2025版高考英語一輪復習新題精練專題三完形填空文體3說明文課件

文體3說明文過基礎必備知識新題精練Cloze

1話題:17歲少女發(fā)明低成本工具主題語境:人與社會詞數(shù):約220

難度:★★☆☆☆

科技創(chuàng)新[2023山東日照?？糫A17-year-oldteenager,AnikaPuri,hasinventedalow-costtooltospotelephantpoachers(偷獵者)inrealtime.Shewonthe2022PeggyScrippsAwardforScienceCommunicationforhermodelofamachine-learning-drivensoftwarethat

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movementpatternsinthermalvideosofhumansandelephants."I'mespeciallyexcitedbythe

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focusingonendangeredspeciesandenvironmentalscience,"Purisaid.

DuringarecenttriptoIndia,Purirealizedthatelephantswerestillbeing

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fortheirtusks(長牙)."Iwasquitetakenaback,"Purisaid,"becauseIalwaysthought,‘well,poachingis

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;howcomeitreallyisstillsuchabig

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?’"

Overthenexttwoyears,Puri

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thesoftwareEISa(shortforelephantsavior).Thiswildlifepoacherdetectionsolutionisbasedona

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process:anEISacameraattachedtoamobilephone

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overaparkonadroneand

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themovementsofelephantsorhumans.Thesoftwareisfourtimesmore

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thanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods.Italsodecreasesthe

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forexpensivehigh-resolutionthermalcameras.

The17-year-old'sinventionhasearned

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fromnotablescientists."Puri'ssoftwareisquiteadmirable,"saysJasperEikelboom,anecologist."It'squite

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thataseniorhighschoolstudenthasbeenableto

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somethinglikethis.Notonlytheresearchandtheanalysis,butalsobeingableto

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itinthemodels."

1A.analyzes B.changes C.repeats D.draws2A.discovery B.invention C.theory D.concept3A.trained B.protected C.killed D.raised4A.dangerous B.harmful C.unnecessary D.illegal5A.issue B.business C.burden D.effect6A.used B.created C.downloaded D.sold7A.similar B.natural C.simple D.gradual8A.passes B.spreads C.jumps D.flies9A.detects B.controls C.stops D.directs10A.expensive B.accurate C.active D.complex11A.wish B.value C.need

D.preparation12A.income B.praise C.qualification D.confidence13A.strange B.essential C.mysterious D.remarkable14A.achieve B.record C.imagine D.learn15A.absorb B.repair C.mix

