人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修七第2講：Living-well-語(yǔ)法篇(教師版)

第2講Livingwell語(yǔ)法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟練掌握動(dòng)詞不定式的形勢(shì)與用法；能夠熟練運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞不定式各種形式。一.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式不定式主動(dòng)todotohavedonetobedoing被動(dòng)tobedonetohavebeendonee.g.Heappearstobeveryhappy.Tocatchthetrain,we’dbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.Ithappenedtoberainingwhenwegotthere.I’msorrytohavelostyourkey.Heissaidtohavestudiedabroad.Thesebooksaretobegivenouttothestudents.Thisnovelhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.二.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法作主語(yǔ)e.g.Toknowoneselfisdifficult.在很多情況下，我們通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)：e.g.Itisimpossibletolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutmakingpainstakingefforts.作表語(yǔ)e.g.Hiswishistobecomeanastronaut.作賓語(yǔ)e.g.Fatherlikestolistentomusicinsilence.Hehadnochoicebuttositthereasusual.Johnwashappytobegiventhejob.Sheishardtogetalongwith.在feel,find,think,consider,make等動(dòng)詞后，如果賓語(yǔ)帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)e.g.Ifounditimpossibletoworkouttheproblemwithoutacomputer.可接不定時(shí)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：aimappearagreearrangeask

decidebothercarechoosecome

daredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavor

hope

failhappenhelphesitatelearnmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwait

wishrefuseattemptcontinue作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)e.g.Iheardthemsingyesterday.Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence.注意：hope,demand,suggest后不能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)e.g.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.OnSundays,healwayshasalotofletterstowrite.作狀語(yǔ)e.g.I’msavinguptobuyacomputer.Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.不定式表示結(jié)果常見于下列句型。1)so...astodoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle把你的自行車借給我好嗎？2)such...astodoWearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.我們還沒(méi)蠢到竟會(huì)相信他。3)enough…todoHedidn'trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain.他跑得不夠快,沒(méi)趕上火車。4)onlytodoHeliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.他搬起石頭砸自己的腳。5)too...todoHiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.她的視力太差了，不能看這么小的字。注意:too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞如果是eager,pleased,happy,ready等，動(dòng)詞不定式不表示結(jié)果，也沒(méi)有否定的意思。Theboywastooeagertogetageographybook.那個(gè)男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理書。Heistooanxioustoknowtheexaminationresults.他很急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。三.不定式的幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.Thisboxistooheavyforthelittleboytocarry.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.Idon’tknowwhethertogotothemeetingornot.with/without+名詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.Withsomuchworktodo,I’mnotabletogotothecinema.用作獨(dú)立成分的不定式e.g.Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithwhatyousaid.可做插入語(yǔ)的還有：totellyouthetruth說(shuō)老實(shí)話 tobefrank坦率地說(shuō)tobeginwith首先 tobebrief簡(jiǎn)言之tomakealongstoryshort長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō) tobeexact精確地說(shuō)tosaynothingof姑且不說(shuō) toconclude總而言之tobesure誠(chéng)然，固然 todohimjustice說(shuō)句對(duì)他公道的話sotospeak可以這么說(shuō)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義e.g.Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthisquestion?Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.高中階段常見帶介詞的to短語(yǔ)歸納：be/get/becomeusedto習(xí)慣于begivento沉溺于berelatedto與…有關(guān)系beaddictedto沉溺于；對(duì)…上癮beopposedto反對(duì)devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；專心于getdownto著手做leadto導(dǎo)致objectto反對(duì)；不喜歡；不贊成putone’smindto全神貫注于giveriseto引起lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意stickto堅(jiān)持makecontributionsto對(duì)…作貢獻(xiàn)（2014湖南卷）ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.A.

