，被動(dòng)變do為bedone。將來(lái)進(jìn)行無(wú)被動(dòng)，shall(will)bedoing?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同，have(has)beendoing。現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行bedoing，被動(dòng)be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。否定助后加not，疑問一助置主前。主語(yǔ)恰是疑問詞，直陳語(yǔ)序主在前。一般情助加bedone，雙賓多將間賓變。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。注釋：=1\*GB3①＂be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變＂即be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。=2\*GB3②＂情助＂是指情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(yǔ)(多是主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ))來(lái)變化。=3\*GB3③＂疑問一助置主前＂是說有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的話，應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)放在第一助動(dòng)詞之后或把第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。1．（2021·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí)）Hisnewnovel_________;veryfewpeoplewouldliketoreadit.A．sellswell B．iswellsold C．sellsbadly D．isbadlysold2．（2020·內(nèi)蒙古·赤峰二中高三階段練習(xí)）Myparentslikeclimbingthemountainbehindmyhomeinthemorning,becausethemountainousairissogood________.A．breathing B．breathed C．tobreathe D．tobebreathed1.（2019·寧夏·石嘴山市第三中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)）TheyrealizedthattheproblemTedputforwardwasdifficult_______.A．tosolve B．solved C．tobesolved D．solving2．（2019·黑龍江·鐵人中學(xué)高三期中）IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI_____thecloth_____well.A．havetold;washed B．havebeentold;washesC．havebeentold;washed D．wastold;washes3．（2020·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí)）Thecarelessdriveris____forthetrafficaccidentthat____yesterday.A．toblame;happened B．toblame;washappenedC．tobeblamed;washappened D．tobeblamed;happened過關(guān)檢測(cè)1.（2023·湖北省高三年級(jí)5月份聯(lián)考）Differenttonescanbeproducedwhenthebells_______(ring)withawoodenhammerandalongstick,andbeautifulmusiccanbeperformed.2.（2023·江蘇省鹽城四校聯(lián)考）Nowadays,facemasks________(wear)allovertheworld,butChinaisoneoffirstcountriestorealizetheimportanceoffthewearingoffacemasks.Infact,itisalsoaresultoftraditionalculturalfactorsinChina.3.（2023·山東省齊魯名校大聯(lián)盟高三三模）About385,000peoplefrom192countriestakepartintheyearlyprojecttocountbirds.Theevent________(launch)forthefirsttime25yearsago.4.（2023·廣東省揭陽(yáng)市跨市區(qū)校高三5月聯(lián)考）In2013,she______(cast)astheleaddancerintwodanceperformancesinthegalafeast.5.（2023·重慶市第八中學(xué)校月考）OnarrivalinParis,constantlyI______(remind)oftheofficialprocessesIhadtoplete.6.（2023·湖南省湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)模擬）Concludedbyancestorsfromtheshiftingweathersandagriculturalproduction,Lichun_______(regard)asaguideforsowingandplowinginancientChina.7.（重慶市第八中學(xué)校2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期4月試題）OnarrivalinParis,constantlyI______(remind)oftheofficialprocessesIhadtoplete.8.（湖南省湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023年高三試題）Concludedbyancestorsfromtheshiftingweathersandagriculturalproduction,Lichun_______(regard)asaguideforsowingandplowinginancientChina.9.（江蘇省決勝新高考2023年高三4月大聯(lián)考試題）Xidivillage________(pose)ofmorethan300civilresidences,mostofwhichwerebuiltintheMingandQingdynasties.10.（2023屆廣東省揭陽(yáng)市跨市區(qū)校高三5月聯(lián)考試題）In2013,she______(cast)astheleaddancerintwodanceperformancesinthegalafeast.11.（2023屆湖北省高三年級(jí)5月份聯(lián)考試題）Differenttonescanbeproducedwhenthebells_______(ring)withawoodenhammerandalongstick,andbeautifulmusiccanbeperformed.12.（2023屆山東省齊魯名校大聯(lián)盟高三三模試題）About385,000peoplefrom192countriestakepartintheyearlyprojecttocountbirds.Theevent________(launch)forthefirsttime25yearsago.真題演練2023年1.【2023年全國(guó)乙卷】____46Havingvisited____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.2.【2023年全國(guó)甲卷】Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____50____(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.3.【2023年浙江卷1月】Citizensofhighersocialclasses____59____(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.3.【2022年全國(guó)乙卷】Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.4.【2022年天津卷第二次】Foodandmedicalsupplies________toalltheresidentsafterthehurricanelastSunday.A.distribute B.distributedC.aredistributed D.weredistributed2021年1.【2021.6全國(guó)甲卷】It

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(consider)healthy.4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently,about35,000works________inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.A．weredisplaying B．a(chǎn)redisplayingC．werebeingdisplayed D．a(chǎn)rebeingdisplayed5.【2021年天津卷第二次】Markisagenius.Bythetimehegraduated,he________jobsbyadozenputerpanies.A.hasoffered B.hasbeenofferedC.hadoffered D.hadbeenoffered2020年1.【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ】＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit67.(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68.(construct)＂2.【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅲ】Theartistwassurehewould63.(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver～perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.3.【2020年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷（山東卷）】Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40.(call)galleriesorrooms.4.【2020年浙江卷1月】Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould___64___(place)onlongevity(長(zhǎng)