D.apply【解析】

本文主要說明了17歲的AnikaPuri發(fā)明了一種低成本的工具,這種工具可以實時發(fā)現(xiàn)大象偷獵者,文章還介紹了其發(fā)明經(jīng)過和科學家的看法。1.A根據(jù)上文的"spotelephantpoachers(偷獵者)inrealtime"和下文的"movementpatternsinthermalvideosofhumansandelephants"可知,此處指分析人類和大象熱感視頻中的運動模式,故選A。analyze"分析";change"改變";repeat"重復";draw"畫畫"。2.B根據(jù)下文的"The17-year-old'sinvention"可知,此處是詞匯復現(xiàn),指這是一項發(fā)明,故選B。discovery"發(fā)現(xiàn)";invention"發(fā)明";theory"理論";concept"概念"。3.C根據(jù)下文的"fortheirtusks(長牙)""Iwasquitetakenaback"可知,大象仍在被獵殺以獲取象牙,故選C。train"訓練";protect"保護";kill"殺死";raise"籌集"。4.D根據(jù)上文的"Iwasquitetakenaback"和"poaching"并結合常識可知,此處指偷獵是非法的,故選D。dangerous"危險的";harmful"有害的";unnecessary"不必要的";illegal"非法的"。5.A根據(jù)上文的"Iwasquitetakenaback"和語境可知,此處指Puri一直認為偷獵是非法的,不明白這怎么仍然是一個大問題。issue"問題";business"生意";burden"負擔";effect"影響"。6.B結合下文的"The17-year-old'sinvention"可知,這個軟件是Puri創(chuàng)造的,故選B。use"使用";create"創(chuàng)造";download"下載";sell"出售"。7.C根據(jù)下文的"anEISacameraattachedtoamobilephone...elephantsorhumans"并結合常識可知,這個過程很簡單,故選C。similar"相似的";natural"自然的";simple"簡單的";gradual"逐漸的"。8.D根據(jù)下文的"overaparkonadrone"可知,此處指一個連接在手機上的EISa攝像頭在無人機上飛過公園,故選D。pass"通過";spread"傳播";jump"跳躍";fly"飛"。9.A根據(jù)上文的"Thiswildlifepoacherdetectionsolution"和下文的"themovementsofelephantsorhumans"可知,此處指EISa攝像頭監(jiān)測大象或人類的運動,故選A。detect"發(fā)現(xiàn),察覺";control"控制";stop"停止";direct"指導"。10.B根據(jù)下文的"Italsodecreases"和語境可知,此處講的應是該軟件的優(yōu)點,故指的是該軟件的準確度是現(xiàn)存的最先進的監(jiān)測方法準確度的四倍,故選B。expensive"昂貴的";accurate"精確的";active"活躍的";complex"復雜的"。11.C根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,該軟件使用起來很簡單:一個連接在手機上的EISa攝像頭在無人機上飛過公園來監(jiān)測大象或人類的運動。故此處應是表示該軟件還減少了對昂貴的高分辨率熱感攝像機的需求,故選C。wish"希望";value"價值";need"需要";preparation"準備"。12.B根據(jù)下文的"Puri'ssoftwareisquiteadmirable"可知,Puri的發(fā)明受到了著名科學家的贊揚,故選B。income"收入";praise"贊美,贊揚";qualification"資格";confidence"自信"。13.D結合上文的"Puri'ssoftwareisquiteadmirable"可知,生態(tài)學家JasperEikelboom認為她的發(fā)明是了不起的,故選D。strange"奇怪的";essential"必要的";mysterious"神秘的";remarkable"非凡的"。14.A根據(jù)下文的"Notonlytheresearchandtheanalysis,butalsobeingableto

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itinthemodels"可知,此處指一個高中生能取得這樣的成就是很了不起的,故選A。achieve"實現(xiàn),(尤指經(jīng)過努力)取得,達到";record"記錄";imagine"想象";learn"學習"。

15.D根據(jù)下文的"inthemodels"以及上文講的內(nèi)容可知,該句表示"不僅是研究和分析,而且能夠?qū)④浖玫侥Ｐ椭?,故選D。Cloze

2話題:南極洲洛克羅伊港郵局的招聘主題語境:人與社會詞數(shù):約250

難度:★★★☆☆

Thisyear,hundredsofpeoplearoundtheworldareapplyingforadesiredjobtorunPortLockroy,theworld'smostremotepostoffice.The

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isinAntarctica,andoneofthekey

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istheabilitytocountpenguins(企鵝).

Eachyear,theUKAntarcticHeritageTrust

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fourpostmentoliveontheislandfromNovembertoMarch.Apartfrombeinganearly80-year-oldBritish-ownedpostoffice,it

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asamuseum.Althoughemployeeseachhaveunique

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,theyarecooperativelyresponsibleforpreservingthe

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placeandcaringforthethousandsoftourists.Thestaffisalso

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environmentaldatacollectionandwildlifemonitoring.

Applicantsarewarnedthere'snotmuchtimeforrelaxationandrest.Still,thejobishighly

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.TheUKAntarcticHeritageTrustgetshundredsofapplications

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fortheposition.Theyaremainly

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toPortLockroy,bothforitshistoryanditsscientificsignificance.LucyDormansucceededinapplyingforthe2019-2020season.Itwasareal

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forher."Eventhoughthejobcanbehardattimes,there'sarealsenseofcommunity.You'vegotto

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,becauseyoucan'tgetawayfromeachotherveryeasily.Ireallylovethatsortof

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,"shesaid."Andwhatyoucanachievehereis

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.Thetotalexperienceoffersbothadifferent__15__totheworldandanewviewpointonyourfunctionontheplanet."