Havingfreed B.Freed C.Tofree D.Freeing答案:C解析:不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)是不定式的一個(gè)經(jīng)典用法。而且本句的主語(yǔ)we和動(dòng)詞free之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，可以使用不定式或者現(xiàn)在分詞。但是A項(xiàng)使用的是不定式的完成式，表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，這不符合上下文語(yǔ)境。句義：為了讓我們免受精神和身體壓力的傷害，我們每個(gè)人都需要深入的思考和內(nèi)心的安寧。（2014江西）Heisthought___foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.A.toact B.

tohaveacted C.

acting D.havingacted答案:B解析:本句考察的是固定句式：Sbbethoughto…某人被認(rèn)為…；如果表示的是一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，就使用不定式的完成式，如果是正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，就使用不定式的進(jìn)行式。句義：他被認(rèn)為表現(xiàn)很糟糕，現(xiàn)在他只能責(zé)怪自己丟了那份工作。根據(jù)句義可知他表現(xiàn)很糟糕是在丟掉工作之前，所以使用不定式的完成式。故B正確。3.（2014陜西卷）20.________thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.A.Workingout

B.Workedout

C.Toworkout

D.Workout答案:C解析:本題考察的是不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)的用法，在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中通常只有不定式才可以表示目的狀語(yǔ)。句義：為了算出這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，我已經(jīng)咨詢了拉塞爾教授好幾次了。ABD三項(xiàng)都不能表示目的狀語(yǔ)。故C正確。4.（2014四川卷）7.—Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.—Goodidea.____moreaboutit,visitthiswebsite.A.Tofindout

B.Findingout

C.Tobefindingout

D.Havingfoundout答案:A

解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的不定式用法。動(dòng)詞不定式可以放在句首作目的狀語(yǔ)，譯為“為了…”。句意：——我想?yún)⒓舆@個(gè)電腦課程?！弥饕?。要想得到更多有關(guān)的信息，請(qǐng)登陸這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。Visitthiswebsite是一個(gè)祈使句，表示建議。故A正確。5.（2014天津卷）5.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_________itdidn’tfitA.tofind

B.found

C.finding

D.havingfound答案:A解析:本題考察的是不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)用法，在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，不定式常常和only連用，表示意料之外的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在分詞doing常常表示意料之中的結(jié)果。句義：很著急，她把裙子從包裝里拿了出來(lái)，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)裙子不合適。她很著急地試穿裙子，但是裙子不合適。說(shuō)明這是意料之外的結(jié)果，所以使用A項(xiàng)?；A(chǔ)演練1.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone______asecurityofficer.

A.Employed B.beingemployed C.toemploy D.employs

2.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.A.

buy B.tobuy C.buying D.tohavebought3.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.

