湖南省師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（含解析）

2024師大附中高二下期中考試英語時量：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWomenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionstoStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912—1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld’sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparityinphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu’scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914—2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918—2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson’scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”.TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria.Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.1.Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________.A.composer B.producer C.actress D.mathematician2.WhatisTuYouyou’sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A.Shetreatedpeopleforcancer. B.SheisthefirstChineseNobelwinner.C.Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions. D.Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.3.Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A.Theysharedthesameinterest. B.Theyeachconstructedatheory.C.TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize. D.Theyallmadeadifferencetotheworld.BItwasnearNewYear2014,andDavidFajgenbaum,whowasbattlingCastlemandisease,wasrushedtoaCTscaninanArkansashospital.Tearsstreameddownhisface.Hethoughtaboutthefirstpatientwho’ddiedunderhiscareandhowherbrainhadbledinasimilarwayfromastroke(中風).Buthesurvived.Also,thisexperienceledDavidtocomplete“theundertaking”surprisinghisdoctors.“Youlearnalotbyalmostdying,”theysaid.Itwasin2010thatDavidgotverysickandwashospitalizedforfivemonths.HewaslearningtobecomeadoctorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainmemoryofhismotherwhodiedofcancer.Theexaminationshoweditwasidiopathicmulti-centricCastlemandisease(MCD).Firstdescribedin1954,Castlemanpresentspartlylikeanautoimmune(自身免疫的)conditionandpartlylikecancer.Itdoesn’thappenveryoften—there’reonlyaround7,000newcaseseachyearintheUnitedStates,soaverylimitednumberofexpertsareonit.Inhishospitalbed,Davidfeltweak.Hisorganswerefailing,andhenoticedcuriousredspotsonhisskin.Heaskeddoctorswhatthe“bloodmoles”meant.Butthey,focusedonsavinghislife,weren’tinterestedinthem.CastlemandiseasestruckDavidfourmoretimesoverthenextthreeyears.Despiteitall,hemanagedtograduateandlaterfoundedtheCastlemanDiseaseCollaborativeNetwork(CDCN)devotedtofightingCastlemandisease.Inlate2013,Castlemanstruckagain,landingDavidinthatArkansashospital.Itmarkedhisclosestbrushwithdeathyet.Afterthistime,Davidsetouttotrytosavehisownlife.Examininghismedicalcharts,hezeroedinonanideathatresearchershadn’texplored.Withconsiderableeffort,hefoundadrugcalledSirolimusmightbebeneficialtohisdiscase.Afterconsultingwithhisdoctors,hepickedupthedrug.Sofar,it’sworking.Davidisinrecoveryanddevotinghismedicalcareertosavingotherpatientslikehim.“Ihopemystoryofferslessonsfarbeyondmedicineaboutwhatpeoplecandowhenthey’reupagainstabrickwall,”saysDavid.4.HowdidDavidfeelwhenhavingtheCTscan?AGrateful. B.Awkward. C.Hopeless. D.Unsure.5.Whatdoes“theundertaking”inparagraph2referto?A.DavidfoundedtheCDCN. B.DavidrecoveredfromCastleman.C.DavidsurvivedtheCTscan. D.Davidfoundawaytotreathisdisease.6.WhatdoweknowaboutCastlemandisease?A.Itisararedisease. B.ItkilledDavid’smother.C.Itisakindofcancer. D.Itinterestedmanyexperts.7WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDavid?A.Selflessandoptimistic. B.Determinedandobservant.C.Ambitiousandconfident. D.Warm-heartedandhardworking.CNoonecansaywhetherhuman-likerobotswillhaveasweetdream,buttheywillalmostcertainlyneedperiodsofrestthatofferbenefitslikewhatsleepprovidestolivingbrains,accordingtonewresearchfromLosAlamosNationalLaboratory(LANL).“Westudyspikingneuralnetworks(尖峰神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)),whicharesystemsthatlearnmuchaslivingbrainsdo,”saidYijingWatkins,acomputerscientistfromLANL.