1A.centre B.position C.aim D.unit2A.requirements B.characteristics C.virtues D.activities3A.persuades

B.instructs

C.encourages

D.hires4A.exists B.operates

C.doubles

D.develops5A.tastes B.talents

C.roles

D.backgrounds6A.temporary B.historic

C.grand

D.magical7A.infavorof B.inneedof C.inpossessionof D.inchargeof8A.paid B.sought-after

C.hard-won

D.respectable9A.annually B.weekly

C.monthly

D.daily10A.invited B.devoted

C.related

D.drawn11A.joy B.lesson

C.effort

D.shock12A.getalong B.showoff C.breakthrough D.givein13A.loneliness B.eagerness

C.looseness

D.togetherness14A.consistent B.rewarding

C.potential

D.pure15A.entrance B.answer

C.attitude

D.introduction【解析】

位于南極洲的洛克羅伊港郵局的招聘吸引了很多人,在那里員工不僅要收集環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)和監(jiān)測野生動物,還要負責數(shù)企鵝。1.B

根據(jù)上文中的"hundredsofpeoplearoundtheworldareapplyingforadesiredjob"可知,此處表示該職位在南極洲。position"職位";aim"目的";unit"單位"。2.A

本文講的是一個職位,再根據(jù)空后的"istheabilitytocountpenguins(企鵝)"可知,此處表示其中一個關鍵的要求是能夠數(shù)企鵝。requirement"要求,必要條件";characteristic"特征";virtue"優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)";activity"活動"。3.D

根據(jù)上文中的"applyingforadesiredjob"和下文中的"employees"可知,此處表示聘用四名郵遞員。instruct"吩咐";hire"聘用"。4.C

前面提到洛克羅伊港是一個郵局,空后又提到"asamuseum",故此處表示該郵局兼作博物館。operateas"起……作用";doubleas"兼作"。5.C根據(jù)下文中的"theyarecooperativelyresponsiblefor...tourists"可知,此處表示員工各司其職。taste"愛好,志趣";talent"才能";role"職能,地位,角色";background"背景"。6.B

根據(jù)上文中的"anearly80-year-oldBritish-owned"和空前的"preserving"可知,此處表示有歷史意義的地方。temporary"臨時的";historic"有重要歷史意義的,歷史上重要的";grand"壯麗的";magical"奇妙的"。7.D

根據(jù)空前的"also"可知,本空應與前面的"responsiblefor"在含義上接近,故用inchargeof"負責"。infavorof"贊同,支持";inneedof"需要";inpossessionof"擁有"。8.B

前面提到這份工作沒有多少放松和休息的時間,再結合"Still"可知,此處表示"但是,這份工作仍然很搶手"。sought-after表示"吃香的(但罕有或難以得到),廣受歡迎的",符合語境。paid"有償?shù)?付費的";hard-won"來之不易的,辛苦得來的";respectable"體面的,得體的"。9.A

根據(jù)上文中的"Thisyear,hundredsofpeople...adesiredjob""Eachyear"和下文中的"the2019-2020season"可知,此處表示英國南極遺產(chǎn)信托基金會每年(annually)都會收到大量申請該職位的信。10.D

他們大多是被洛克羅伊港的歷史和科研價值吸引的。draw"吸引"。11.A前面提到該職位很搶手,而LucyDorman申請成功了,再結合下文中的"Ireallylove"可知,此處表示對她來說,獲得這個職位讓她很開心。joy"令人高興的人(或事)";lesson"經(jīng)驗";shock"令人震驚的事"。12.A根據(jù)上文中的"there'sarealsenseofcommunity"和下文中的"youcan'tgetawayfromeachotherveryeasily"可知,此處表示你得與人和睦相處(getalong)。13.D