A.tobetold B.telling C.beingtold D.told

4.Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclass_____

childrendevelopteamspirit.A.helping B.havinghelped C.helped D.tohelp5.Thechildrenallturned______thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedat B.tolookat C.tolookingat D.lookatKey:CBADB鞏固提高1.Istoppedthecar________ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.A.take B.taking C.totake D.taken2.________warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A.Staying B.Stayed C.Tostay D.Stay3.Volunteeringgivesyouachance________lives,includingyourown.A.Change B.Changing C.Changed D.tochange4.Theairport________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingcompleted B.tobecompleted C.completed D.havingbeencompleted5.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems________wrongwithit.A.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone6.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A.speaking B.havingspoken C.tospeak D.tohavespoken7.We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds____toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdone B.do C.tobedone D.todo8.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemade B.beingmade C.made D.havingbeenmade9.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operating B.tobeoperating C.operated D.tooperate10.Tomtookataxitotheairport,only_____hisplanehighupinthesky.A.Finding B.tofind C.beingfound D.tohavefoundKey:1-5CCDBB6-10CCADB1.It’simportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupdated B.tohavebeenupdated C.toupdate D.tohaveupdated2.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meets B.meeting C.meet D.tomeet3.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_____anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched4.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds________away.A.tostay B.staying C.stayed D.stay5.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetold B.telling C.beingtold D.told6.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbettersilent.A.remain B.beremaining C.havingremained D.toremain7.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.Locking B.tolock C.havinglocked D.tohavelocked8.Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarry B.carrying C.tobecarried D.beingcarried9.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestarsasacarpenterbefore.A.towork B.tobeworking C.tohaveworked D.tohavebeenworking10.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable.A.held B.holding C.beheld D.tohold11.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.break B.breaking C.broken D.tobreak12.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecitybytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheered B.becheered C.tobecheered D.werecheered13.Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.keep B.kept C.keeping D.tokeep14.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproducedpeople’sconcernoverfoodsafety.toraise B.raising C.tohaveraised D.havingraised15.Theabilityanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressing B.expressed C.toexpress D.tobeexpressedKey:1-5ADAAA6-10DBACD11-15DCDAC__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.單項(xiàng)選擇1.________onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgavehimasenseofpeace.A.Whilewalking B.Walking C.Hewaswalking D.Whenhewaswalking2.________withLeiFeng,westillhavealongwaytogo.A.Comparing B.Compared C.TocompareD.Beingcompared3.—CanIhavethedocumentrightnow?—Ofcourse.WaitaminuteandI'llhavemysecretary________itforyou.A.toprint B.printing C.printed D.print4.Ireallylikethissongasitisoftenheard________everywhereinChina.A.singing B.sung C.havingsung D.tosing5.Thedoor________tomorrowwillgetdrythedayaftertomorrow.A.Painted B.tobepainted C.beingpainted D.topaint6.________thatthegovernmentcanleadthemoutofthefinancialcrisis,peopleareoptimisticaboutthefutureofthecountry.A.Convincing B.Convinced C.Toconvince D.Havingconvinced7.Hecoulddonothingbut________whathehadsaid.A.totakeback B.tobetakenback C.takingback D.takeback8.IflewtoParisthismorning,myassistant________metherethisFriday.A.Joining B.tojoin C.willjoin D.wantstojoin9.________Australia'srelativelysmallpopulation,itsoutstandingperformanceintheOlympicGameswasreally________.A.Supposing;amazing B.Comparing;amazedC.Considering;amazing D.Given;amazed10.Icameintotheclassroom,________myseatandsatdowntoread.A.finding B.tofind C.found D.tobefoundKey:1-5DBBDB6-10BDBCC二.閱讀理解Wehaveallexperienceddayswheneverythinggoeswrong.Adaymaybeginwellenough,butsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetoutofcontrol.Sometimesasingleunimportanteventmaycauseanumberofthingstohappen.Letussupposethatyouarepreparingamealandkeepinganeyeonthebabyatthesametime.Thetelephoneringsandthiscausesyourtroublestobegin.Whileyouareonthephone,thebabypullsthetableclothoffthetable,destroyingyourhalf-preparedmeal.Youhanguphurriedlyandattendtoyourbaby.Meanwhile,themealgetsburnt.Asifthisisnotenoughtobringyoutotears,yourhusbandarriveshome,unexpectedlybringingthreegueststodinner.Thingscanalsogowrongontheroad.Duringrushhouroneeveningtwocarscollidedandthedriversbegantoargue.Thewomandriverbehindthetwocarshappenedtobealearner.Shegotintoapanicandstoppedhercar.Thisforcedthedriverfollowinghertostopsuddenly.Thisdriver’swifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake,andasshewasthrownforward,thecakewentrightthroughthewindowandlandedontheroad.Atruckdriverseeingacakeflyingthroughtheairslammedonthebrakes.Thetruckwascarryingemptybeerbottlesandhundredsofthemslidoffthebackofthetruckontotheroad,causingaterribletrafficjam.Ittookthepoliceanhourtogetthetrafficonthemoveagain.Inthemeantime,thetruckdriverhadtosweepuphundredsofbrokenbottles.Onlytwodogswereenjoyingthemselves,fortheywerehappilyhavingwhatwasleftofthecake.1.Ifyouwanttoanswerthephonewithoutanytrouble,you'dbetter___________.A.pulloutthetelephonelinewhenyouarewithyourbabyB.putyourbabyonthebedandkeepaneyeonhim/herC.nothurrytoanswerthephoneD.makesureyourbabyisnotnearthetable2.Whoisresponsiblefortheaccidentsthathappenedontheroad?A.Thetwodriverswhowerearguing. B.Itwasn'tmentionedinthepassage.C.Thewomandriver. D.Thetruckdriver.3.Fromthisstorywelearnthat________.A.therearemanyroadaccidentseverydayB.theaccidentsmentionedinthepas