“Wetrainedaneuromorphic(神經(jīng)形態(tài)的)processorinawayhowhumansandotherbiologicalsystemslearnfromtheirenvironmentduringchildhooddevelopment.”Watkinsandherresearchteamfoundthatthenetworksimulations(模擬)becameunstableaftercontinuousperiodsofunattendedlearning.Whentheyexposedthenetworkstostatesthatareanalogoustowhatlivingbrainsexperienceduringsleep,stabilitywasrecovered.“Itwasasthoughweweregivingtheneuralnetworksagoodnight’srest,”saidWatkins.Thediscoverycameaboutastheresearchteamworkedtodevelopneuralnetworksthatareascloseashowhumansandotherbiologicalsystemslearntosee.Thegroupinitiallystruggledwithstabilizingsimulatedneuralnetworksundergoingunattendeddictionarytraining,whichinvolvesclassifyingobjectswithoutprovidingexamplestocomparethemto.Theresearchersexposethenetworkstoanartificialsimulationofsleepasnearlyafinalefforttostabilizethem.Theyexperimentedwithvarioustypesofnoise.Thebestresultscamewhentheyusedwavesofso-calledGaussiannoise.Thesewavescanmakesurethattheneuralnetworkskeepstable.Thegroup’snextgoalistoapplytheiralgorithm(算法)toIntel’sLoihi,aproductwhichusesspikingneuralnetworkstowork.TheyhopeallowingLoihitosleepfromtimetotimewillenableittostablyprocessinformationfromacamerainrealtime.Ifitcanconfirmtheneedforsleepinartificialbrains,wecanprobablyexpectthesametobetrueofhuman-likerobotsandotherintelligentmachinesthatmaycomeaboutinthefuture.8.WhatdidWatkinsandherresearchteamfind?A.Neuralnetworksarefarfromstable.B.Artificialbrainsmayneedbreakaswell.C.Neuralnetworksareverysensitivetonoise.D.Human-likerobotsneedequalresttohumans.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“analogous”inparagraph2mean?A.Contrary. B.Beneficial. C.Similar. D.Related.10.WhywilltheresearchersapplythealgorithmtoLoihi?A.TobetterupdateLoihi. B.ToenableLoihitorunfaster.C.Tofurtherconfirmtheirdiscovery. D.TomakesureLoihigetenoughsleep.11.Inwhichsectioncanweprobablyfindthisarticle?A.Mind&Brain. B.Business&Industry.C.Medicine&Care. D.Computer&Science.DSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou.”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds.authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimateChoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,Greywrites.”“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.12.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.13WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.14.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable B.Tolerant C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Cultureshockreferstotheanxietyandfeelings(ofsurprise,uncertainty,confusion,etc.)feltwhenpeoplehavetooperatewithinadifferentandunknownculturalorsocialenvironment,suchasaforeigncountry.Generallyspeaking,wecouldsaythattherearefourstagesofcultureshock.Thefirststageiscalled“thehoneymoon”.Inthisstage,youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace.____16____Thenextstageis“thehostilitystage”.Inthisstage,youbegintonoticenoteverythingisasgoodasyouoriginallythoughtitwas.____17____Moreover,peopledon’ttreatyoulikeaguestanymore.Thenyoucometothethirdstagecalled“recovery”.____18____Youhavelearnedenoughtounderstandthenewculture.Thewholesituationstartstobecomemorefavorableandyoubegintolearntoadaptyourselftoit.Thelaststageofcultureshockiscalled“adjustment”.Inthisstage,youhavereachedapointwhereyouactuallyfeelgood.____19____Thethingsthatoriginallymadeyoufeeluncomfortableorstrangearenowthingsthatyoufinallyunderstand.Nowyouhaveadjustedtothenewcultureandyoufeelcomfortable.Notallindividualsvisitinganothercountrywillexperienceallthesefourstages.____20____Italsooccurswithinculturesasindividualsmovefromplacetoplaceorfromonesettingtoanother(e.g.,fromhighschooltocollege).A.Inthisstage,youstarttofeelmoredepressed.B.Andyoutrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingyoudon’tunderstand.C.Inaddition,cultureshockisnotlimitedtotheoverseasvisitor.D.Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture.E.Inthisstage,youstarttofeelmorepositive.F.Youbegintounderstandyouneedtotravelalot.G.Andeverythingseemstobemarvelousandeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou.第三部分語言運用(共三節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen____21____topaylawyers’fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed(診斷)withaseriousdisease.Therewasno____22____,onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea____23____journey,astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand____24____recovery.WhenleavinghomeRaynorandMothhadjust￡320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe____25____lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withtheoccasionalhamburgershoptreat.Wildcampingis____26____inEngland.TheWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorningtoavoidbeingcaught.Theysoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot____27____thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor____28____alloveranddesiredabath.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitialstruggle,foundhissymptomswerestrangely____29____bytheirdailytiringjourney._____30_____,thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad_____31_____forever.“Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout,nailsbroken,clothes_____32_____toathread,butwewerealive.”Duringthejourney,Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites,“_____33_____hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageattheendofa(n)_____34_____writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmeachoice,eithertoleavethatpage_____35_____ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope.”21.A.tornapart B.usedup C.givenaway D.setaside22.A.cure B.fortune C.demand D.promise23.A.bus B.train C.walking D.cycling24.A.predicted B.upsetting C.frightening D.unexpected25.A.schedule B.budget C.routine D.income26.A.illegal B.practical C.attractive D.unpopular27.A.funnier B.easier C.cheaper D.tougher28.A.rolled B.bled C.ached D.trembled29.A.developed B.relieved C.controlled D.recognized30.A.Finally B.Hopefully C.Casually D.Slowly31.A.gained B.kept C.recovered D.lost32.A.sewn B.washed C.ironed D.worn33.A.Doctors B.Wilderness C.Homelessness D.Lawyers34.A.well B.neatly C.partly D.initially35.A.lose B.blank C.full D.available第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sustainabletourism,whichisbecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays,isnotjustaboutseeingthesights—itisalsoaboutconnectingwithpeopleandtheircultures,____36____(make)apositiveimpactontheplaceswevisitandenhancingopportunitiesforthefuture.So,____37____canwebesustainabletourists?Itisimportanttotravelin____38____environmentallyfriendlymanner.Gettingtoatouristdestinationbyairplane,whichgreatly____39____(increase)ourcarbonfootprint,hasahugeimpactontheglobalenvironment.Whileavoidingflyingisnotalways____40____(practice),wecanhelpimprovetheenvironmentbytravellingonlocalpublictransportorevenonfootwhereverpossible.Whenatthehotel,wecanreduceourimpactbycuttingbackonwaterconsumptionandnothavingourbeddingandtowels____41____(wash)everyday.Wealsoneedtoprotectthelocalculture.Whenvisitingtemplesorchurches,____42____astrictdresscodemay____43____(require),weshoulddressappropriately.Whiletravelling,weshouldrespecttherighttoprivacy.Wemustaskfor____44____(permit)beforetakingpicturesofthelocalpeople,whoarehumanbeingsandnot_____45_____display.Insummary,beingasustainabletouristcomesdowntorespect—fornature,cultureandpeople.第三節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)請用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。46.I________(delete)thefilebyaccident.I’mterriblysorryaboutthat.(所給詞的適當形式填空)47.Thetrainwasdelayeddueto________(normal)weatherconditions.(所給詞的適當形式填空)48.Ithinkwhatweneedtogainatthemomentis________(practice)experience.(所給詞的適當形式填空)49.Doyouthinkthathehasthe________(capable)tomeetthedeadline?(所給詞的適當形式填空)50.Wewouldliketoseestudentsparticipateinafter-schoolactivitiesmore________(dynamic).(所給詞的適當形式填空)51.Theoilwellextendedseveralhundredsoffeetin________(deep).