根據(jù)上文中的"arealsenseofcommunity"和"youcan'tgetawayfromeachotherveryeasily"可知,此處表示LucyDorman喜歡那種親密無間。loneliness"孤獨";eagerness"渴望";looseness"松弛,松動";togetherness"(尤指家庭或朋友的)和睦相處,親密無間,團結友愛"?！疽族e點撥】

思維定式——部分考生因為前面提到該職位很搶手而想當然地以為該機構每天都會收到很多申請信,但是忽略了上下文的解題信息。14.B根據(jù)空前的"whatyoucanachievehere"和下文中的"Thetotalexperienceoffers...yourfunctionontheplanet"可知,此處表示你在這里獲得的東西很有益。consistent"持續(xù)的";rewarding"有益的,有意義的";potential"潛在的";pure"純粹的"。15.C

這整個經(jīng)歷會讓你產(chǎn)生對世界的不同看法(attitude)以及你在這個星球上的職責的新觀點。【二次精讀】

熟詞生義:1.position常用義:n.位置,地方文章義:n.職位,職務Heheldaseniorpositioninalargecompany.他在一家大公司擔任高級職務。2.double常用義:adj.雙重的;成對的

n.兩倍文章義:vi.(+as)兼作,兼任Theirlivingroomdoublesasahomeoffice.他們的客廳兼作家庭辦公室。3.draw常用義:v.畫,描繪;拖,拉文章義:v.吸引,招引,使感興趣Themovieisdrawinglargeaudiences.這部影片吸引著大批觀眾。【名師點津】

togetherness是together的派生詞,考生可以根據(jù)together的含義推斷出其名詞togetherness的大概意思,從而解答出本題。過能力關鍵能力強化提升Cloze

1話題:錯失恐懼心理主題語境:人與社會詞數(shù):約220

難度:★★★☆☆

心理健康It'sacommonexperience.You're

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asocialmediapage,andyouseepicturesoffriendstravelingorgoingtoparties.Suddenlyyoustarttowonderifyou'remissingoutonsomethingfun.Thisexperiencehascometobe

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asthefearofmissingout(FOMO).Withtheriseofsocialmedia,FOMOisbecomingmuchmorecommon.

Ourwantingtobe

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whenexcitingthingsarehappeningiscompletely

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.Butforsomepeople,itcanleadtoanaddiction.Evenwhiledoing

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things,peoplecanfeellikethere'ssomethingbettergoingonelsewhere.This

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totakepartcanleadthemto

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fromthepeopletheyareactuallywith.It

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themfromthesatisfactorythingsintheirlives.

To

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this,rememberthatwhatpeoplechoosetopostdoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheirlifeoverall.They

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topickthethingstheywouldliketoshare,soweonlyknowasmallpartofanyoneelse'slife.Besides,bemodestandadmityour

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.Youcannotdoeverythingthatmightbeinterestingor

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.Youarealsorecommendedtoturnoffyourphoneorlogoutofsocialmediaforawhile.

Moreover,youcanevenset

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timesinyourdaytocheckemailandsocialmedia.By

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youcanfocusonthethingsinfrontofyou.Consequently,you'llworrylessaboutwhatyou'renotdoing.Don'tletFOMOcontributetoyour

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.

1A.goingover

B.lookingthrough

C.workingon

D.turningdown2A.acknowledged

B.declared

C.marked

D.appointed3A.noticed

B.admired

C.involved

D.accompanied4A.uncontrollable

B.spiritual

C.theoretical

D.understandable5A.profitable

B.essential

C.demanding

D.random6A.urge

B.burden

C.routine

D.courage7A.differ

B.hear

C.judge

D.separate8A.rescues

B.prohibits

C.distances

D.relieves9A.destroy

B.explain

C.purify

D.avoid10A.tend

B.determine

C.happen

D.hesitate11A.problems

B.limitations

C.ignorance

D.failure12A.productive

B.specific

C.noble D.permanent13A.limitless

B.divided

C.informal

D.particular14A.hangingout

B.settlingdown

C.steppingaway

D.givingin15A.disability

B.insecurity

C.misfortune

D.opposition【解析】

本文主要介紹了現(xiàn)代社會中人們?nèi)菀桩a(chǎn)生的錯失恐懼心理,以及如何避免這種心理的影響。1.B由下文中的"asocialmediapage,andyouseepicturesoffriendstravelingorgoingtoparties"并結合常識可知,人們在"瀏覽"社交媒體頁面的時候才會看到朋友的動態(tài)。goover"仔細檢查";lookthrough"瀏覽";workon"從事,致力于";turndown"關小,調(diào)低,拒絕"?？蘸蟮?see"與B項"lookingthrough"相呼應。2.A這種現(xiàn)象可以被認為是錯失恐懼癥。beacknowledgedas表示"被認為是"。declare"宣布";mark"做標記";appoint"任命"。3.C由第一段的內(nèi)容以及空后的時間狀語從句"whenexcitingthingsarehappening"可知,當令人興奮的事情發(fā)生的時候,我們都希望"參與其中"。notice"注意到";admire"敬佩,欽佩";involve"使參與,包括,涉及";accompany"陪伴"。4.D由上文中的"whenexcitingthingsarehappening"以及生活常識可知,當令人興奮的事情發(fā)生的時候,我們都希望"參與"其中,這是完全"可以理解的"。uncontrollable"無法控制的";spiritual"精神的,心靈的";theoretical"理論上的";understandable"可理解的"。5.B上文提到有些人會上癮,空前"Even"暗示此處的行為更甚,由此可推出,此處是說,即使做著"極其重要的"事,人們也會覺得在其他地方有更好的事在進行。profitable"有利潤的";essential"極其重要的,必不可少的";demanding"要求高的";random"隨機的"。6.A上文提到有些人會上癮,即使做著"極其重要的"事,人們也會覺得在其他地方有更好的事在進行,這是一種心理上的想要參與的"強烈渴望"。urge"強烈的欲望";burden"負擔";routine"慣例,常規(guī)";courage"勇氣"。7.D由語境以及空后的"thepeopletheyareactuallywith"可以推知,人們過度查看手機,可能會讓他們與實際在一起的人產(chǎn)生距離,從而"脫離"他們。differ"不同";separate"脫離"。8.C由上文中的"peoplecanfeellikethere'ssomethingbettergoingonelsewhere"可知,人們覺得別的地方發(fā)生的事總是比發(fā)生在自己身上的事情更好,由此可推斷,此處是說這使他們對自己生活中的讓人滿意的事情無動于衷,很冷淡。distance熟義為"n.距離",此處為生義"v.對……冷淡,使疏遠,使遠離"。9.D由下文內(nèi)容可知,此處是講"避免"錯失恐懼心理的做法。destroy"摧毀";explain"解釋";purify"凈化";avoid"避免"。10.A由下文中的"soweonlyknowasmallpartofanyoneelse'slife"并結合生活常識可知,人們"往往"會挑選他們想要分享的東西。tendtodosth."易于做某事,往往會發(fā)生某事"。11.B由空前的"bemodest"以及下文中的"Youcannotdoeverything"可知,我們需要承認自己的"局限性",不是所有可能有趣的事情都能做。limitation"局限性,不足之處"。12.A根據(jù)句意,我們沒有辦法去做所有可能有趣的事,再由上文提到過的想要做的事可知,此處表示要么有趣或者更好的(interesting/better)事,要么極其重要的(essential)事。分析選項,只有productive"有成效的"與這些詞情感色彩一致。specific"特定的";noble"高尚的";permanent"永久的"。13.D此處作者建議在一天內(nèi)設置特定的時間去查看電子郵件和社交媒體來避免看手機的欲望。limitless"無限的";divided"有分歧的";informal"不正式的";particular"特定的"。14.C由上文中的"youcanevenset

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timesinyourdaytocheckemailandsocialmedia"以及空后的"youcanfocusonthethingsinfrontofyou"可知,我們設定特定時間的目的是"遠離"手機與社交媒體等干擾因素。hangout"閑逛";settledown"安定下來";stepaway"走開";givein"屈服"。