(所給詞的適當形式填空)52.TheWorldCupFinalbetweenFranceandCroatiareceivedglobalmedia________(cover).(所給詞的適當形式填空)53.Roadaccidentshavedecreasedin________(frequent)inthisregionduringthepastdecade.(所給詞的適當形式填空)54.Wedidnotreceiveanynewsduringhislong________(absent).(所給詞的適當形式填空)55.Pleasefillintheformbelowwithyourname,ageand________(occupy).(所給詞的適當形式填空)第四部分寫作(滿分25分)56.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Thebusranalongthewindingmountainroad.Tryingnottolookattheroad,Istaredoutthelargewindowatthetropicalgreenery(綠色植物)thatcoveredthemountain.Nexttome,mymotherwasasabsorbedbytheviewasIwas.ShehadwonthetriptoCostaRicaasanawardforherhighperformanceatherjob.Shehaddecidedtotakemewithhersothatwecouldhavesome“girltime”togetherinanewplace,andIcouldn’tbehappiertobeinsuchabeautifulplace.Ourbuscametoasmallparkinglotsurroundedbyforest.Ourguidehadtoldthetourgroupthatitwasacloudforestwewerevisiting.Peoplestartedtorisefromtheirseatsandmovedtowardthedoor.MymomandIpickedupourbagsandstarteddownthenarrowpassage,excitedtofinallygettogoonahikeafterthehour-longbusride.Whentheentiregrouphadgatheredoutside,theguidesmiledatus.“Thisisanactivevolcanowearestandingontopofnow,”hesaid.“Youhavetheopportunitytoexplorewithoutaguide.Therearetwopathsyoucanfollowwhenwegetintothewoods:thefirstisashorterloop(環(huán)線)andwilltakeyoubackhereinfortyminutesorso;thesecondwilltakeyoualongerway,andyoushouldbebackhereinanhourandtwentyminutes.Thelongerloopisverysteep,butcertainlydoable.Allofyoushouldbebackhereintwohours,whichshouldgiveyouplentyoftimetoadmirethebeautifulwildlifeofCostaRica!Goaheadandgetstarted!”Momlookedatmeuncertainly.“Iassumeyouwouldliketodothelongerloop,”shesaidafteramoment.Inodded.Weonlyhadfivedayshere,andIwantedtoseeasmuchasIcouldduringthattime.Momfinallyagreed.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Wesetoutonthetrailthatledfurtherintothedarkcloudforest.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Graduallybothofusrealizedtheroadgotsteeperandsteeper________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024師大附中高二下期中考試英語時量：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWomenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionstoStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912—1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld’sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparityinphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu’scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914—2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918—2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson’scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”.TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria.Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.1.Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________.A.composer B.producer C.actress D.mathematician2.WhatisTuYouyou’sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A.Shetreatedpeopleforcancer. B.SheisthefirstChineseNobelwinner.C.Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions. D.Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.3.Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A.Theysharedthesameinterest. B.Theyeachconstructedatheory.C.TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize. D.Theyallmadeadifferencetotheworld.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了4名改變世界的女性科學(xué)家?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HedyLamarr(1914—2000)中的“Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.(奧地利出生的拉瑪出演了許多好萊塢電影，并取得了巨大的成功。她還非常聰明，是一個自學(xué)成才的發(fā)明家)”可知，除了是一個發(fā)明家，海蒂·拉瑪也是一個女演員。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TuYouyou(1930—)中的“Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.(她的工作拯救了全世界數(shù)百萬人的生命)”可知，屠呦呦對世界最大的貢獻是她的發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助拯救了數(shù)百萬人。故選C。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.(下面是四位打破界限、改變世界的人)”可知，這四位女科學(xué)家共同之處是她們都對世界產(chǎn)生了影響。故選D。