15.B由上文中的"Consequently,you'llworrylessaboutwhatyou'renotdoing"以及全文錯失恐懼心理的有關說明可知,錯失恐懼心理會讓我們陷入焦慮,故推知,此處是說不要讓錯失恐懼心理引起你的"不安"。disability"殘疾";insecurity"不安,不安全感";misfortune"不幸";opposition"反對"。Cloze

2話題:無塑料的生活方式主題語境:人與自我詞數(shù):約250

難度:★★★★☆

合成詞辨析[2023遼寧鞍山質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(二)]Reducingtheuseofplasticisabalancebetweenwhatyoucanaffordandwhatyoucanget.I've

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alotfromaplastic-freelifestyle.Ithelpsme

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mycarbonfootprintandsavemoney.

I'vefoundthatlivingplasticfreeisagreatwayto

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mindlessonlineshopping.Nowadays,I__4__weighthepossibilityofreturninganorderbeforeIhitthe

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button.DoIhavesomethingelseIcould__6__tomeetthisneed?IsthereaplaceIcangetit

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soIdon'thavetodealwithalltheplasticit'llarrivein?

Besides,I'veslowly

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thecollectionofthethingsthatIwant,andthataremadetolast.AnytimeIneedtoreplaceabigger-ticketitem,I'm

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tolookforasecond-handversionofanicer,

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item,whichIcanoftenfindforthesamepriceasanewbutlessdurable(耐用的)model.

Ofcourse,therearecertainsituationswhereplasticisthemost

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choice.IrecentlyreorganizedmyclosetandfoundthatI

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clearplasticcontainersformyoff-seasonclothing.Afterafew

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tomyfavoriteneighborhoodcharityshop,IfoundasetofRubbermaidstoragecontainersthat

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thebill.

Lifewithoutplasticdoesn'ttakeplaceovernight.Devoteyourselftomakingafew

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inyourdailyplasticuseandseewhereittakesyou.

1A.heard B.benefited C.received D.suffered2A.record B.rebuild C.reduce D.recall3A.promote

B.consider

C.prevent

D.experience4A.hardly B.disappointedly

C.unfortunately

D.carefully5A.purchase B.print

C.repeat

D.power6A.repurpose B.abandon

C.reward

D.remember7A.abroad B.indoors

C.online

D.locally8A.sold B.offered

C.developed

D.donated9A.eager B.embarrassed

C.annoyed

D.sad10A.smaller-sized B.faster-moving

C.better-shaped

D.longer-lasting11A.strange B.suitable

C.dangerous

D.difficult12A.discovered B.designed

C.ruined

D.needed13A.solutions B.visits

C.roads

D.exceptions14A.fit B.paid

C.cut

D.sent15A.comments

B.notes

C.changes

D.stops【解析】

文章講了作者從無塑料的生活方式中受益良多,它幫助作者減少碳足跡和省錢。1.B根據(jù)下文的"Ithelpsme

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mycarbonfootprintandsavemoney"可知,作者從無塑料的生活方式中獲益良多,故選B項。hear"聽說";benefit"受益";receive"收到";suffer"遭受"。

2.C根據(jù)上文的"Ithelpsme"和下文的"savemoney"可知,此處講的也應是好的方面,即減少碳足跡,故選C項。record"記錄";rebuild"重建";reduce"減少";recall"召回"。3.C根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容以及下文的"mindlessonlineshopping"可知,此處應是阻止盲目網(wǎng)購,故選C項。promote"促進";consider"考慮";prevent"預防,阻止";experience"體驗"。4.D根據(jù)下文的"weighthepossibilityofreturninganorder"可知,要仔細權衡退貨的可能性,故選D項。hardly"幾乎不";disappointedly"失望地";unfortunately"不幸地";carefully"仔細地"。5.A根據(jù)上文的"I'vefoundthatlivingplasticfreeisagreatwayto

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mindlessonlineshopping"和下文的"DoIhavesomethingelse"可知,此處是