BItwasnearNewYear2014,andDavidFajgenbaum,whowasbattlingCastlemandisease,wasrushedtoaCTscaninanArkansashospital.Tearsstreameddownhisface.Hethoughtaboutthefirstpatientwho’ddiedunderhiscareandhowherbrainhadbledinasimilarwayfromastroke(中風).Buthesurvived.Also,thisexperienceledDavidtocomplete“theundertaking”surprisinghisdoctors.“Youlearnalotbyalmostdying,”theysaid.Itwasin2010thatDavidgotverysickandwashospitalizedforfivemonths.HewaslearningtobecomeadoctorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainmemoryofhismotherwhodiedofcancer.Theexaminationshoweditwasidiopathicmulti-centricCastlemandisease(MCD).Firstdescribedin1954,Castlemanpresentspartlylikeanautoimmune(自身免疫的)conditionandpartlylikecancer.Itdoesn’thappenveryoften—there’reonlyaround7,000newcaseseachyearintheUnitedStates,soaverylimitednumberofexpertsareonit.Inhishospitalbed,Davidfeltweak.Hisorganswerefailing,andhenoticedcuriousredspotsonhisskin.Heaskeddoctorswhatthe“bloodmoles”meant.Butthey,focusedonsavinghislife,weren’tinterestedinthem.CastlemandiseasestruckDavidfourmoretimesoverthenextthreeyears.Despiteitall,hemanagedtograduateandlaterfoundedtheCastlemanDiseaseCollaborativeNetwork(CDCN)devotedtofightingCastlemandisease.Inlate2013,Castlemanstruckagain,landingDavidinthatArkansashospital.Itmarkedhisclosestbrushwithdeathyet.Afterthistime,Davidsetouttotrytosavehisownlife.Examininghismedicalcharts,hezeroedinonanideathatresearchershadn’texplored.Withconsiderableeffort,hefoundadrugcalledSirolimusmightbebeneficialtohisdiscase.Afterconsultingwithhisdoctors,hepickedupthedrug.Sofar,it’sworking.Davidisinrecoveryanddevotinghismedicalcareertosavingotherpatientslikehim.“Ihopemystoryofferslessonsfarbeyondmedicineaboutwhatpeoplecandowhenthey’reupagainstabrickwall,”saysDavid.4.HowdidDavidfeelwhenhavingtheCTscan?AGrateful. B.Awkward. C.Hopeless. D.Unsure.5.Whatdoes“theundertaking”inparagraph2referto?A.DavidfoundedtheCDCN. B.DavidrecoveredfromCastleman.C.DavidsurvivedtheCTscan. D.Davidfoundawaytotreathisdisease.6.WhatdoweknowaboutCastlemandisease?A.Itisararedisease. B.ItkilledDavid’smother.C.Itisakindofcancer. D.Itinterestedmanyexperts.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDavid?A.Selflessandoptimistic. B.Determinedandobservant.C.Ambitiousandconfident. D.Warm-heartedandhardworking.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章描述DavidFajgenbaum在瀕臨死亡的時候通過敏銳的洞察力和堅定的意志發(fā)現(xiàn)了救治自己和他人的方法，最終戰(zhàn)勝Castleman病的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ItwasnearNewYear2014,andDavidFajgenbaum,whowasbattlingCastlemandisease,wasrushedtoaCTscaninanArkansashospital.Tearsstreameddownhisface.Hethoughtaboutthefirstpatientwho’ddiedunderhiscareandhowherbrainhadbledinasimilarwayfromastroke(中風).(2014年新年臨近，正在與Castleman病作斗爭的大衛(wèi)·法根鮑姆(DavidFajgenbaum)被緊急送往阿肯色州一家醫(yī)院做CT掃描。眼淚順著他的臉流下來。他想起了在他的治療下死去的第一個病人，以及她的大腦是如何因中風而以類似的方式流血的。)”因為想到他的治療下死去的第一個病人，由此可推斷，他當時是非常絕望的，故選C。5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文““Youlearnalotbyalmostdying,”theysaid.(“瀕死可以學(xué)到很多東西，”他們說。)”和最后一段“Afterthistime,Davidsetouttotrytosavehisownlife.Examininghismedicalcharts,hezeroedinonanideathatresearchershadn’texplored.Withconsiderableeffort,hefoundadrugcalledSirolimusmightbebeneficialtohiscase.Afterconsultingwithhisdoctors,hepickedupthedrug.Sofar,it’sworking.Davidisinrecoveryanddevotinghismedicalcareertosavingotherpatientslikehim.(在這之后，大衛(wèi)開始試圖挽救自己的生命。在檢查他的病歷時，他把注意力集中在一個研究人員從未探索過的想法上。經(jīng)過相當大的努力，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一種名為西羅莫司的藥物可能對他的疾病有益。在咨詢了醫(yī)生之后，他選擇了這種藥。到目前為止，它是有效的。大衛(wèi)正在康復(fù)中，他的醫(yī)療事業(yè)致力于拯救其他和他一樣的病人。)”由此可知，大衛(wèi)在瀕臨死亡的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)救治自己的藥物，所以說是這次經(jīng)歷讓他完成了自救，故猜測“theundertaking”意思是大衛(wèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了救治自己的方法，故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Firstdescribedin1954,Castlemanpresentspartlylikeanautoimmune(自身免疫的)conditionandpartlylikecancer.Itdoesn’thappenveryoften—there’reonlyaround7,000newcaseseachyearintheUnitedStates,soaverylimitednumberofexpertsareonit.(首次描述是在1954年，Castleman的表現(xiàn)部分像自身免疫疾病，部分像癌癥。這種情況并